ब्रज का पौराणिक इतिहास

braj vishay soochi

braj    parichay    paribhasha    bhoogol    vistar    namakaran aur abhipray    pauranik itihas    braj ka adim kal    braj ka krishna kal    braj ka maury kal    braj ka shuang kal    braj ka shak kushan kal    braj ka gupt kal    braj ka madhy kal    braj ka uttar madhy kal    braj ka mugal kal    braj ka jat maratha kal    braj ka svatantrata sangram 1857    braj ka svatantrata sangram 1920-1947    sanskriti    jivan shaili    prachin sangit    moorti kala mathura    pramukh parv evan tyohar    mukhy darshaniy sthal    chaurasi kos yatra    brajabhasha    holi    veshabhoosha, bhojan v mithaee

braj ka pauranik itihas
braj ke vibhinn drishy|200px|center
vivaran	bhagavat mean ‘braj’ kshetr vishesh ko iangit karate hue hi prayukt hua hai. vahaan ise ek chhote gram ki sanjna di gee hai. usamean ‘pur’ se chhota ‘gram’ aur usase bhi chhoti basti ko ‘braj’ kaha gaya hai. 16vian shatabdi mean ‘braj’ pradesh ke arth mean hokar ‘brajamandal’ ho gaya aur tab usaka akar 84 kos ka mana jane laga tha.
braj kshetr	aj jise ham braj kshetr manate haian usaki dishaaian, uttar disha mean palaval (hariyana), dakshin mean gvaliyar (madhy pradesh), pashchim mean bharatapur (rajasthan) aur poorv mean eta (uttar pradesh) ko chhooti haian.
braj ke keandr	mathura evan vrindavan
braj ke van	kotavan, kamyavan, kumudavan, kokilavan, khadiravan, talavan, bahulavan, biharavan, belavan, bhadravan, bhaandiravan, madhuvan, mahavan, lauhajanghavan evan vrindavan
bhasha	hiandi aur brajabhasha
pramukh parv evan tyohar	holi, krishna janmashtami, yam dvitiya, guru poornima, radhashtami, govardhan pooja, gopashtami, nandotsav evan kans mela
pramukh darshaniy sthal	krishna janmabhoomi, dvarikadhish mandir, rajakiy sangrahalay, baanke bihari mandir, rang nath ji mandir, govind dev mandir, isk aaun mandir, madan mohan mandir, danaghati mandir, manasi ganga, kusum sarovar, jayagurudev mandir, radha rani mandir, nand ji mandir, vishram ghat , daooji mandir
sanbandhit lekh	braj ka pauranik itihas, braj chaurasi kos ki yatra, moorti kala mathura
any janakari	braj ke van–upavan, kunj–nikunj, shri yamuna v giriraj atyant mohak haian. pakshiyoan ka madhur svar ekaanki sthali ko madak evan manohar banata hai. moroan ki bahutayat tatha unaki pioo–pioo ki avaz se vatavaran gunjayaman rahata hai.

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ary aur unaka praranbhik nivas (vaidik sanskriti) :- jise 'sapt siandhav' desh kaha gaya hai, vah bhag bharatavarsh ka uttar pashchimi bhag tha. manyataoan ke anusar yahi srishti ka aranbhik sthal aur aryoan ka adi desh hai. sapt siandhav desh ka phailav kashmir, pakistan aur panjab ke adhikaansh bhag mean tha. ary, uttari dhruv, madhy eshiya athava kisi any sthan se bharat aye hoan, bharatiy manyata mean poorn roop se svikary nahian hai. bharat mean hi nahian vishv bhar mean sankhya 'sat' ka ashcharyajanak mahtv hai jaise sat sur, sat rang, sapt-rrishi, sat sagar, adi isi tarah sat nadiyoan ke karan sapt sianghav desh ke namakaran hua tha. ve nadiyaan haian-

