बोधिसत्व

mahatma buddh 'shaky' gotr ke the aur unaka vastavik nam 'siddharth' tha . unaka janm luanbini, kapilavastu (shaky mahajanapad ki rajadhani) mean hua tha . luanbini mean, jo dakshin madhy nepal mean hai, maharaj ashok ne tisari shatabdi eesa poorv ek stambh nirmit karavaya tha. yah stambh 'buddh' ke gunagan ke vishay mean hai.

parichay

1. REDIRECTsaancha:inhean bhi dekhean

siddharth ke pita shuddhodan shakyoan ke raja the. manyata ke anusar siddharth ki maan unake janm ke kuchh der bad hi mar gayi thi . kaha jata hai ki ek rrishi ne siddharth se milakar bhavishyavani ki vah ya to ek mahanh raja baneange, ya ek mahanh sant . yah sunakar raja shuddhodan ne siddharth ko duahkhoan se door rakhane ka pratyek sambhav prayas kiya . kiantu 29 varsh ki ayu mean unaki drishti char drishyoan par p di (sanskrit chatur nimitt) -

1. ek boodhe apahij adami,
2. ek bimar adami,
3. ek murajhati huee lash,
4. ek sadhu .

yah dekhakar siddharth samajh gaye ki sabaka janm hota hai, sab boodhe hote haian, bimar hote haian aur aant mean ek din sabaki mrityu hoti hai . unhoannean apana sab kuchh chho dakar sadhu jivan apana liya taki ve isaka koee uttar khoj paean .

siddharth ne paanch brahmanoan ke sath apane prashnoan ke uttar dhooandhane prarambh kiye kiantu unhean uttar nahian mile . phir unhoanne tapasya ki .tapasya karate karate chhah varsh bad unhean saphalata nahian mili. unhoanne 'ashtaang marg' dhooandh nikala, jo madhyam marg bhi kaha jata hai kyoanki yah marg tapasya aur asanyam ki parakashthaoan ke madhy mean hai . apane sharir mean shakti ke liye, unhoanne bakari ka doodh le ve ek pipal ke pe d (jo ab 'bodhi vriksh' kahalata hai) ke niche baith kar pratijna ki ki ve saty jane bina nahian utheange . 35 varsh ki ayu par, unhoanne 'bodhi' paee aur ve buddh ban gaye . unaka pahala dharmopadesh varanasi ke pas saranath mean tha.

buddh bhav

1. REDIRECTsaancha:inhean bhi dekhean

'buddh' vah kahe jate haian,jinhoanne saloan ke dhyan ke bad yatharthata ka 'saty bhav' pahachan liya ho . is pahachan ko 'bodhi' nam diya gaya hai . jo 'ajnanata ki niand' se jagate haian, vah hi 'buddh' kahe jate haian . manyata hai ki buddh shakyamuni keval ek buddh haian . bauddh dharm ka antim lakshy hai 'duahkh bhari sthiti ka aant' . buddh ne kaha - 'maian keval ek hi padarth sikhata hooan - duahkh aur duahkh nirodh' - buddh . bauddh dharm ke anuyayi ashtaang marg ke anusar jivan jikar duahkh se mukti aur nirvan pane ka prayatn karate haian .

char ary saty

1. REDIRECTsaancha:inhean bhi dekhean

bauddh dharm ke anusar char ary saty haian-

1. duahkh - is jivan mean sab kuchh duahkh hai . janm, budhapa, bimari, mrityu, priy se doori, sab mean duahkh hi nihit hai .
2. duahkh praranbh - trishna aur ichchha, duahkh ka karan haian aur phir se sansar mean avagaman ko banaye rakhati hai .
3. duahkh nirodh - trishna se mukt hokar duahkh nirodh paya ja sakata hai .
4. duahkh nirodh ka marg - ashtaang marg ke anusar jivan jine se trishna se mukti payi ja sakati hai .

• unaka pahala dharmopadesh varanasi ke pas saranath mean hua tha, jo unhoannean apane sath ke kuchh sadhuoan ko diya tha, usamean in char ary satyoan ka hi jnan tha .

marg

gautam buddh kahate the ki char ary saty ki satyata ka nishchay karane ke lie is marg ka anusaran karana chahie-

