भगवद्गीता -राधाकृष्णन भाग-3
bhagavadgita us mahanh andolan ke bad ki, jisaka pratinidhitv prarambhik upanishadh karate haian, aur darshanik pranaliyoan ke vikas aur unake sootroan mean baandhe jane ke kal se pahale ki rachana hai. isaki prachin vaky-rachana aur antarik nirdeshoan se ham yah parinam nikal sakate haian ki yah nishchit roop se eesavi-poorv kal ki rachana hai. isaka kal eesavi-poorv paanchavian shatabdi kaha ja sakata hai, halaanki bad mean bhi isake mool path mean anek her-pher hue haian.[1] hamean gita ke rachayita ka nam maloom nahian hai. bharat ke prarambhik sahity ki lagabhag sabhi pustakoan ke lekhakoan ke nam ajnat haian. gita ki rachana ka shrey vyas ko diya jata hai, jo mahabharat ka pauranik sankalanakarta hai. gita ke attharah adhyay mahabharat ke bhishmaparv ke 23 se 40 tak ke adhyay haian. yah kaha jata hai ki upadesh dete samay krishna ke lie yuddh kshetr mean arjun ke sammukh 700 shlokoan ko padhana sambhav nahian hua hoga. usane kuchh tho di-si mahattvapoorn batean kahi hoangi, jinhean bad mean lekhak ne ek vishal rachana ke roop mean vistar se likh diya. garbe ke matanusar, bhagavadgita pahale ek saankhy-yog-sambandhi granth tha, jisamean bad mean krishna-vasudev-pooja paddhati a mili aur eesavi-poorv tisari shatabdi mean isaka mel-milan krishna ko vishnu ka roop manakar vaidik parampara ke sath bitha diya gaya. mool rachana eesavi-poorv 200 mean likhi gee thi aur isaka vartaman roop eesa ki doosari shatabdi mean kisi vedant ke anuyayi dvara taiyar kiya gaya hai. garbe ka siddhant samanyataya asvikar kiya jata hai. hopakins ka vichar hai ki “ab jo krishna pradhan roop milata hai, vah pahale koee purani vishnu pradhan kavita thi aur usase bhi pahale vah koee ek nissampraday rachana thi, sambhavatah vilambata se likhi gee koee upanishadh.”[2] haultzaman gita ko ek sarveshvaravadi kavita ka bad mean vishnu pradhan banaya gaya roop manata hai. kith ka vishvas hai ki moolatah gita shvetashvatar ke dhang ki upanishadh thi, parantu bad mean use krishna pooja ke anukool dhal diya gaya. barnet ka vichar hai ki gita ke lekhak ke man mean parampara ki vibhinn dharaean gaddamadd ho gee. roodof oto ka kathan hai ki “mool gita mahakavy ka ek shanadar khand thi aur usame kisi prakar ka koee saiddhantik sahity nahi tha.” krishna ka irada “mukti ka koee lokottar upay prastut karane ka nahian tha, apitu arjun ko us bhagavanh ki sarvashaktishalini ichchha ko poora karane ki vishesh seva ke lie taiyar karana tha, jo yuddhoan ke bhagy ka nirnay karata hai.”[3]oto ka vishvas hai ki saiddhantik aansh prakshipt haian. is vishay mean usaka jaikobi se mataiky hai, jisaka vichar hai ki vidvanoan ne mool chhote-se kendr-bindu ko vistrit karake vartaman roop de diya hai.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ radhakrishhnanh ki ‘indiyan phil aausafi’, khanhd 1, pri. 522-25
- ↑ 1. rilijans aauf indiya (1908), pri. 3891 isake vishay mean farkahar likhata hai ki “yah ek purani pady upanishadh hai, jo sambhavatah shvetashvatar ke bad likhi gee hai aur jise kisi kavi ne krishnavad ke samarthan ke lie eesavi sanh ke bad gita ke vartaman roop mean dhal diya hai.”
- ↑ orijinal gita, aangrezi anuvad (1939), pri. 12, 14
sanbandhit lekh
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