• siandhu (siandh)
• vipasa (vyas)
• atul (sataluj)
• vitasta (jhelam)
• askni (chinav)
• paroosi (ravi)
• sarasvati

nee sanbhavanaoan se yah vichar aur dridh hota hai ki prachin sapt siandhav aur nikatavarti pradesh brahmavart mean vedoan ka uday aur vaidik sanskriti ka pradurbhav hua hoga. vedoan mean siandhu aur sarasvati nadiyoan ka bahuda ullekh aur gunagan hai. inhian nadiyoan ke madhy ka bhoo-bhag vaidik sanskriti ka pradesh hai. vahaan aryoan evan anaryoan ki sanshlishn sanskriti rahi thi. vah sanskriti siandhu ghati sthit mohanajod do aur h dappa se lekar dakshin-poorv mean merath zile ke alamagirapur tak tatha dakshin -pashchim mean sudoor gujarat -kathiyava d ke rangapur-lothal tak phaili thi.

sarasvati ke nikat hi drishadvati nadi bahati thi. manu ne sarasvati aur drishadvati nadiyoan ke doab ko `brahmavart.' pradesh ki sanjna di hai. brahmavart ka nikatavarti bhoo-bhag `brahmarshi pradesh' kahalata tha. usake aantargat kuru, matsy, panchal aur shoorasen janapadoan ki sthiti mani gee hai. manusmriti [2-17,16, 20] mean janapadoan ke nivasiyoan ke achar-vichar samast prithvi ke nar-nariyoan ke lie adarsh batalaye gaye haian. vaidik sanskriti ka pradurbhav chahe sapt siandhav pradesh mean hua, kiantu vah brahmavart aur brahmarshi pradeshoan mean vikasit huee thi. siandhu, sarasvati aur drishadvati se lekar yamuna nadi tak ke vishal pavan pradesh ne vaidik sanskriti ke pradurbhav aur vikas mean mahattvapoorn yog diya tha. is prakar shoorasen janapad, jo mathura mandal athava brajamandal ka prachin nam hai, vaidik sanskriti ke vikas ka anyatam puratan pradesh raha hai.

shoorasen janapad

prachin mathura ke as-pas jo rajy qayam hua, usaka purana nam `shoorasen' milata hai. yah nam kis vyakti vishesh ke karan p da? yah vicharaniy hai. puranoan ki vansh-paranpara-soochiyoan ko dekhane se pata chalata hai ki shoor ya shoorasen nam ke kee vyakti prachin kal mean hue. inamean ullekhaniy ye hai--haihayavanshi kartaviry arjun ke putr shoorasen, bhim sath‍vat ke putr aandhak ke paranati shoor rajadhidev, shriram ke chhote bhaee shatrughn ke putr shoorasen tatha shrikrishna ke pitamah shoor. shrikrishna ke pitamah ka nam shoor tha, n ki shoorasen. harivansh, vishnu adi puranoan mean tatha paravarti sanskrit sahity mean shri krishna ke liye 'shauri' nam milata hai. inake nam se janapad ki sanjna ka avirbhav manane mean kathinaee pratit hoti hai.

yaduvanshi

yaduvansh ke ek prachin raja ka nam kartaviry arjun ya sahasrarjun tha. vah b da vir aur pratapi raja tha. usane ravan jaise prasiddh yoddha se bhi sangharsh kiya tha. usake rajy ka vistar narmada nadi se himalay tak tha, jisamean yamuna tat ka pradesh bhi sammilit tha. usake vanshaj kalaantar mean haihayavanshi kahalaye jinaki rajadhani mahishmati thi. sahasrarjun ke 100 putr the, jinamean ek ka nam shoorasen bhi tha. liang puran' mean likha hai, usi shoorasen ke nam par is pradesh ka nam `shoorasen' prasiddh hua tha kintu mathura se isaka sanbandh sidhe jo dane mean kathinaee hai.

