ब्रजभाषा में तद्‌भव और तत्सम शब्द

dvitiy charan ke brajabhasha sahity ke paanch bindu atyant sanlakshy roop se dikhaee dete p date haian.
(1) tadbhav aur tatsam shabdoan ka ek aisa sahaj santulan milata hai, jisamean tatsam shabd bhi brajabhasha ki prakriti mean dhale dikhate haian, adhikatar to ve arddh-tatsam roop mean. ‘pratit’ ke lie ‘paratiti’ jabaki isake sath-sath tadbhav roop ‘patiyabo’ bhi milata hai, jaise tatsam pratipadakoan mean nee nam dhatuean banakar ‘abhilash’ se ‘abhilakhat’ ya ‘anurag’ se ‘anuragat’. is avadhi mean samanantar tatsam aur tadbhav shabdoan ke arthakshetr bhi kuchh n kuchh spashtat: vyatireki ho ge haian. jab nakh-shikh ki bat kareange, tab ‘nah’ ka prayog nahian kareange aur jab dasoan nah ka prayog kareange, tab ‘nakh’ vahaan prayukt nahian hoga.
thumb|hindi varnamala (2)moolakriya aur sadhit kriya roopoan ki is kal mean prachurata yah iangit karati hai ki is kal ke sahity mean vyaparoan ki vividhata ko sookshmata se nirakhane ki koshish ki gee hai. adhunik hindi mean to shuddh kriya roop ya kriya-sadhit roop kam ho gaye haian. isamean vicharat ki jagah par vichar karana hi adhik grahy roop hai. is kal ki brajabhasha mean samast kriyapad, mishr kriyapad (sanjna+hokar) jaise to milate haian, ‘kar’ ke sath kriya pad nahian milate ya bahut viral haian.
(3)isi kal mean hindi ka muhavara vikasit hua, jaise-

jadapi tev tum janat unaki too mohi kahi avai.
prat hot mere alak ladaitahian makhan roti bhavai.

[[chitr:Tulsidas.jpg|thumb|gosvami tulasidas]] ‘too mohi kahi avai’ mean kahane ki lachari aur kahane ki avashyakata donoan ek hi ukti mean vyakt karane ka upay dhooandh liya gaya hai athava nimnalikhit prayog mean ‘nain nachay kahian musakay lala phir aiyo khelan hori’, mean ek sath has-parihas, chunauti aur ullas tinoan ki abhivyakti ‘phiri aiyo khelan hori’ ke dvara ki gee hai.
(4)sarthak shabd chayan mean kushalata apane charam par pahuanch gee hai, jaise tulasidas ki is pankti mean-‘kahe ram ras n rahat’ mean anubhav ke anupat mean kahane ke phikepan ki abhivyakti jitane ‘kahe ras n rahat se ho sakati hai’ utane any kisi ukti-khand se nahian ya sooradas ke prasiddh pad mean radha ke sandesh ko jahaan is roop mean kaha gaya hai, ‘tumhari bhavati kahian’ vahaan ‘bhavati’ ka chayan priya ki apeksha, pyari ki apeksha adhik sarthak hai, kyoanki bhavati mean do-do abhivyanjanayean ek sath haian-bhav ke anukool aur ‘bhavatiy’ radha mean donoan samarthy hai. ve shrikrishna ke bhav mean hi doobi huee haian aur stri roop n hokar shrikrishna ke bhav ka hi vigrah hai.
(5)antim bindu yah hai ki is kal ki bhasha mean byaura prastut karate samay bahut sanyam se kam liya gaya hai. arthath savadhani se bhav-bodhak byaure hi chunakar rakhe gaye haian aur kuchh shabd ya abhidhan kendrabhoot hokar ke sthapit ho ge haian. unase ashulipi ki bhasha ka kam liya jata hai. doosare shabdoan mean ham kah sakate haian ki purane kavisamayoan aur naye kavisamayoan ki udabhavana kalpana ke sath ki gee hai, jaise sooradas ki is pankti mean-

‘chali chakee vah charan sarovar jahaan rain nahian hoi’

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh