बीरबल
birabal
| |
| poora nam | raja birabal |
| any nam | maheshadas |
| janm | 1528 ee. |
| janm bhoomi | trivikramapur, kanapur, uttar pradesh[1] |
| mrityu tithi | 1586 ee. |
| mrityu sthan | svat, bharat (ab pakistan) |
| upadhi | akabar ne birabal ko 'raja' aur 'kaviray' ki upadhi se sammanit kiya tha. |
| dharmik manyata | din-e-ilahi |
| prasiddhi | akabar ke navaratnoan mean se ek |
| upanam | birabal ka upanam brahm tha.[2] |
| any janakari | raja birabal dan dene mean apane samay advitiy the aur puraskar dene mean sansar-prasiddh the. gan vidya bhi achchhi janate the. unake kavitt aur dohe prasiddh haian. |
birabal (janm-1528 ee.; mrityu- 1586 ee.) mugal badashah akabar ke akabar ke navaratnoan mean sarvadhik lokapriy ek brahman darabari tha. birabal ki vyangyapoorn kahaniyoan aur kavy rachanaoan ne unhean prasiddh banaya tha. birabal ne din-e-ilahi apanaya tha aur fatehapur sikari mean unaka ek suandar makan tha.[3] badashah akabar ke prashasan mean birabal mugal darabar ka pramukh vazir tha aur raj darabar mean usaka bahut prabhav tha. birabal kaviyoan ka bahut samman karata tha. vah svayan bhi brajabhasha ka achchha janakar aur kavi tha.
parichay
raja birabal ka janm sanvat 1584 vikrami mean kanapur zile ke aantargat 'trivikramapur' arthath tikavaanpur mean hua tha. bhooshan kavi ne apane janmasthan trivikramapur mean hi inaka janm hona likha hai.[1]prayag ke ashok-stanbh par yah lekh hai-
sanvat 1632 shake 1493 marg badi 5 somavar gangadas sut maharaj birabal shri tiratharaj ki yatra suphal likhitan.
badayooanni ne birabal ke upanam brahm mean das milakar inaka nam brahmadas likha hai.[4]ye kanyakubj brahman the.[1] akabar ne birabal ko 'raja' padavi di thi. birabal utana prabhavashali senapati nahian tha, jitana prabhavashali kavi tha. kuchh itihasakaroan ne birabal ko rajapoot saradar bataya hai. birabal akabar ka snehapatr tha. akabar ne birabal ko 'raja' aur 'kaviray' ki upadhi se sammanit kiya tha. par unaka sahityik jivan akabar ke darabar mean manoranjan karane tak hi simit raha.
prabhavashali kavi
maharaj birabal brajabhasha ke achchhe kavi the aur kaviyoan ka b di udarata ke sath samman karate the. kahate haian, keshavadas ji ko inhoanne ek bar chhah lakh rupaye die the aur keshavadas ki pairavi se orachha naresh par ek karo d ka zurmana muaph kara diya tha. inake marane par akabar ne yah soratha kaha tha, -
din dekhi sab din, ek n dinhoan dusah dukh.
so ab ham kahan din, kachhu nahian rakhyo birabal
- inaki koee pustak nahian milati hai, par kee sau kavittoan ka ek sangrah bharatapur mean hai. inaki rachana alankar adi kavyaangoan se poorn aur saras hoti thi. kavita mean ye apana nam brahm rakhate the.
uchhari uchhari bheki jhapatai urag par,
urag pai kekin ke lapatai lahaki haian.
kekin ke surati hie ki na kachhoo hai, bhe,
eki kari kehari, n bolat bahaki hai.
kahai kavi brahm vari herat harin phiraian,
baihar bahat b de zor so jahaki haian.
tarani kai tavan tava si bhee bhoomi rahi,
dasahoo disan mean davari si dahaki hai
poot kapoot, kulachchhani nari, larak parosi, lajayan saro.
bandhu kubuddhi , purohit lanpat, chakar chor, atith dhutaro
sahab soom, a dak turang, kisan kathor, divan nakaro.
brahm bhanai sunu sah akabbar barahauan baandhi samudr mean darau
kaviray pad
birabal hindi ki achchhi kavitaean karate the, isase pahale inako kaviray (jo malikushshoara arthath kaviyoan ke raja ke pray: barabar hai) ki padavi mili thi. 18vean varsh jab badashah ne nagarakot ke raja jayachand par kruddh hokar use qaid kar liya, tab usaka putr vidhichandr (jo alpavayask tha) apane ko usaka uttaradhikari samajh kar vidrohi ho gaya. badashah ne vah prant kaviray ko (jisaki jagir pas hi thi) de di aur panjab ke soobedar husain kuli khaan khanejahaan ko ajnapatr bheja ki us prant ke saradaroan ke sath vahaan jakar nagarakot vidhichandr se chhinakar kaviray ke adhikar mean de de. inhean raja birabal (jisaka arth bahadur hai) ki padavi dekar us kary par niyat kiya.
akabar aur birabal
birabal maheshadas namak badafarosh[5] brahman the jise hindi mean bhat kahate haian. yah jati dhanadhyoan ki prashansa karane vali thi. yadyapi birabal kam pooanji ke karan buri avastha mean din vyatit kar rahe the, par birabal mean buddhi aur samajh bhari huee thi. apani buddhimani aur samajhadari ke karan yah apane samay ke barabar logoan mean many ho ge. jab saubhagy se akabar badashah ki seva mean pahuanche, tab apani vakh-chaturi aur hanso dapan se badashahi majalis ke musahiboan aur mukhy logoan ke gol mean ja pahuanche aur dhire-dhire un sab logoan se age badh ge. bahudha badashahi pannoan mean inhean musahibe-danishavar raja birabal likha gaya hai.
jab raja lahaur pahuanche to husain kuli khaan ne jagiradaroan ke sath sasainy nagarakot pahuanchakar use gher liya. jis samay durg vale kathinaee mean p de hue the, daivath usi samay ibrahim husen mirza ka balava arambh ho gaya tha aur is karan ki us vidroh ka shant karana us samay ka avashyak kary tha, isase durg vijay karana chho d dena p da. aant mean raja ki sammati se vidhichandr se paanch man sona aur khutaba padhavane, badashahi sikka dhalane tatha durg kaang da ke phatak ke pas masajid banavane ka vachan lekar ghera utha liya gaya. 30vean varsh sanh 994 hi. (sanh 1586 ee.) mean jain khaan koka yoosufajee jati ko, jo svad aur bajaur namak paha di desh ki rahanevali thi, dand dene ke lie niyukt hua tha. usane bajaur par chadhaee karake svat [6] pahuanch kar us jati ko dand diya.
ghatiyaan par karate-karate sena thak gee thi, isaliye jain khaan koka ne badashah ke pas nee sena ke lie sahayatarth prarthana ki. shekh abul fazal ne utsah aur svamibhakti se is kary ke liye badashah ne apane ko niyukt kiye jane ki prarthana ki. badashah ne inake aur raja birabal ke nam par goli dali. daivath vah raja ke nam ki nikali. inake niyukt hone ke anantar shanka ke karan haqim abulafajal ke adhin ek sena pichhe se aur bhej di. jab donoan saradar paha di desh mean hokar koka ke pas pahuanche tab, yadyapi kokalatash tatha raja ke bich pahile hi se manomaliny tha, tathapi koka ne majalis karake navagantukoan ko nimantrit kiya. raja ne is par krodh pradarshit kiya. koka dhairy ko kam mean lakar raja ke pas gaya aur jab ray hone lagi; tab raja ( jo hakim se bhi pahile hi se manomaliny rakhata tha) se k di-k di batean hueean aur aant mean gali-galauj tak ho gaya.
phal yah hua ki kisi ka hriday svachchh nahian raha aur har ek doosare ki sammati ko katane laga. yahaan tak ki apas ki phoot aur jhag de se bina thik prabandh kie ve balandari ki ghati mean ghuse. afaganoan ne har or se tir aur patthar pheankana arambh kiya aur ghabarahat se hathi, gho de aur manushy ek mean mil ge. bahut adami mare ge aur doosare din bina kram hi ke kooch karake aandhere mean ghatiyoan mean phans kar bahut se mare ge. raja birabal bhi isi mean mare ge.[7]
kahate haian ki jab raja karakar pahuanche the, tab kisi ne unase kaha tha ki aj ki rat mean afagan akraman kareange; isase tin char kos zamin (jo samane hai) par kar li jay to ratri-akraman ka khataka n rah jaega. raja ne jain khaan ko bina isaka pata die hi sandhya samay kooch kar diya. unake pichhe kul sena chal di. jo hona tha so ho gaya. badashahi sena ka bhari parajay hua aur lagabhag sahastr manushy mare ge jinamean se kuchh aise the jinhean badashah pahachanate the. raja ne bahut kuchh hath pair mara (ki bahar nikal jayean) par mara gaya.[8]
jab koee kritaghnata aur akritajnata se dhanyavad dene ke badale mean buraee karane lagata hai, tab yah kantakamay sansar use jaldi usake kamoan ka badala de deta hai. kahate haian ki jab raja us parvaty pradesh mean pahuancha, tab usaka mukh aur hriday big da hua tha aur apane sathiyoan se kahata tha ki 'ham logoan ka samay hi big da hua hai ki ek haqim ke sath koka ki sahayata ke lie jangal aur paha d napana p dega. isaka phal n jane kya ho! yah nahian janata tha ki svami ke kam karane aur usaki ajna manane mean hi bhalaee hai. yah karan kitana hi asantoshajanak raha ho, par yah prakat hai ki jain khaan dhay-bhaee aur ooanche mansab ka hone se uchchapadasth tha. raja keval do hazari mansabadar tha[9], par usane musahibi aur mitrata (jo badashah ke sath thi) ke ghamand mean aisa bartab kiya tha.[1]
birabal ki mrityu
mugal sena ke nayak ke roop mean pashchimottar simapraant ke ek yuddh mean sanh 1586 ee. mean birabal ki mrityu ho gee thi. kahate haian ki akabar ne usaki mrityu-varta sun kar do din tak khan-pan nahian kiya[10] aur us faraman se (jo khan-e-khana mirza abdurrahim ko usake shok par likha tha aur jo allami shekh abul fazal ke granth mean diya hua hai) prakat hota hai ki badashah ke hriday mean usane kitana sthan prapt kar liya tha aur donoan mean kitana ghana sanbandh tha. birabal ki prashansa aur svamibhakti ke shabdoan ke age yah likha hua hai ki
shok ! sahastr shok !
ki is sharabakhane ki sharab mean du:kh mila hua hai !
is mithe sansar ki mishri halahal mishrit hai.
sansar mrig-trishna ke saman pyasoan se kapat karata hai aur p dav gaddhoan aur tiloan se bhara p da hai !
is majalis ka bhi sabera hona hai aur is pagalapan ka phal sir ki garmi hai !
kuchh rukavatean n a p datian to svayan jakar apani aankhoan se birabal ka shav dekhata aur un kripaoan aur aur dayaoan (jo hamari us par thian) ko pradarshit karata."
sher ka arth
'"he hriday, aisi ghatana se mere kaleje mean rakt tak nahian rah gaya aur he netr, kaleje ka rang bhi ab lal nahian rah gaya hai.'"
raja birabal dan dene mean apane samay advitiy the aur puraskar dene mean sansar-prasiddh the. gan vidya bhi achchhi janate the. unake kavitt aur dohe prasiddh haian. unake kahavatean aur latife sab mean prachalit haian. unaka upanam brahm tha.[11] b de putr ka nam lala tha[12], jise yogy mansab mila tha. yah kusvabhav aur buri lat se vyay adhik karata tha jisase isaki ichchha badhi, par jab ay nahian badhi, tab isake sir par svatantrata se din vyatit karane ki sanak chadhi. isaliye isako 46 vean varsh mean badashahi darabar chho dane ki ajna mil gee.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 pustak- 'mugal darabar ke saradar' bhag-1| lekhak: masirulh umara | prakashan: nagari pracharini sabha, varanasi | prishth sankhya: 127-130
- ↑ darabari akabari mean (pri. 295) upanam burhiya likha hai. badayooanni lo krit anu. pri. 161) mean brahmadas hai. masirulhumara ke sampadakoan ne barahan: (nanga) likha hai. yah sab farasi lipi ki maya matr hai. vastav mean brahm hi thik hai. mishrabandhuvinod (san. 77, bhag 1, pri. 296-8) mean inaki kavita ka uddharan diya hua hai.
- ↑ pustak- bharat jnanakosh khand-4 |prakashan- ensaiklopidiya britainika| prishth sankhya- 26
- ↑ (badayooanni, lo, pri. 164)
- ↑ (prashansa bechane vale)
- ↑ jo peshavar ke uttar aur bajaur ke pashchim hai, chalis kos lamba aur paanch se pandrah kos tak chau da hai aur jisamean chalis sahasr manushy us jati ke basate the
- ↑ akabaranama, ili. dau., ji. 5, prishth. 80-84 mean vistrit vivaran diya hai.
- ↑ jubdatuttavarikh, ili. dau., ji. 5, pri. 191 mean isi prakar yah ghatana likhi gee hai.
- ↑ yah ashchary ki bat hai ki akabar ka itana priy vyakti ko keval do hazari mansab mila hua tha jo itihasakaroan ki samajh mean nahian ata hai.
- ↑ raja birabal ki mrityu ke anantar unake jivit rahane ki jhoothi gappoan ka varnan badayooni ne vistar se likha hai (dekhie muanttakhabuttavarikh bib. iandi. san. pri. 357-58).
- ↑ darabari akabari mean (pri. 295) upanam burhiya likha hai. badayooanni lo krit anu. pri. 161) mean brahmadas hai. masirulhumara ke sampadakoan ne barahan: (nanga) likha hai. yah sab farasi lipi ki maya matr hai. vastav mean brahm hi thik hai. mishrabandhuvinod (san. 77, bhag 1, pri. 296-8) mean inaki kavita ka uddharan diya hua hai.
- ↑ doosare putr ka harihararay nam tha jisaka akabaranama ji. 3, prishth. 820 mean is prakar ullekh hai ki vah dakshin se shahazada daniyal ka patr laya tha.
sanbandhit lekh
varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
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