shatrughn kam se kam barah varsh tak mathura nagari evan usake as-pas ke pradesh ke shasak rahe. valmiki ramayan mean hi likha gaya hai ki is pradesh ka shoorasen nam shatrughn tatha unake putroan ka isase sanbandh hone se pahile hi prasiddh ho chuka tha. sugriv ne sita ji ki khoj ke lie vanar sena ko jin pradeshoan mean jane ke lie kaha tha, unamean 'shoorasen' ka bhi namollekh hua hai. valmiki-ramayan mean is sanbandh mean sanket paya jata hai.

harivansh puran

harivansh puran mean shatrughn ke bad unake putr shoorasen ka bhi ullekh hai, jinhoanne mathura pradesh par apana adhipaty banaye rakha. shatrughn-putr shoorasen tatha shrikrishna ke pitamah shoor ke samay mean lagabhag char sau varshoan ka aantar ata hai, jab ki janapad ka shoorasen nam pichhale shoor se bahut poorv aroodh ho gaya jan p data hai. shatrughn ne mathura nagari ki sthapana avashy ki thi kiantu is pradesh ka shoorasen nam unase pahale hi p d chuka tha. janapad ka shoorasen nam prachin hindoo, bauddh evan jain sahity mean tatha yoonani lekhakoan ke varnanoan mean milata hai. yah nam kis shoorasen raja ke nam par prasiddh hua, yah vicharaniy hai.

manusmriti

manusmriti mean shoorasen ko 'brahmarshidesh' ke antargat mana hai. prachinakal mean brahmavart tatha brahmarshidesh ko bahut pavitr samajha jata tha. aur yahaan ke nivasiyoan ka achar-vichar shreshth evan adarsharoop mana jata tha. aisa pratit hota hai, ki shoorasen janapad ki vah sanjna lagabhag eesvi sanh ke aranbh tak jari rahi. jab is samay se yahaan videshi shak-kshatrapoan tatha kushanoan ka prabhutv hua, sanbhavat: tabhi se janapad ki sanjna usaki rajadhani ke nam par 'mathura' ho gee. tatkalin tatha usake bad ke jo abhilekh mile hai unamean mathura nam hi milata hai, shoorasen nahian. sahityik granthoan mean bhi ab shoorasen ke sthan par mathura nam milane lagata hai. is parivartan ka mukhy karan ho sakata hai ki shak-kushan kalin mathura nagar itani prasiddhi prapt kar gaya tha, ki log janapad ya pradesh ke nam ko bhi mathura nam se pukarane lagean hogean aur dhire-dhire janapad ka shoorasen nam jan-sadharan ke smriti-patal par se utar gaya hoga.

adi-prachin rajavansh

[[chitr:Govindev-temple-1.jpg|thumb|250px|left|govind dev mandir, vrindavan]] pauranik tatha any sahity mean jo vivaran milate haian unake adhar par shoorasen janapad par jin rajavanshoan ne prachin kal mean rajy kiya, unamean sabase prachin sooryavansh milata hai. sooryavansh ke pratham raja vaivasvat ke is vansh ki parapanra chali. manu ke b de putr ikshvaku the, jinhoanne ayodhya ko apani rajadhani banaya. manu ke kee putroan ne bharat ke vibhinn bhagoan par rajy kiya. ayodhya ka rajavansh manav ya soory vansh ka pradhan vansh hua aur isamean anek pratapi shasak hue. nabhag, manu ke doosare putr ka nam tha. nabhag tatha inake vanshajoan ka yamuna tat par rajy karane ka varnan milata hai. nabhag tatha unake uttaradhikariyoan ne kitane pradesh par aur kis samay tak rajy kiya yah nishchit roop se jnat nahian.

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puranoan ke anusar adim manu svayanbhuv ka nivas sthal sarasvati nadi ke tat par tha. mahabharat (shaly parv) mean sarasvati namak sat nadiyoan ka ullekh kiya gaya hai. ek sarasvati nadi yamuna ke sath bahati huee ganga se mil jati thi. brajamandal ki puratan anushruti ke anusar ek sarasvati nadi prachin hariyana rajy se braj mean ati thi aur mathura ke nikat aanbika van mean bah kar gokarneshvar mahadev ke samipavarti us sthal par yamuna nadi mean milati thi, jise 'sarasvati sangam ghat' kaha jata hai. sarasvati nadi aur usake samip ke aanbika van ka ullekh puranoan mean hua hai. us sarasvati nadi ki prachin dhara bhi ab niyamit roop se pravahit nahian hoti hai. usake sthan par sarasvati namak ek barasati nala hai, jo aanbika van ke vartaman sthal mahavidya ke jangal mean bah kar jata hua yamuna se milata hai. sath hi sarasvati kund bhi hai. yah nala mandir, kund aur ghat us prachin nadi ki dhara ki vidyaman ke praman haian. inase braj ki paranpara pragaitihasik kalin svayanbhuv manu se ju d jati hai.

braj

braj ki gau (gayean)|250px|center

braj ki gau (gayean)

[[chitr:Govindev-temple-1.jpg|govind dev mandir, vrindavan|250px|center]]

govind dev mandir, vrindavan

[[chitr:Yamuna-Mathura-2.jpg|yamuna nadi|250px|center]]

yamuna nadi

neminath tirthankar|250px|center

neminath tirthankar

[[chitr:Radha-Krishna-Janmbhumi-Mathura-1.jpg|radha-krishna|250px|center]]

radha-krishna

maury kalin mrinmoorti|250px|center

maury kalin mrinmoorti

chitr:Blockquote-open.gif ay sabase purani qaum duniya ki salam rrishiyoan ne bataye tujhe vah raze-davam kahate haian jinhean ruhe-ravane-tahazib muzmar jinamean hai zindagi ke paigam chitr:Blockquote-close.gif - firaq gorakhapuri

mathura ke svami ghat ka purana nam sanyaman ghat hai. ise bhi svayanbhuv manu ka tap sthan kaha jata hai. svayanbhuv manu ke do putr priyavrat aur uttanapad hue, jinaki santan hi prithvi ke samast manav haian. uttanapad ke putr dhruv the. bhagavat chaturth skandh ke anusar dhruv apani vimata se apamanit hokar balyavastha mean hi ghar se nikal p de the. unhoanne narad muni ke upadesh se prachin braj ke madhuvan mean tapasya kar siddhi prapt ki thi. us kal ka madhuvan punyarany athava tapobhoomi matr tha. usamean koee nagar ya gram hone ka ullekh nahian milata hai. vartaman kal ka madhuvan (maholi) mathura tahasil ka ek gaanv hai, jo mathura ke dakshin-pashchim ki or lagabhag 7 kilomitar par hai. isamean dhruv sthal, dhruv aur vishnu ke charan-chihn haian, braj mean sthit madhuvan is desh ke pragaitihasik kal ki anushruti se sanbandhit hone ke karan apana anupam mahattv rakhata hai.

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manu ki putri ila aur budh se puroorava ka janm hua aur chandravansh chala. chandravansh bahut badha aur uttar tatha madhy bharat ke vibhinn pradeshoan mean isaki shakhaean sthapit huee. puroorava ne 'pratishthanapur' mean apani rajadhani sthapit ki. puroorava-urvashi se kee putr hue. sabase b de ayu ko gaddi ka adhikari mila. doosare putr amavasu ne kannauj (kanyakubj) mean rajy ki sthapana ki. amavasu ka putr nahush ayu ke bad adhikari hua. nahush ka l daka yayati bharat ka pahala chakravarti samrat bana.

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yayati ne apane rajy ka vistar kiya. yayati ke do patniyaan thi, devayani aur sharmishtha. pahali ke yadu aur turvasu namak do putr hue aur doosari se drahyu, puroo tatha anu hue. puranoan mean ullekh hai ki yayati apane b de l dake yadu se rusht ho gaya tha aur use shap diya tha ki yadu ya usake l dakoan ko rajapad prapt karane ka saubhagy n prapt hoga. yayati sabase chhote bete puroo ko bahut adhik chahata tha aur usi ko usane rajy dene ka vichar prakat kiya. parantu raja ke sabhasadoan ne jyeshth putr ke rahate hue is kary ka virodh kiya.

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yadu ne puroo paksh ka samarthan kiya aur svayan rajy lene se iankar kar diya. is par puroo ko raja ghoshit kiya gaya aur vah pratishthan ki mukhy shakha ka shasak hua. usake vanshaj paurav kahalaye. any charoan bhaiyoan ko jo pradesh diye gaye unaka vivaran is prakar hai- yadu ko charmaravati athava charmanvati (chanbal), betravati (betava) aur shuktimati (ken) ka tatavarti pradesh mila. turvasu ko pratishthan ke dakshin-poorv ka bhoo-bhag mila aur druhy ko uttar-pashchim ka. ganga-yamuna doab ka uttari bhag tatha usake poorv ka kuchh pradesh jisaki sima ayodhya rajy se milati thi anu ke hisse mean aya.

duhyu ka adhikar

shoorasen ke nam se prasiddh janapad par duhyu ka adhikar hua tha. sanbhavat: bhojagan shoorasen ke pratham shasak kahe ja sakate haian. yaduvanshiyoan ke shasan mean dasharn, avanti, vidarbh aur mahishmati ke prasiddh dakshini rajy the. yaduvansh ke shashabindu ne duhyu vanshi bhojoan ko parajit kar unake rajy ko apane adhikar mean liya is prakar shoorasen pradesh bhi yaduvanshiyoan ke shasan mean a gaya. madhu shashabindu ke uparaant yadavoan ka vikhyat raja tha. madhu atyant pratapi, praja-palak aur dharmik naresh tha. usaka shasan shoorasen se anart (uttari gujarat) tak ke bhoo-bhag par tha.

yadavoan ke vansh ka aranbh

yadu se yadav, turvasu se yavan, drahyu se bhoj tatha anu se mlechchh jatiyoan ka arvibhav hone ka ullekh mahabharat mean hai. yadu apane sab bhaiyoan mean parakrami tha. yadu ke vanshaj `yadav` nam se prasiddh hue. yadavoan ne kuchh samay pashchath apane kendr dasharn, avanti, vidarbh aur mahishmati mathura aur dvarika bhim sasvat ke samay mean yadav- shakti ke mukhy kendr ban gaye. shalv desh (vartaman aboo tatha usake p dos ka pradesh) bhi yadavoan ke rajy mean raha, jisaki rajadhani parnash nadi (adhunik banaras) ke kinare par 'martikavat' mean banayi gee. doosare rajaoan se yadavoan ki tanatani rahi. kshatravriddh (puroorava ka pautr, ayu ka putr) ne kashi mean ek rajy ki sthapana ki.

haihayavanshi yadav

haihayavanshi yadavoan jo dakshin ke the tatha kashi evan ayodhya ke rajagharane bahut samay tak yuddh mean lage rahe. haihayavanshiyoan ne, sooryavanshi raja sagar ke sath yuddh banaye rakha. kartaviry arjun, haihayoan vansh ka sab se pratapi raja kritaviry ka putr tha, jisaka rajy ka vistar himalay ki talahati se narmada tak tha. haihay vanshiyoan ki badhati huee shakti ko rokane ke liye raja pratardan ke bete vats ne prayag ke samip `vats rajy` ki sthapana ki. is rajy ki shakti bad mean bahut badh gee, jisase dakshin ki or se hone vale akramanoan ka veg kam p d gaya.

