ब्रज एक अद्‌भुत संस्कृति -आदित्य चौधरी

50px|right|link=| 20px|link=http://www.facebook.com/bharatdiscovery|fesabuk par bharatakosh (nee shuruat) bharatakosh 20px|link=http://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100000418727453|fesabuk par adity chaudhari adity chaudhari ‘braj’ ek adh‌bhut sanskriti -adity chaudhari yamuna|center|780px           braj ka zikr ate hi jo sabase pahali avaz hamari smriti mean ati hai, vah hai ghatoan se takarati huee yamuna ki laharoan ki avaz… krishna ke sath-sath khelakar yamuna ne buddh aur mahavir ke pravachanoan ko sakshat unhian ke mukh se apani laharoan ko tham kar suna… fahyan ki chini bhasha mean kahe gaye mo-to-lo (moroan ka nrity sthal ‘mathura’) ko bhi samajh liya aur plini ke ‘jomanes’ uchcharan ko bhi… yamuna ki ye laharean rasakhan aur rahim ke dohoan par jhoomi haian… soor aur mira ke padoan par nachi haian… lekin mahamood gazanavi ke narasanhar se raktabh huee ye yamuna ki sahami huee laharoan ko miyaan tanasen ki to di se kitani rahat mili thi yah to yamuna hi jane… badashah akabar ke banavaye hue ghatoan ko abhi achchhi tarah pakhar bhi n payi thi yamuna… ki ahamad shah abdali ne in laharoan ko brajavasiyoan ke rakt se sane usake sipahiyoan ke hathoan ko dhone par majaboor kiya… yah sab to chalata hi raha sath hi sath yamuna ne hi janm diya braj-sanskriti ko…right|250px           braj ki sanskriti ke sath hi 'braj' shabd ka chalan bhakti andolan ke dauran poore charam par pahuanch gaya. chaudahavian-pandrahavian shatabdi ki krishna bhakti ki vyapak lahar ne braj shabd ki pavitrata ko jan-jan mean poorn roop se pracharit kar diya. soor, miraan (mira) aur rasakhan ke bhajan to jaise aj bhi braj ke vatavaran mean gooanjate rahate haian. krishna bhakti mean aisa kya hai jisane miraan se rajasi rahan-sahan chhu dava diya aur soor ki rachanaoan ki gaharaee ko janakar vishv bhar mean is vishay par hi shodh hota raha ki soor vastav mean drishtihin the bhi ya nahian. sangit visheshajnoan ki ek dharana yah bhi hai ki braj mean solah hazar rag raganiyoan ka nirman hua tha. jinhean krishna ki raniyaan bhi kaha jata hai.150px|right|border|buddh pratima           ...kahate haian ki astha ke prashnoan ke uttar itihas mean nahian khoje jate lekin astha janm deti hai sanskriti ko aur sanskriti ke sthayitv se hi janm leti hai koee mahanh sabhyata. duniya bhar mean nadiyoan ne hamean anek mahanh sabhyataean di haian. sindhu nadi ne di ‘sindhu-ghati sabhyata’ (h dappa aur muan-jo-da do). sindhu sabhyata ki prachin lipi padhi to nahian ja saki lekin us lipi ke apane ap mean poorn aur unnat hone par sabhi vidvanh sahamat haian. maisopotamiyaan aur h dappa mean vyaparik sanbandh kitane vyavasthit the isaki kahani anek muharaband parsaloan par lagi muharean kahati haian. nil nadi (misri bhasha mean ‘iteroo’) ne di ‘misr ki sabhyata’ jahaan faraoonoan ke banavaye adh‌bhut pirॅmidoan ko dekhakar jo saval mastishk mean ate haian unaka uttar itihasakaroan aur vaijnanikoan ke pas bhi nahian hai.           ganga aur yamuna ne bhi hamean sabhyata aur sanskriti di haian. magadh sabhyata mean janme samrat chandragupt maury aur devanampriyan ashok (asok) ganga se upaji sabhyata ki den haian. yamuna ki den hai mahabharat kalin sabhyata aur braj ka ‘prachinatam prajatantr’ jisake lie buddh ne mathura pravas ke samay apane priy shishy (unake bhaee aur vaidy bhi) ‘anand’ se kaha tha ki 'yah (mathura) adi rajy hai, jisane apane liye mahasammat (raja) chuna tha.' yadi itihas ki bat karean to ashok mahanh ke hi samatuly raja kanishk ne purushapur (peshavar) aur