बिरसा मुंडा
birasa muanda
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| poora nam | birasa muanda |
| janm | 15 navambar, 1875 ee. |
| janm bhoomi | raanchi, jharakhand |
| mrityu | 9 joon, 1900 ee. |
| mrityu sthan | raanchi jel |
| abhibhavak | sugana muanda |
| nagarikata | bharatiy |
| prasiddhi | kraantikari |
| vishesh yogadan | birasa muanda ne anuyayiyoan ko sangathit karake do dal banae. ek dal muanda dharm ka prachar karata tha aur doosara rajanitik kary. |
| any janakari | kaha jata hai ki 1895 mean kuchh aisi alaukik ghatanaean ghatian, jinake karan log birasa ko bhagavan ka avatar manane lage. logoan mean yah vishvas dridh ho gaya ki birasa ke sparsh matr se hi rog door ho jate haian. |
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birasa muanda (aangrezi: Birsa Munda, janm- 15 navambar, 1875 ee., raanchi, jharakhand; mrityu- 9 joon, 1900 ee., raanchi jel) ek adivasi neta aur lokanayak the. ye muanda jati se sambandhit the. vartaman bharat mean raanchi aur sianhabhoomi ke adivasi birasa muanda ko ab 'birasa bhagavan' kahakar yad karate haian. muanda adivasiyoan ko aangrezoan ke daman ke viruddh kh da karake birasa muanda ne yah samman arjit kiya tha. 19vian sadi mean birasa bharatiy svatantrata aandolan ke itihas mean ek mukhy k di sabit hue the.
janm tatha shiksha
birasa muanda ka janm 1875 ee. mean jharakhand rajy ke raanchi mean hua tha. unake pita, chacha, taoo sabhi ne eesaee dharm svikar kar liya tha. birasa ke pita 'sugana muanda' jarman dharm pracharakoan ke sahayogi the. birasa ka bachapan apane ghar mean, nanihal mean aur mausi ki sasural mean bakariyoan ko charate hue bita. bad mean unhoanne kuchh din tak 'chaeebasa' ke jarman mishan skool mean shiksha grahan ki. parantu skooloan mean unaki adivasi sanskriti ka jo upahas kiya jata tha, vah birasa ko sahan nahian hua. is par unhoanne bhi padariyoan ka aur unake dharm ka bhi majak u dana shuroo kar diya. phir kya tha. eesaee dharm pracharakoan ne unhean skool se nikal diya.
logoan ka vishvas
isake bad birasa ke jivan mean ek naya mo d aya. unaka svami anand pande se sampark ho gaya aur unhean hindoo dharm tatha mahabharat ke patroan ka parichay mila. yah kaha jata hai ki 1895 mean kuchh aisi alaukik ghatanaean ghatian, jinake karan log birasa ko bhagavan ka avatar manane lage. logoan mean yah vishvas dridh ho gaya ki birasa ke sparsh matr se hi rog door ho jate haian.
prabhav mean vriddhi
jan-samany ka birasa mean kafi dridh vishvas ho chuka tha, isase birasa ko apane prabhav mean vriddhi karane mean madad mili. log unaki batean sunane ke lie b di sankhya mean ekatr hone lage. birasa ne purane aandhavishvasoan ka khandan kiya. logoan ko hiansa aur madak padarthoan se door rahane ki salah di. unaki batoan ka prabhav yah p da ki eesaee dharm svikar karane valoan ki sankhya tezise ghatane lagi aur jo muanda eesaee ban gaye the, ve phir se apane purane dharm mean lautane lage.
giraftari
birasa muanda ne kisanoan ka shoshan karane vale zamiandaroan ke viruddh sangharsh ki prerana bhi logoan ko di. yah dekhakar british sarakar ne unhean logoan ki bhi d jama karane se roka. birasa ka kahana tha ki maian to apani jati ko apana dharm sikha raha hooan. is par pulis ne unhean giraftar karane ka prayatn kiya, lekin gaanv valoan ne unhean chhu da liya. shighr hi ve phir giraftar karake do varsh ke lie hazaribag jel mean dal diye gaye. bad mean unhean is chetavani ke sath chho da gaya ki ve koee prachar nahian kareange.
sangathan ka nirman
parantu birasa kahaan manane vale the. chhootane ke bad unhoanne apane anuyayiyoan ke do dal banae. ek dal muanda dharm ka prachar karane laga aur doosara rajanitik kary karane laga. ne yuvak bhi bharti kiye ge. is par sarakar ne phir unaki giraftari ka varant nikala, kintu birasa muanda pak d mean nahian aye. is bar ka andolan balapoorvak satta par adhikar ke uddeshy ko lekar age badha. yooropiy adhikariyoan aur padariyoan ko hatakar unake sthan par birasa ke netritv mean naye rajy ki sthapana ka nishchay kiya gaya.
shahadat
24 disambar, 1899 ko yah andolan arambh hua. tiroan se pulis thanoan par akraman karake unamean ag laga di gee. sena se bhi sidhi muthabhe d huee, kintu tir kaman goliyoan ka samana nahian kar paye. birasa muanda ke sathi b di sankhya mean mare ge. unaki jati ke hi do vyaktiyoan ne dhan ke lalach mean birasa muanda ko giraftar kara diya. 9 joon, 1900 ee. ko jel mean unaki mrityu ho gee. shayad unhean vish de diya gaya tha. lekin lok gitoan aur jatiy sahity mean birasa muanda aj bhi jivit haian.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
bharatiy charit kosh |lekhak: liladhar sharma 'parvatiy' |prakashak: shiksha bharati, madarasa rod, kashmiri get, dilli |prishth sankhya: 544 |
sanbandhit lekh