बैलगाड़ी

thumb|300px|bailaga di bailaga di arthath 'ek aisi ga di jise bailoan dvara khiancha jata hai'. aj bhale hi manav ne bahut vikas kiya hai, aur ek se ek behatarin tatha tej chal vali ga diyaan adi banaee haian, lekin bailaga di ke mahattv ko nahian nakara ja sakata. bailaga di vishv ka sabase purana yatayat evan saman dhone ka sadhan hai. isaki banavat bhi kafi saral hoti hai. sthaniy karigar paramparagat roop se isaka nirman karate rahe haian. bharat mean to bailaga diyaan prachin samay se hi prayog mean ane lagi thian. bharatiy hindi filmoan mean bhi bailaga di ne apani vishisht jagah banaee aur kee yadagar gitoan ka hissa bani. yadyapi adhunik samay mean manav ne shighrata ke chalate tej gatiyoan vali anekoan ga diyoan ka nirman kiya hai, phir bhi vishv ke kee bhagoan mean bailaga diyaan ka saphar aj bhi jari hai.

prachin bharatiy parivahan ki ridh

vartaman samay mean bhale hi manav tezise vikas path par agrasar hai, jo kabil-e-tarif bhi hai, par srishti ke goodh rahasyoan ki khoj mean ham kahian n kahian apani prakriti se door hote ja rahe haian. adhunikata ki is dau d mean ham muanshi premachand ke 'hira-moti' ki jo di ke sath prachin bharatiy parivahan vyavastha ki ridh rahi bailaga di ko bhi khote ja rahe haian. ‘horre... hor, ava raja, bayean daba ke. na hor na. shabash… chala jhar ke. bah re bayaan… bang dee nahi re. are… are dehi ghuma ke sota. jia hamar lal, khat la khat la aj se khorak badhi….’ aj jo bhi manushy pachas se adhik varsh ke haian, ve janate haian ki bailaga di haankana aur gho de ki lagam thamane mean vahi antar tha, jo aj kar v bas ko chalane mean hai. yahi nahian chooanki unake andar bhi atma thi, atah is dauran unase uparokt sanvad bhi karane mean kamayab the. chadhaee,  dhalan v mo d par mahaj bagador se nahian, balki sanvad se bhi bailoan ka path pradarshan kiya jata tha. in par sahityakaroan v kaviyoan ne bhi khoob kalam chalaya hai.

adhunikata ka prabhav

ek daur tha, ki gaanvoan mean daravajoan par bandhe achchhe nasl ke gay-bailoan aur unaki tanduroosti se hi b de kastakaroan ki pahachan hoti thi. prachin bharatiy sanskriti isaki sakshat gavah hai ki krishna yug se hi pashudhan sada se hamare samajik pratik rahe haian. badalate parivesh mean ham itane ati adhunik ho gaye ki krishi mean kitanashakoan v rasayanoan ka jahar ghol diya hai, jisake phalasvaroop hamean jaivik rasayanoan ki taraf phir se lautana p d raha hai.thumb|250px|left|bailaga di par lak diyaan dhota vyakti hamean khud v apani mitti ko svasth rakhane ke lie gobar chahie, isaki khatir krishi vaijnanik kisanoan ko varmi kampost banane ki kala gaanv-gaanv ghoomakar sikha rahe haian. ek daur tha ki jutaee karate bailoan se svamev khetoan ko gobar mil jaya karata tha. khetoan mean kary karate bailoan ko ukasate hue kisan kahate the ki aj "khorak badhi beta", jo netaoan ke kore ashvasan nahian hote the, balki ghar vapasi ke bad bailoan ko chara-pani dene ke bad hi kisan bhojan karate the. badale mean in prakritik sansadhanoan se paryavaran sambandhi koee samasaya bhi nahian hoti thi. us vakt ham prakriti ke behad qarib the tatha gaveean samaj mean har-juath, heangi-paina jaise anekoan shabdoan ka prayog am tha. tamam kahavatean v muhavare prachalit the. jaise- gaangoo k heanga bhayal ba da, khaangal baile ho gila ka adi.

banavat

vaise to bailaga di desh ke vibhinn hissoan mean alag-alag roopoan mean milati hai. hariyana mean bhi bailaga di ke vibhinn roop dekhane ko milate haian. do bailoan vali ga diyoan mean lohe ke pahie hote the, jinhean khianchane ke lie bailoan ko bahut jor lagana p data tha. lohe ke pahiyoan ko tikani par phit karane ke lie shan lagaya jata tha. shan jab siku d jata tha, to bailaga di ke pahiyoan se galiyoan mean 'churr-chooan-churr-chooan' ki avaz sunaee deti thi. rab d ke tayar lagi bailaga di banane ke bad logoan ne do ke sthan par ek bail ka prayog karana shuroo kar diya. vahian shan ka sthan bhi bairiang ne le liya. pahiyoan v tikani ke bich bairiang lagane se bail asani se bailaga di ko khianch sakate haian. bailaga di ko 'ga da', 'buggi' v 'reh doo' adi namoan se bhi jana jata hai. bailaga di ke nirman mean tikani ya dhuri par ek chauras lak di ki badi banaee jati hai. badi mean ph d v ph d par jua lagaya jata hai, jisamean bailoan ko jo da jata hai. jue mean lak di ki simal v simal mean bailoan ko jo date hue jot lagaee jati hai aur adar par baithakar bailaga di chalaee jati hai.