mathura mean apani rajadhani banaee. kushan vanshiy kanishk ne kala, sahity, darshan adi ko paryapt sanrakshan diya. yahi sanrakshan ek samany shasak ko ‘mahan shasak’ ke roop mean pahachan dilata hai.           yamuna ki den yah sanskriti ab ‘braj sanskriti’ kahalati hai. ‘braj’ shabd se abhipray samanyat: mathura zila aur usake as-pas ka kshetr samajha jata hai. vaidik sahity mean braj shabd ka prayog pray: pashuoan ke samooh, unake charagah (charane ke sthan) ya unake bade़ ke arth mean hai. ramayan, mahabharat aur samakalin sanskrit sahity mean samanyat: yahi arth 'braj' ka sandarbh hai. 'sthan' ke arth mean braj shabd ka upayog puranoan mean gahe-bagahe aya hai, vidvanh manate haian ki yah gokul ke liye prayukt hai. koshakaroan ne braj ke tin arth likhe haian - (gayoan ka khirak), marg aur vriand (jhuand) - goshthadhvanivaha vraj:. isase bhi gayoan se sanbandhit sthan ka hi bodh hota hai. sayan ne samanyat: 'vraj' ka arth goshth kiya hai. goshth ke do prakar haian :- 'khirak’- vah sthan jahaan gayean, bail, bachh de adi ko baandha jata hai aur doosara hai ‘gochar bhoomi’- jahaan gayean charati haian. in sab se bhi gayoan ke sthan ka hi bodh hota hai. is sanskrit shabd ‘vraj’ se braj bhasha ka shabd ‘braj’ bana hai. gayoan ka palan braj mean prachin kal se hota hai. sankarshan (krishna ke bhaee balaram) ne kaha bhi hai ki braj ki bhoomi gayoan ke atyadhik vicharan se upajaoo nahian rahi hai. go-pal, go-vardhan adi sabhi shabd gay se hi sanbandhit haian. mahabharat ke adiparv mean aya hai ki mathura ati sundar gayoan ke lie un dinoan prasiddh thi.baldev mean holi|border|right|300px           braj mean hi svami haridas ka jivan, 'ek hi vastr aur ek mitti ka karava' niyam palan mean bita aur inaka gayan sunane ke lie raja maharaja bhi kutiya ke dvar par asan jamae ghantoan baithe rahate the. baijoobavara, tanasen, nayak bakhshoo (dhrupad-dhamar prasiddhi) jaise amar sangitakaroan ne sangit ki seva braj mean rahakar hi ki thi. ashtachhap kaviyoan ke alava bihari, amir khusaro, bhooshan, ghananand adi braj-bhasha ke kavi, sahity mean amar haian. braj bhasha ke sahityik prayog ke udaharan maharashtr mean terahavian shatabdi mean ‘mahanubhav sanpraday’ dvara milate haian. bad mean unnisavian shati tak gujarat, asam, manipur, keral tak bhi sahityik brajabhasha ka prayog hua. braj bhasha ke prayog ke bina shastriy gayan ki kalpana karana bhi asanbhav hai. aj bhi filmoan ke gitoan mean madhurata lane ke lie braj bhasha ka hi prayog hota hai. braj bhasha mean jin shabdoan ka prayog hota hai ve ya to brajabhasha mean milate haian ya phir sanskrit mean. hindi mean in shabdoan ka prayog nahian hai jaise pokhar, bijana, kandiya adi. brajabhasha sanskrit hindi pokhar pushkar talab bijana vyajanamh‌ hath ka pankha kandiya kandol: tokari           pauranik granthoan mean mathura ke anek ullekh haian. varah puran mean aya hai- vishnu kahate haian ki is prithivi ya antariksh ya patal lok mean koee aisa sthan nahian hai jo mathura ke saman mujhe pyara ho- mathura mera prasiddh kshetr hai aur muktidayak hai, isase badhakar mujhe koee any sthal nahian lagata. padm puran mean aya hai- 'mathurak nam vishnu ko atyant priy hai'. harivansh puran mean mathura ka sundar varnan kiya hai: 'mathura madhy-desh ka kakud (arthath atyant mahattvapoorn sthal) hai, yah lakshmi ka nivas-sthal hai, ya prithivi ka shrriang hai. isake saman koee any nahian hai aur yah prabhoot dhan-dhany se poorn hai.'           braj ki manyataean aur kahavatean khasi dilachasp haian “mathura ki beti gokul ki gay. karam phootai tau