1. samyak drishti - char ary saty mean vishvas karana chahie. ise yatharth ko samajhane ki drishti bhi kahate haian. samyak drishti ka arth hai ki ham jivan ke duahkh aur sukh ka sahi avalokan karean aur ary satyoan ko samajhean.
2. samyak sankalp - manasik aur naitik vikas ke lie pratijnabaddh hona chahie. jivan mean sankalpoan ka bahut mahattv hai. yadi duahkh se chhutakara pana ho to dridh nishchay kar lean ki ary marg par chalana hai.
3. samyak vak - hanikarak batean aur jhooth nahian bolana chahie. jivan mean vani ki pavitrata aur satyata hona avashyak hai. yadi vani mean pavitrata aur satyata nahian hai to duahkh nirmit hone mean zyada samay nahian lagata.
4. samyak karm - sad karm karane chahie. karm chakr se chhootane ke lie acharan ki shuddhi hona zaroori hai. acharan ki shuddhi krodh, dvesh aur durachar adi ka tyag karane se prapt hoti hai.
5. samyak jivika - spashtatah ya aspashtatah koee bhi anaitik vyapar nahian karana chahie. yadi ap doosaroan ka hak marakar ya any kisi anyayapoorn upay se jivan ke sadhan juta rahe haian to isaka parinam bhi milega isilie nyayapoorn jivikoparjan avashyak hai.
6. samyak prayas - sadaiv svayan ko sudharane ka prayas karana chahie. aisa prayatn karean jisase shubh ki utpatti aur ashubh ka nirodh ho aur jivan mean shubh ke lie nirantar prayas karate rahana chahie.
7. samyak smriti - spasht jnan se yukt drishtikon v manasik yogyata prapt karane ka prayatn karana chahie jisase chitt mean ekagrata ka bhav ata hai sharirik tatha manasik bhog-vilas ki vastuoan se svayan ko door rakhana chahie. ekagrata se vichar aur bhavanaean sthir hokar shuddh bani rahati haian.
8. samyak samadhi - nirvan prapt karane ko prayasarat rahana aur svayan ke astitv ko mita dena chahie. uparokt sat marg ke abhyas se chitt ki ekagrata dvara 'nirvikalp prajna' ki anubhooti hoti hai. yah 'samadhi' hi dharm ki rah hai.

bauddh dharm ki visheshataean

1. REDIRECTsaancha:inhean bhi dekhean

• is jagath mean sab kuchh kshanik aur nashvar hai . kuchh bhi sthayi nahian .
• atma nam ki koee sthayi vastu nahian hai, jise ham atma samajhate haian, vah chetana ka avichchhinn pravah hai .
• buddh eeshvar ki satta nahian manate kiantu any jagah buddh ne sarvochch saty ko avarnaniy kaha hai . kuchh devataoan ki satta mani gayi haih.
• shoonyatavad mahayan bauddh sanpraday ka pradhan darshan hai.
• bauddh dharm mean do mukhy sampraday haian -

1. theravad - theravad ya hinayan buddh ke maulik upadesh hi manata hai .
2. mahayan - mahayan buddh ki pooja karata hai . ye theravadiyoan ko "hinayan" (chhoti ga di ) kahate haian .

• ajanta ke satavahanakalin chitroan mean stoop, bodhivriksh adi pratik chihn drashtavy hai.
• mahatma buddh ki ukti hai –

'sabbe bhavva dukhkha anichcha viparinamadhamma' - aanguttar nikay, (pali sahity)arthath sampoorn sansar anity duahkhasvaroop evan viparit parinamoan se yukt hai.

nirvan ka svaroop

bauddh darshan mean 'nirvan' ko shant ho jana batalaya hai. shaman kaha gaya hai. yah shaman vasanaoan ka shaman hai dukhoan ka nirodh hai. is prakar nirvan karm evan punarjanm ki shrriankhala ke pare hai. yah param shanti ki avastha hai. jahaan sabhi sanskaroan ka kshay ho gaya hai. mahayan bauddh mean nirvan ko anand svaroop bhi batalaya gaya hai. bauddh darshan mean nirvan ko isi deh evan jivan mean praptavy mana gaya hai. is prakar mukti ke prakaroan mean jivanamukti evan videhamukti donoan ko manate haian.

buddh parampara

buddhoan ki parampara mean gautam buddh ke poorv chh: buddh aur bhi mane gaye haian, kintu kalantar mean chaubis poorv buddhoan ki manyata adhik hai. hinayan ke anusar buddh brahm lok ke devataoan se bhi ooanche mane gaye kintu mahayan mean buddh ko brahm ke saman sthan diya gaya evan manavi ke roop mean dhyani buddh ki kalpana ki gee, sath hi yah dharana prabal huee ki manavi athava manushi buddh samany manushy ki tarah prithvi par janm lekar lok-kalyan adi kary samapt kar jan-samany ki hi tarah nirvan (mrityu) prapt karate haian.

pratik

buddh ke jivan ki pramukh ghatanaoan se sanbandhit pratik nimn haian :-

1. shvet hasti (janm pratik)- aisi manyata hai ki 'bodhisatv' ke janm se poorv unaki mata mayadevi ko svapn mean 'shvet hasti' ka darshan hua tha, jisane unake udar mean pravesh kiya. yah sampoorn ghatanakram 'ajanta ki guphaoan' mean chitrit hai.
2. pady (janm pratik) - aisi manyata hai ki 'bodhisatv' ne janm ke turant bad hi sat padyoan par sat pag rakhe the. sanbhavat: yah satoan pady saptalok ke pratik hai. yah bhi ajanta gupha mean chitrit hai.
3. ashv (mahabhinishkraman) - yah ghatana bodhisatv dvara saty ki khoj mean grih-tyag ke samay se sanbandhit hai. bauddh dharmanusar us samay bodhisatv ashv par savar the tatha unake oopar chhatr bhi tha. at: hinayan kala mean 'mahabhinishkraman' ki ghatana darshane hetu chhatr se susajjit ashv dikhaya gaya hai.
4. bodhivriksh (buddhatv ke pratik) - bodhisatv ne gaya (bihar) mean bodhivriksh ki chhaya mean tap karake buddhatv prapt kiya tha.kalantar mean bodhivriksh dhvaj, mala adi se alankrit kiya jane laga.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh