बुंदेलखंड

[[chitr:Orchha-Fort-Bundelkhand.jpg|thumb|300px|orachha qila, buandelakhand
Orchha Fort, Bundelkhand]] buandelakhand uttar pradesh ke dakshin aur madhy pradesh ke poorvottar mean sthit hai. yah ek paha di ilaka hai, jisamean poorv svatantray yug mean anek chhoti-b di riyasatean thian. buandelakhand ka adhikaansh bhoobhag ab uttar pradesh mean hai, kintu kuchh bhag madhy pradesh mean bhi mila hai. yah us bhookhand ka nam hai, jisake uttar mean yamuna aur dakshin mean vindhy parvat shrriankhala, poorv mean betava aur pashchim mean tauans athava tamasa nadi sthit hai.

• ek kavi ne apani kavita mean buandelakhand ka parichay is prakar diya hai-

khajuraho, devagadh ka duniya bhar mean bakhan .
patthar ki moortiyoan ko mano nil ge pran..
chanderi, gvaliyar ki aitihasik kirti-chhata.
tirth amarakantak, chitrakoot, balaji mahan..
sonagiri, pava giri, papaura ke dharm-sthal.
apane dharm-sanskriti par hamako bhari ghamand..
jay jay bharat akhand jay buandelakhand ..

itihas

buandeloan ka poorvaj pancham buandela tha. buandelakhand buandel rajapootoan ke nam par prasiddh hai, jinake rajy ki sthapana 14vian shati mean huee thi. isase poorv yah pradesh 'jujhauti' athava 'jejakabhukti ' nam se jana jata tha aur chandeloan dvara navian se chaudahavian shatabdi tak shasit hota raha. gorelal tivari ka mat hai ki buandelakhand nam 'viandhyelakhand' ka apabhransh hai. rajy ke pramukh nagar the-

'mahoba-zila hamirapur tatha kalanjar' kalanjar mean rajy ki suraksha ke lie ek mazaboot qila tha. sherashah is qile ki gherabandi ke samay 1545 ee. ke samay yahian mara gaya tha.

buandeli mati mean janmih anek vibhootiyoan ne n keval apana balki is aanchal ka nam khoob roshan kiya aur itihas mean amar ho ge. alha-oodal, eesuri, kavi padmakar, jhaansi ki rani lakshmibaee, d aau. harisianh gaur adi anek mahanh vibhootiyaan isi kshetr se sanbaddh haian. anek itihas purushoan aur alha ki baban l daiyaan buandelakhand ka praman haian. yahaan ke vir yoddha bundela kahalae. bundeli yahaan ki saanskritik, samajik aur rajanitik chetana ki boli rahi hai. yahaan ke log bundeli boli bolane ke karan hi 'bundela' kahalae. bundelakhand ke rupayan ka gahara sambandh maharaja chhatrasal ke mahattvapoorn sthan jejakabhukti se hai.

madhy kal se pahale buandelakhand shabd is nam se prayog mean nahian aya. adhunik yug mean hi isake any nam aur unake upayog hue haian. bisavian shati ke praranbhik dashak mean buandelakhand ka itihas maharaj rayabahadur sianh ne likha tha. isame buandelakhand ke antargat ane vali jagiroan aur unake shasakoan ke namoan ki ganana mukhy thi. panna darabar ke prasiddh kavi krishna tatha divan pratipal sianh ne apane srotoan se buandelakhand ka itihas likha; parantu ve vidvanh bhi samajik saanskritik chetanaoan ke prati udasin rahe.

buandelakhand ka kramavar itihas:-

• pauranik itihas
• mauryakal
• vakatak aur guptashasan
• kalachuriyoan ka shasan
• chandeloan ka shasan
• buandeloan ka shasan
• orachha ke buandela
• marathoan ka shasan
• buandelakhand mean rajavidroh
• aangrezi rajy mean vilayan

udyog aur vyapar

[[chitr:Nrisinghdev-palace-Bundelkhand.jpg|thumb|300px|nrisianhadev pailes, buandelakhand
Nrisinghdev Palace, Bundelkhand]] dastakari ke lie buandelakhand ki prasiddhi door-door tak hai. chanderi ke kap de aur zari ke kam ke lie, goo kap de bunane ke lie tatha datiya, orachha, panna aur chhatarapur mitti ke bartan tatha lak di aur patthar ke kam ke lie prasiddh hai. yahaan koriyoan ke dvara jajam, dari, kalin, loharoan ke dvara bandook ke kunde aur nal, g dariyoan ke dvara kanbal tatha bajiroan ke dvara chataeeyaan, bachchoan ke letane ke lie changela, tokaniyaan, chuliya-tipare aur pankhe adi b di kushalata se banate haian.

avadharana ke anusar

ek prachalit avadharana ke anusar vah kshetr jo uttar mean yamuna, dakshin mean vindhy pletoan ki shreniyoan, uttar-pashchim mean chambal aur dakshin poorv mean panna, aur azamagadh shreniyoan se ghira hua hai, bundelakhand ke nam se jana jata hai.

• isamean uttar pradesh ke char zile- jalaun, jhaansi, hamirapur aur baanda
• madhyapredash ke char zile- datiya, tikamagadh, chhattarapur aur panna

ke alava uttar-pashchim mean chambal nadi tak prasarit vistrit pradesh ke nam tha. kaniangham ne "bundelakhand ke vistar ke samay isamean ganga aur yamuna ka samast dakshini pradesh jo pashchim mean betava nadi se poorv mean chanderi aur sagar ke ziloan sahit vindhyavasini devi ke mandir tak tatha dakshin mean narmada nadi ke muhane ke nikat bilhari tak prasarit tha.

sanskriti

buandeli sanskriti ke rang atyadhik samriddh aur vividhavarni hai. d aau. narmadaprasad gupt ke dvara likha gaya hai ki yahaan ki lok sanskriti puliand, nishad shabar, ramath, daangi adi aryetar sanskritiyoan ke dvara prabhavit thi. ary rrishiyoan ki ashrami sanskriti ramayan kal mean phali-phooli thi. aur vany sanskriti mahabharat kal mean bhi bani rahi thi. buandelakhand ki lok sanskriti ki nianv nag vakatak kal mean rakhi gee thi. lok sanskriti aur lok kalaoan ko is kal mean jitana nikhar aur utkarsh prapt hua hai, utana in sat-ath sau varshoan mean kabhi nahian dikhaee diya hai. buandeli lok sanskriti aur lok kalaoan ki dhara in samast parivartanoan aur parivarddhanoan mean bhi ajastr roop se bahati rahi hai.

buandelakhand shaury, sahas aur shrriangar ke lie sabase adhik prasiddh aanchal hai. bharat ke madhy bhag mean sthit hone ke karan yahaan ki bhoomi par anek jatiyoan- janajatiyoan ka hamesha se avagaman raha hai. yahaan anek sanskritiyaan ati jati rahi hai, isake karan buandelakhand ki sanskriti mean kee jatiyoan ki sanskriti ke bahut se tattv milate haian, jiname yoddha jatiyoan- janajatiyoan ke logoan ki sanskritiyoan ka avagaman adhik raha hai. isake karan yahaan ke logoan mean shaury aur sahas jaisi pravrittiyoan ka vikas hua hai.

khajuraho ke kala mandir in mandiroan mean buandelakhand ki hi nahian, vishv ki apratim dharohar haian. khajuraho ke mandir mean ek taraf nrity, sangit aur utsav ayojan ke drishy utkirn kiye jate haian to doosari taraf akhet, hasti yuddh adi ke drishy utkirn kiye jate haian.

rajashekhar ne kavy mimaansa mean buandelakhand ke nartak, gayak, vadak, charan, chitere, vit, veshya, indrajalik ke atirikt hath ke taloan par nachane vale, tairak, rassoan par nachane vale, daantoan se khel dikhane vale, pahalavan, patebaj aur madariyoan ka ullekh kiya hai. poore buandelakhand mean utsav-mahotsav manane ki pratha chali a rahi hai. isaka ullekh alabaruni ne kiya hai-

• chait ki ekadashi ko jhoole ka din
• poornima ko vasantotsav
• ashvin poornima ko pashuoan ka tyohar aur kushtiyoan ka ayojan
• kartik pratipada ko dipavali ka utsav tatha
• phalgun poornima mean striyoan ka dolotsav evan holi, adi manaye jate haian, aur yah sab buandelakhand ki bhoomi par aj bhi sahaj upalabdh hai.

buandelakhand ka bhojan, pey v vastrabharan

mahua aur ber buandelakhand ke logoan ka sabase priy bhojan hai. ye donoan vriksh is jagah ke lokapriy vriksh haian. yahaan mahua ko meva, ber ko kaleva (nasta) aur gulachul ka sabase badhiya mishthan mana jata hai, jaisa ki is pankti se spasht hota hai

mua meva ber kaleva gulachul b di mithaee.
itani chizean chaho to gu dane karo sagaee..

thumb|300px|chillah tara ghat, buandelakhand- 1838 lata machhuoan ko bhoonakar aur usake bad koot kar unamean gari, chirauanji adi meva mila kar chhoti- chhoti kuchaiya ki tarah banaya jata hai, yah is jagah ka vishesh bhojan raha hai. yahaan ke log bahar se ane vale mehamanoan ke lie isi bhojan ko parosate the. yahaan ke logoan ki ek kahavat adhik prachalit haian ki khanean ko mua, pairabai mean amoa is bat ka sanket deti hai ki sthaniy logoan mean mua aur amoa donoan kafi lokapriy raha hai. bhojan ke sanbandh mean anek lok manyataean prachalit haian:-

chait mithi chimari baisakh mitho matha
jeth mithi dobari asadh mithe latha.
savan mithi khir- khan d yadoan bhujean chana,
kvaanr mithi kokari lyab kori tor ke.
katik mithi koodee dahi daro mare koan.
agahan khav joonari muri niboo zor kean.
poos mithi khichari gur daro phor koan.
moanv mithi mithe po da ber phagun hora balean.
samai- samai ki mithi chizean sugar khabaiya khavean.

buandelakhandavasiyoan mean har mausam mean alag bhojan khane ka prachalan tha. ye log bhojan khane mean kabhi- kabhi kafi savadhani se kam lete haian. buandelakhand ke logoan mean ber ka bahut hi vishesh mahattv tha. yahaan ki ek kahavat hai

mukhean ber, aghane poan da ye log bhojan khane se pahale ber zaroor khate the.

kani ur bhala ki ani yahaan ke logoan ka manana tha ki kachche chaval ki noank bhale ki noank ke barabar hanikarak hoti hai.

buandelakhand ke logoan ke bhojan ka prabhav lok sanskriti par dikhaee deta tha. isalie vah log yah manate the ki jaisa bhojan kiya jaega, vaisa hi man hoga.

jaiso anajal khaiye, taisoee man hoye.
jaiso pani pijie, taisi bani hoy..

tesoo aur saanjhi ka khel

bachchoan ko kaise kalatmak gatividhiyoan dvara sanskarit karana hai, yah lok samuday achchhi tarah samajhata tha. shayad tabhi kuchh aise avasar jutaye gaye jinase balak balikaoan ko apani parampoan ka jnan ho sake. aise hi do avasar haian saanjhi aur tesoo ke khel. vaise to yah donoan khel adhikaansh uttar bharat mean lokapriy hai parantu buandelakhand mean inaki apani hi chhata hai.

tesoo aur saanjhi ki kahani

bahut sal pahale jangal ke kinare gaanv mean ek brahman apani putri ke sath rahata tha. us jangal mean ek rakshas bhi rahata tha. brahman ki rupavan kanya ko rakshas ne dekh liya aur us par mohit ho gaya. usane l daki se usaka parichay liya aur usake pita se milane ki ichchha prakat ki brahman bahut ghabaraya usane socha yah rakshas mana karane par bhi manane vala nahian hai. isase usane rakshas se kaha ki vivah to ho jayega. parantu kuchh rasmean poori karani p degi isaliye kuchh din ka samay lagega.

in dinoan brahman ki l daki jo khel gobar ki thapaliyoan se kheli vah saanjhi ya chanda taraiyaan kahalaya aur tabhi se saanjhi khelane ki parampara ka aranbh hua. kvar mah ke yah solah din solah shraddh ke din mane jate haian. aur solah din bitane par rakshas aya parantu brahman ke parivar vale nahian pahuanche. usane phir bahana banaya ki ab usaki l daki nau din mitti ke gaur banakar khelegi. rakshas nau din bad phir vapis ane ki kah kar chala gaya. tabhi se yah nau din naurata kahalaye aur in dinoan suata khelane ki pratha shuroo huee. nau din bhi khatm ho gaye, brahman ne usase kaha ab paanch din tum aur meri beti ghar-ghar bhikh maangoge tab sharad poornima ke din tumhari shadi ho sakegi, rakshas is bat ke liye bhi man gaya aur tabhi se dashahare se poornima tak us rakshas ke nam par tesoo aur brahman ki l daki ke nam par saanjhi maangane ki pratha ka aranbh hua.

is prakar jab bhikh maangate paanch din bit gaye aur brahman ke parivar ke log nahian aye to brahman ko koee rasta dikhaee nahian diya. sharad poornima ke din usane vivah nishchit kar diya. lekin vivah ke sadhe tin phere hi p de the ki brahman ke parivar ke log a gaye aur unhoanne us rakshas ko mar dala. unaki l daki ka adha vivah rakshas se ho chuka tha, isaliye use bhrasht man kar unhoanne use bhi mar dala isaliye tesoo aur saanjhi ka poora vivah nahian hone diya jata hai. unhean bich mean pho d diya jata hai. brahman ke bhaiyoan ne socha n unaka chhota bhaee ghar chho d kar bhagata aur n hian unake kul ko is prakar dag lagata isaliye unhoanne us brahman ko bhi mar dala. isiliye naurata mean mitti ke gaur banakar khela jane vala suata, tesoo ke vivah ke bad us brahman pita ke pratik suata ke roop mean pho d diya jata hai.