ajivika ka sadhan

thumb|250px|bailaga di vah samay bhi b da pyara tha, jab hira-moti ki jo di khetoan ke sath marg ki bhi shan hua karati thi. ek se ek dizain vali bailaga diyaan hua karati thian, jin par log garvapoorvak savari karate the. vahian malavahak bailaga diyaan behad majaboot v b di hoti thian. purane samay mean jabaki parivahan ke itane sadhan upalabdh nahian the, jitane ki aj haian, tab bailaga diyaan kisi manav ke lie ajivika ka mukhy srot hua karati thian. yahi bailaga diyaan prachin bharatiy parivahan vyavastha ki ridh mani jati thian. us dauran ek tabaka isase ju dakar apana v poore parivar ka bharan-poshan karata tha. ab hamari vikas ki dau d itani tej ho gee hai ki hamare pas itana mauka nahian hai ki yah dekh sakean ki isaki disha v dasha sahi bhi hai ya nahian. niahsandeh hamane bahut tezise vikas kiya hai, magar isaki dasha v disha nirdharit karane mean aj bhi ham chook rahe haian.

filmoan mean sthan

sinema jagat mean kee filmoan mean bailaga di ko mahatvapoorn sthan diya gaya hai. bailaga di ko jivant roop mean prastut kiya gaya hai. vasu bhattachary ki film 'tisari kasam' ki poori kahani bailaga di ke ird-gird hi ghoomati hai. is film ke sabhi gane bailaga di mean hi filmae ge the. patr 'hiraman' bailaga di mean baitha ga raha hai- "sajan re jhooth mat bolo, khuda ke pas jana hai, n hathi hai n gho da hai, vahaan paidal hi jana hai"; "duniya banane vale, kya tere man mean samaee, kahe ko duniya banaee". isi tarah isi film ka gana "sajanava bairi ho ge hamar, karamava bairi ho ge hamar, chitthiyaan ho to har koee baanche, bhag n baanche koe" bhi bailaga di par hi hiraman gata pratit hota hai. mahanh filmakar vimal ray ki film 'do bigha zamin' v 'devadas' mean bhi bailaga di ki apani ahamiyat hai. any filmean 'ashirvad' v 'git gata chal' mean bailaga di ko vishesh sthan diya gaya hai. 'rashtriy film vikas nigam' dvara banaee gee ek film mean to film ki shurooat hi bailaga di mean baithe ek bujurg se ki gee hai.

lupt hone ka sankat

yadi aj sthitiyaan aisi hi rahian to kya bailagadi़yaan aur bailoan ki jodi़yaan dekhane ko mil payeangi? vakt ke thape doan se do-char bailaga di svami bas bujurgoan ki nishani man kar ise jivit rakhe hue haian, anyatha agami pidhi kab ki bailaga di ki thamati raphtar ko bhula chuka hoti. kar ki raphtar ke samane bailaga di raphtar mand p d chuki hai. taiktar ne bailoan ki jagah sthan le liya hai. pashu taskari v maans ke global bijanes ne bailoan ko asamay kal ke gal mean dhakel diya hai. thumb|250px|bailaga di am adami ki savari kahe jane vali yah ga di ab gaanvoan se gayab hoti ja rahi hai. gramin visheshakar kisan bojha dhone, kheti ke kary ke lie akasar do bailoan ki ga di ka hi prayog karate the. kisanoan v graminoan ke lie isase sasta vahan kuchh bhi nahian tha. qarib tin dashak pahale tak kisanoan ke lagabhag doosare ya tisare gharoan mean bhi ye ga di dekhane ko milati thi, kisan inaka prayog kheti ke kamoan, vyavasayik zarooratoan ko poora karane v saphar ka anand lene ke lie karate the. lekin mashinikaran ka yug ane ke karan dhire-dhire do bailoan ki ga di ab lagabhag gayab ho gee hai. yah nahian hai ki gaanvoan mean vartaman yug mean bailaga di dekhane ko nahian milati, bailaga di to hai, lekin bailaga di mean do ki bajay ek hi bail dekhane ko milata hai. ise badalate parivesh ka natija kahean ya kuchh or. do bailoan ki ga di kam hone ka ek karan traiktar mana ja raha hai, vahian mahangaee bhi isaka ek karan hai. mahangaee badhane se bailoan ki kimat bhi asaman chhoone lagi hai.

pashu taskari

kabhi kviantaloan vajan ladakar shan se chalati bailoan ki jo di aj khud pashu taskaroan ke trakoan mean thuansi lachar aankhoan se jan ki bhikh maangati najar ati hai. adhunik parivahan ke sansadhanoan ki pradooshit gaisoan ne jahaan logoan ko rog grast kar paryavaran ka bantadhar kiya hai, vahian bailoan ki tootati parampara ne khetoan ko rasayanik khadoan ki tapati jvar mean jhoank diya hai, jisane vyakti ke svasth ko dimak ki tarah chat kar jinda lash bana diya hai. aj yadi samay rahate ham n sanbhale to bail tatha bailaga di matr atit ka ek hissa banakar rah jayeange. sath mean bhagavan shiv ki savari bhi itihas ke pannoan mean daphan ho jayegi. vah vakt bhi ane vala hai ki bailoan ko dekhane ke lie hamean chidi़yagharoan ki aur mukh karana hoga. ane vali nasloan ko bail v bailaga di dikhane ke lie kitaboan v muanshi premachand ke 'hira-moti' ka darshan kalpana ke sahare karana hoga.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

bahari k diyaan

• bailaga di
• bas yad mean hi n rah jae bailaga di