ayodhya naresh maandhata

sahasrajit ne usane drahyu logoan ko harakar unhean uttar-pashchim ki or panjab mean bhaga diya, jahaan unhoanne kalaantar mean gaandhar rajy ki sthapana ki. yadu ke doosare putr sahasrajit se haihayavansh ka aranbh hua. shashabindu ne puroooan ko bhi parajit kar unhean uttar-pashchim ki or jane ke liye vivash kiya. in vijayoan mean shashabindu ko apane samakalin ayodhya naresh maandhata se b di sahayata mili. maandhata ikshvaku vansh mean prasiddh raja hua. shashabindu ne apani putri biandumati ka vivah mandhata ke sath kar diya.

maandhata ne kanyakubj pradesh ko jita aur anadoan ko bhi parajay di. shashabiandu se lekar bhim satvat tak yadavoan ki mukhy shakha ke jin rajaoan ke nam milate haian ve ye haian- prithushravas, aantar, suyajva, ushanas, shineyu, maroott, kambalavahiansh, rookm-kavach, paravrit, jyamadh, vidarbh, krith bhim, kuanti, shrrisht, nirvriti, vidoorath, dasharh, vyoman, jimoot, vikriti, bhimarath, rathavar, dasharath, ekadasharath, shakuni, karambh, devarat, devakshetr, devan, madhu puroovash, puroodvant, jantu ya amshu, satvant aur bhim satvat. ukt soochi mean yadu aur madhu ke bich mean hone vale rajaoan mean se kis-kis ne yamuna-tatavarti pradesh par (jo bad mean shoorasen kahalaya) rajy kiya, yah batana kathin hai. puran adi mean is sanbandh mean nishchit kathan nahian milate.

dushyant-shakuantala

dushyant-shakuantala ke putr bharat raja dushyant, puroovansh ki sanbhavat: 43vian pidhi the, jinhoanne shakuantala ke sath vivah kiya. dushyant-shakuantala ke putr bharat mahanh shasak hue. unake vanshaj bharatavanshi kahalae. is vansh ne ganga-yamuna doab ke uttari bhag par rajy badhaya. yah pradesh kalaantar mean bharatavanshi raja bhramyashch ke paanch betoan ke nam par `panchal` kahalaya. mudgal bhi bhramyashch ke ek putr ka nam tha, jinake putr vadhrayashv tatra pautr divodas ke samay panchal rajy vistrit tha. is vansh ke kramash: shasak divodas ke bad mitrayu, maitrey, som, shrrianjay aur chyavan hue. chyavan tatha unake bete sudas ke samay mean panchal rajy ki bahut unnati huee.

sudas

sudas ne uttar-pashchim ki or apane rajy ka vistar kiya. inaka rajy ayodhya ki sima tak tha. sudas ne hastinapur ke samakalin paurav raja sanvaran ko haraya. is par sanvaran ne any rajaoan se madad li aur sudas ke viruddh ek b da dal taiyar kiya. is sena mean puroovoan ke alava druhmu, matsy, turvesu, shivi, alin, pakdh, bhalanas, vishani aur yadu the. vipaksh mean keval raja sudas tha. sudas ne parushni nadi (ravi) ke tat par is sena ko harakar mahanh vir hone ka parichay diya. savanran ko majaboor hokar siandhu nadi ke kinare ek qile mean sharan li. kuchh samay pashchath sanvaran ne apane rajy ko dobara jit liya. usaka beta kuru mahanh raja tha. kuru ne dakshin panchal ko bhi jit liya tatha apane samrajy ka vistar prayag (ilahabad) tak kar liya.

left|30px|link=braj ka namakaran aur abhipray|pichhe jaean

braj ka namakaran aur abhipray

braj ka pauranik itihas

braj ka adim kal

right|30px|link=braj ka adim kal|age jaean

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panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

tika tippani aur sandarbh

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sanbandhit lekh

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