anat jay”. isase sidha arth yahi nikalata hai ki braj-kshetr ki betiyoan ka vivah braj mean hi hone ki parampara thi aur gokul ki gayoan ko bhi gokul se bahar bhejane ki parampara nahian thi. chooanki putri ko 'duhita' kaha gaya hai arthath gay duhane aur goo seva karane vali. isalie beti goo ki seva se vanchit ho jati hai aur gayoan ki seva braj jaisi hona bahar kathin hai. vriddh hone par gayoan ko katava bhi diya jata tha, jo braj mean sanbhav nahian tha. braj ke sant aksar kaha karate the ki ‘brajahian chho d baikuanthu n jihoan’. (braj ko chho d kar svarg ke anand bhogane ka man bhi nahian hota.) ‘manus hoan to vahi rasakhan, basoan braj gokul gaanv ki gvaran’. is prakar ke anek udaharan haian jo braj ko adbhut banate haian. braj ke santoan ne aur brajavasiyoan ne to kabhi moksh ki kamana bhi nahian ki kyoanki braj mean ih lila ke samapt hone par brajavasi, braj mean hi vriksh ka roop dharan karata hai arthath brajavasi mrityu ke pashchath svargavasi n hokar brajavasi hi rahata hai aur yah kram anant kal se chal raha hai. aisi anokhi manyata hai braj ki.kambojika|200px|right           shoorasen desh (mahajanapad) ki mukhy nagari ‘mathura’ ke vishay mean koee vaidik sanket nahian prapt hua hai kintu ee.poo. paanchavian shatabdi se isaka astitv siddh ho chuka hai. aanguttaranikay evan majjhim mean aya hai ki buddh ke ek mahanh shishy mahakachyayan ne mathura mean apane guru ke siddhantoan ki shiksha di. maigasthaniz sambhavat: mathura ko janata tha aur isake sath hareklij ke sambandh se bhi parichit tha. 'mathur' shabd jaimini ke poorv mimaansasootr mean bhi aya hai. yadyapi panini ke sootroan mean spasht roop se 'mathura' shabd nahian aya hai, kintu varanadi-gan mean isaka prayog milata hai. kintu panini ko vasudev, arjun, yadavoan ke andhak-vrishni log, sambhavat: govind bhi jnat the. braj kshetr jo kabhi shoorasen janapad tha usake namakaran ke sanbandh mean vidvanoan ke anek mat haian kintu koee bhi sarvamany nahian hai. shatrughn ke putr shoorasen ke nam par namakaran sanbhav nahian lagata kyoanki valmiki ramayan mean sitaharan ke bad sugriv ne vanaroan ko sita ki khoj mean uttar disha mean bheja to shatabali aur vanaroan se kaha- 'uttar mean mlechchh' pulind, shoorasen, prasthal , bharat (indraprasth aur hastinapur ke asapas ke prant), kuru (kurudesh) (dakshin kuru- kurukshetr ke asapas ki bhoomi), madr, kamboj, yavan, shakoan ke deshoan evan nagaroan mean bhali bhaanti anusandhan karake darad desh mean aur himalay parvat par dhooandho. isase spasht hai ki shatrughn ke putr se pahale hi 'shoorasen' janapad nam astitv mean tha. haihayavanshi kartaviry arjun ke sau putroan mean se ek ka nam shoorasen tha aur usake nam par yah shoorasen rajy ka namakaran hone ki sanbhavana bhi hai, kintu haihayavanshi kartaviry arjun ka mathura se koee sidha sanbandh hona spasht nahian hai. mahabharat ke samay mean mathura shoorasen desh ki prakhyat nagari thi. lavanasur (madhu ke putr) ke vadhoparaant shatrughn ne is nagari ko pun: basaya tha.           braj ki kala ke anek ayam haian. jinamean moortikala to nishchay hi bejo d hai. bauddh bhikshu yashadinn jaise moortikaroan ki bemisal kritiyaan rashtrapati bhavan, fraans ke sangrahalay musi gyumit aur rajakiy sangrahalay mathura mean surakshit haian. adh‌bhut bat yah hai ki yashadinn ne keval tin moortiyaan hi banaeean aur tinoan ek hi jaisi. in adamaqad akar se bhi b di moortiyoan mean buddh ko paradarshi chivar pahane dikhaya gaya hai. mathuri moortikala, jo gaandhar moortikala ka bhi roop hai, braj kshetr mean apane poore utkarsh par rahane ke bavajood bhi n jane kab aur kahaan gum ho gayi? ve moortikar kahaan chale gaye aur koee bhi aisa nishan nahian chho d gaye ki jisase unake lupt hone ka karan pata chalata ?           mathura mean pura-utkhanan ka kary mukhy roop se ek alekzeandar kaniangham ne 1871 aur 1882-83 mean karaya. alekzeandar kaniangham ne bharat ke puratattv vibhag ke nideshak ke roop mean 1870 se 1885 ee. tak kam kiya. is utkhanan ne anek rahasy khol die jinake bare mean 1874 ke daur mean mathura ke kalॅktar ef es grauz ne ‘mathura a distrikt mॅmoir’ mean bahut khoobasoorat dhang se ullekh kiya hai. govindadev ji, vrindavan|border|right|300px           mathura mean mili rajvul ki raj mahishi ‘kambojika’ ki khoobasoorat moorti mathuri, gaandhar aur yavan kala ke mel ka adh‌bhut namoona hai. kambojika ki shan mean hi rajvul (rajabul ya bad mean rajul bhi) ne aitihasik sianh shirsh (Lion Capitol) lagavaya tha jo ab landan ke sangrahalay mean surakshit hai.           braj mean vastukala ke bhi vilakshan prayog hue haian. jinamean uttar-bharat mean vastushaili ka utkrishtatam srijan vriandavan ka govindadev ji mandir hai. is mandir ke nirman mean uttar aur dakshin bharat ki hindoo mandir nirman shaili, jayapur-rajasthani shaili, mugal shaili, yoonani shaili aur gothik shaili ka prayog hua hai. badashah akabar ne bhi is mandir ke nirman ke lie lal patthar bhijavaya tha. kahate haian ki yah sat manzil ka tha kintu ab char hi bachi haian. govardhan mean haradev mandir, vrindavan mean jugal kishor, radha vallabh, gopinath aur madanamohan mandir ki ganana prachin mandiroan mean hoti hai kintu ab in mandiroan mean dharmik paryatak nahian ate keval itihas aur puratatv mean ruchi rakhane vale paryatak hi ate haian. chaitany mahaprabhu ke shishyoan-jiv gosvami, roop gosvami aur sanatan gosvami ne vriandavan mean in mandiroan ka nirman karane mean mahatvapoorn bhoomika nibhaee. ye sabhi mandir aurangazeb ke shasan mean uja de aur to de gaye, sath hi vriandavan ka nam ‘momina bad’ aur mathura ka nam ‘islamabad’ kar diya gaya.           mathura mean sabase prachin aur vishalatam mandir keshavadev ji ka tha. is mandir ke avashesh bhi ab maujood nahian haian. yah sthan lagabhag vahi hai jahaan aj krishna janmabhoomi hai. eesa poorv sanh 80-57 ke mahakshatrap saudas (shodas athava shodas) ke samay ke ek brahmi lipi shilalekh se jnat hota hai ki kisi vasu namak vyakti ne shrikrishna janmasthan par ek mandir toran dvar aur vedika ka nirman karaya tha. dobara yah mandir guptakal mean bana jo mahamood gazanavi ka kopabhajan bana. tisari bar gyarahavian shatabdi mean bana jise ibrahim lodi ne tu davaya. chauthi bar mugal badashah jahaangir ke shasanakal mean orachha ke shasak raja virasianh joo dev ne ise banavaya jise aurangazeb ne tu davaya. isaki bhavyata ka anuman isase lagaya ja sakata hai ki isake sanbandh mean fraansisi yatri tॅvaraniyar (Jean-Baptiste Tavernier) ne likha hai ki “yah mandir bharat ki sabase bhavy aur sundar imaratoan mean se ek hai… jo 5 se 6 kos ki doori se bhi dikhaee deti hai”. ek kos (krosh) mean lagabhag 3 kilomitar hote haian to yah doori lagabhag 16 kilomitar hoti hai.           braj ki pahachan krishna, mor, gay, godhooli, karil, kadamb, yamuna adi se hoti rahi hai to brajasanskriti ki pahachan ke chihn haian holi, savan ke jhoole aur git, nautanki (saangit), mandir, yamuna ke ghat, bhaang-thandaee, mathura ke chaube, kans mela, mu diya poonoan ka mela aur haan nishchit roop se apaki priy mithaee ‘pe da’. is bar itana hi... agali bar kuchh aur... -adity chaudhari sansthapak evan pradhan sampadak