tesoo ka git	saanjhi ka git
tesoo bhaiya b de kasaee aankh pho d bandook chalaee sab bachchan se bhikh mangaee donoan mar ge log lugaee.	meri saanjhi bhog le bhog le aur ki saanjhi loy le log le meri saanjhi palaka lote lote aur ki saanjhi ghooro lete lete meri saanjhi pan khaye pan khaye aur ki saanjhi kutta ko kan khaye meri saanjhi palaka lote aur ki saanjhi tat odhe.

bundelakhand ki mahima

is kavita ke dvara buandelakhand ki mahima is prakar hai.

yah bundelakhand ki dharati hai, hire upajaya karati hai.
kalindi shashimukh ki veni, chambal, son khanakate kangana.
vindhy uroj sal ban aanchal, nirmal hansi doodhiya jharana.
ken, dhasan rajat kar dhauni, vetravati sa di ki siku dan.
dhoop chhaanh ki manahar aangiya, khajuraho vilas grih upavan.
pahin mukhar narmada paianjani, pag-pag sharmaya karati hai.
yah bundelakhand ki dharati, hire upajaya karati hai.

paramanand diya hi isane, yahian rashtrakavi hamane paya.
isi bhoomi se chal tulasi ne, dhar-dhar sitaram ramaya.
chitrakoot devagadh yahian par, pavan tirth prakriti rangashala.
jhaansi ke ran-bichi yahian par, dhadhaki pratham kranti ki jvala.
pichhean rahakar yah svadesh ko, neta de jaya karati hai.
yah bundelakhand ki dharati, hire upajaya karati hai.

buandelakhand ki kala

hamean aj bhi buandelakhand ke bite vaibhav ki jhalak ukt bhoomi par chhitaki huee pashan kal se prapt hoti hai. is kala ne buandelakhand ki bhoomi par kitana adar paya aur is kala ka yahaan kitana vikas hua, yah bat puratattv-visheshajnoan se chhipi huee nahian hai. buandelakhand se pragaitihasik kal ki adivasiyoan dvara pooji jane vali moortiyaan bhi prapt hoti haian. inaka mooly kala ki drishti se adhik nahian hai, kiantu moortikala ke adi roop ka inase achchha jnan prapt hota hai. ye moortiyaan bahut mayane rakhati haian aur amooly haian. buandelakhand ke any sthanoan mean pakke rang ki chitrakari bhi milati hai. in chitrakariyoan ka rang itana pakka hai ki ab tak kisi prakar bhoomi se mit nahian paya hai. in chitrakariyoan mean manushyoan aur gho doan ke bhadde chitr haian. shila-bhittiyoan par devara ke nikat gairik rang ke bane hue chitr manav prakriti ki adim anubhootiyoan ke sakshi haian. in chitroan mean pashuoan ka pradarshan kiya gaya hai.

ramayan tatha mahabharat ke svarn yugoan ki kala-kritiyoan ka sanbandh jahaan tak hai, buandelakhand ki kya sare bharat mean ve nahian ke barabar hai. yudhishthir ke sabha-bhavan ka nirman mahabharat yug mean jis kushalata se danav adi kalakaroan ne kiya tha, usaka varnan granthoan mean hi simit hai.

kalian aur khajuraho ki kala kritiyaan

tritiy shatabdi se teharavian shatabdi tak is praant mean us sthapaty kala ka srijan hua jo kalian aur khajuraho ki krittiyoan mean jivant roop mean aj bhi vartaman haian. kalian ki kala chandeli kal ki hai. khajuraho ki usase bhi pahale ki hai, khajuraho mean chini yatri huenasaang, jo ki harshavardhan ke rajy-kal mean aya tha, ne bhi mandir ka hona likha hai. khajuraho ka vishal mandir, devagadh ki vishnu moorti, datiya ka purana mahal, panna ka brihaspati kund, jatara ka madanasagar adi vastukala ke praman hai.

khajuraho mean bis mandiroan ke samooh ki kavi kalpana ki moortiyoan ko bana ke prithvi par utara gaya hai. is mandir ke bahar aur bhitar donoan or ki divaroan ko devataoan, apsaraoan, suandariyoan, vidyadharoan, yugal-mithunoan, gaj aur shardool ki sundar kala-kritiyoan se sajaya gaya hai. khajuraho ke shilpi anupam krititv haian, usaki nari pratimaean itani suandar haian ki unako dekh kar aisa lagata hai mano j d mean chetan apane sampoorn vaibhav ke sath jag utha ho. itana sammohan hai ki pashan mean jivan sapandan ka bhram hone lagata hai.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

sanbandhit lekh

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