भारत का संविधान
thumb|250px|bharat ka sanvidhan
bharat ka sanvidhan (aangrezi: Constitution of India) bharat ka sarvochch vidhan hai, jo sanvidhan sabha dvara 26 navambar, 1949 ko parit hua tatha 26 janavari, 1950 se prabhavi hua. yah din (26 navambar) bharat ke sanvidhan divas ke roop mean ghoshit kiya gaya hai, jabaki 26 janavari ka din bharat mean ganatantr divas ke roop mean manaya jata hai. bharat ka sanvidhan vishv ke kisi bhi ganataantrik desh ka sabase lanba likhit sanvidhan hai. sanvidhan ke uddeshyoan ko prakat karane hetu pray: unase pahale ek prastavana prastut ki jati hai. prastavana yah ghoshana karati hai ki sanvidhan apani shakti sidhe janata se prapt karata hai, isi karan yah 'ham bharat ke log' - is vaky se prarambh hoti hai.
bharat (rajyoan ka sangh)
bharat athava 'indiya' rajyoan ka ek sangh hai. yh sansadiy pranali ki sarakar vala ek shvatantr prabhusatta samhpanhn samajavadi lokatantrathmak ganarajhy hai. yah ganarajhy bharat ke sanvidhan ke anusar shasit hai, jise sanvidhan sabha dvara 26 navambar, 1949 ko grahan kiya gaya tatha jo 26 janavari, 1950 ko pravritt hua.
sansadiy shvaroop
- bhag I: sangh aur usake kshetr
- bhag II: nagarikata
- bhag III: moolabhoot adhikar
- bhag IV: rajy ke niti nirdeshak tatv
- bhag IV k : mool kartavy
- bhag V: sangh
- bhag VI: rajy
- bhag VII: pratham anusoochi ke bhag kh mean rajy
- bhag VIII: sangh rajy kshetr
- bhag XI: panchayat
- bhag IXA: nagarapalikaean
- bhag X: anusoochit janajati kshetr
- bhag XI: sangh aur rajyoan ke bich sanbandh
- bhag XII: vitt, sampatti, sanvidaean aur vad
- bhag XIII: bharat ke rajy kshetr ke aandar vyapar, vanijy aur samagam
- bhag XIV: sangh aur rajyoan ke adhin sevaean
- bhag XIV k: adhikaran
- bhag XV: nirvachan
- bhag XVI: kuchh vargoan ke sanbandh mean vishesh upabandh
- bhag XVII: rajabhasha
- bhag XVIII: apat upabandh
- bhag XIX: prakirn
- bhag XX: sanvidhan ke sanshodhan
- bhag XXI: asthayi, sankramanakalin aur vishesh upabandh
- bhag XXII: sankshipt nam, praranbh, hindi mean pradhikrit path aur nirasan
- anusoochiyaan
- parishisht
- anukramanika
sanvidhan mean sarakar ke sansadiy shvaroop ki vhyavashtha ki gee hai, jisaki sanrachana katipay ekathmak vishishhtataoan sahit sanghiy ho. kenhdriy karyapalika ka saanvidhanik pramukh rashhtrapati hai. bharat ke sanvidhan ki dhara 79 ke anusar, kenhdriy sansad ki parishad mean rashtrapati tatha do sadan haian jinhhean rajhyoan ki parishad (rajy sabha) tatha logoan ka sadan (lok sabha) ke nam se jana jata hai.
sanvidhan ki dhara 74 (1) mean yah vhyavashtha ki gee hai ki rashhtrapati ki sahayata karane tatha use salah dene ke lie ek mantri parishad hogi, jisaka pramukh pradhanamantri hoga. rashhtrapati salah ke anusar apane karyoan ka nishhpadan karega. is prakar vashtavik karyakari shakti mantriparishad mean nihit hai, jisaka pramukh pradhanamantri hai.
mantriparishad samoohik roop se logoan ke sadan (lok sabha) ke prati uttaradayi hai. prathyek rajhy mean ek vidhan sabha hai. kuchh rajhyoan mean ek oopari sadan hai, jise rajhy vidhan parishad kaha jata hai. rajyapal rajhy ka pramukh hai. prathyek rajy ka ek rajyapal hoga tatha rajhy ki karyakari shakti usamean vihit hogi. mantriparishad, jisaka pramukh mukhhyamantri hai, rajhyapal ko usake karyakari karyoan ke nishhpadan mean salah deti hai. rajhy ki mantriparishad samoohik roop se rajhy ki vidhan sabha ke prati uttaradayi hai.
vidhayi shaktiyaan
sanvidhan mean sanvidhan ki satavian anusoochi mean pravishtiyoan ki soochiyoan ke anusar sansad tatha rajhy vidhayikaoan ke bich vidhayi shaktiyoan ka vitaran kiya gaya hai. avashishht shaktiyaan sansad mean vihit haian. kenhdriy prashasit bhoo-bhagoan ko sangharajhy kshetr kaha jata hai.
sanvidhan aur chitr
kal ki chhati par pair rakhakar nrity karate nataraj, ayodhya lautate ram-sita aur lakshman, kurukshetr mean arjun ko 'gita' ka upadesh dete krishna aur ganga ka dharati par avataran. shaanti ka upadesh dete buddh aur yajn karate vaidik rrishi ki yajnashala. ye sabhi chitr hamare sanvidhan ki mool k aaupi yani aangrezi paandulipi mean haian. pradhanamantri javaharalal neharoo ke kahane par shaanti niketan ke prasiddh chitrakar nandalal bos ne apane chhatroan ke sath char sal mean 22 chitroan aur b aaurdar se sanvidhan sajaya. unhean 21 hazar rupe ka mehanatana diya gaya. [[chitr:Constitution-of-India-20.jpg|thumb|left|150px|sanvidhan mean ashok chihn ka chitr]]
sanvidhan ke kavar ko ajanta ki bhittichitr shaili (divaroan par bane chitr) se sajaya gaya hai. shuruat ashok ke chihn se ki gee hai. agale panne par prastavana ya uddeshika hai. sunahare b aaurdar se ghiri prastavana mean gho da, sher, hathi aur bail ke chitr bane haian. chitroan mean desh ki bhaugolik vividhata ko bhi darshaya gaya hai. inake chalate bharatiy sanvidhan ko ripablik aauph art bhi kaha jata hai. in chitroan par sanvidhan sabha mean bahas bhi huee. darasal, kee sadasyoan ne saval uthaya ki sanvidhan mean agar ram, sita, krishna, hanuman, buddh, mahavir, guru gobind sianh jaise chitr hoange to vah panthanirapeksh kaise? is par sadasyoan ke bich bahas huee aur akhir votiang se tay hua ki sanvidhan mean likhe shabd hi sanvidhan ka hissa hoange, chitr nahian. thumb|left|150px|pahale bhag mean jeboo bail ka chitr
sanvidhan ki mool aangrezi k aaupi ke kavar ko sunahare rang ke shatadal kamal aur any phooloan se sajaya gaya hai. yah ajanta ki bhitti chitr shaili hai. isake bichoan-bich 'CONSTITUTION OF INDIA' likha hai. bharat ke rajakiy pratik ashok chihn se sanvidhan shuroo hota hai. rajakiy pratik ko saranath mean mile ashok stanbh se liya gaya hai. mool roop se isamean char sher haian, jo charoan dishaoan ki or muanh kie kh de haian, lekin tin hi dikhaee dete haian. isake niche ek gol adhar hai, jis par hathi, gho da, ek saand, ek sianh aur ek chakr bana hai.
sanvidhan ke pahale bhag ki shuruat siandhu ghati sabhyata ke charchit pratik 'jeboo bail' ke chitr se huee hai. isaka nam sangh aur usaka rajyakshetr hai. yah chitr ashok ke chihn aur sanvidhan ki uddeshika ke bad pej nanbar ek par hai. jeboo bail ko sabase shaktishali vansh aur mohan-jo-daro, h dappa ka pratik mana jata hai. jeboo bail ko samooh ke ek shaktishali neta ke roop mean dekha jata tha, jo apane logoan ki hiphajat karata tha.
sanvidhan ke bhag do ki shuruat vaidik kal ke gurukul ke chitr se huee hai. is bhag ka nam nagarikata hai. yah pej nanbar tin par hai. us samay tak agni, iandr aur soory ki pooja karana am jivan mean shamil ho chuka tha.
sanvidhan ke bhag tin ki shuruat ram, sita aur lakshman ke chitr se huee hai. is bhag mean maulik adhikaroan ka ullekh hai. yah pej nanbar chhah par hai. is chitr mean ram, sita aur lakshman pushpak viman se ayodhya laut rahe haian.
sanvidhan ke bhag char ki shuruat kurukshetr ke chitr se huee hai. isamean krishna, arjun ko 'gita' ka jnan dete hue dikhate haian. is bhag mean rajy ki niti ke nideshak tatv batae ge haian. yah pej nanbar 17 par hai.
sanvidhan ke bhag paanch ki shuruat gautam buddh se huee hai. is bhag ka nam 'sangh' hai. yah pej nanbar 20 par hai. sangh ki shuruat buddh ke chitr se huee hai. is chitr mean buddh logoan ko jnan dete dikh rahe haian.
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vishesh tathy vithika
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ghis gee 432 nib
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premabihari narayan rayajada ne hath se likha
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har panne par premabihari narayan rayajada ka nam
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'sanvidhan klab' bana kamara
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mool prati ka bhar 13 ki.gra.
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vasant krishna vaidy ne likhi hiandi prati
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1985 se bachane ki kavayad
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leni p di ameriki kampani ki madad
- chitr:Constitution-of-India-9.jpg
naitrojan chaimbar mean rakhi gee mool pratiyaan
- chitr:Constitution-of-India-10.jpg
rashtrapati ka bhi alag dhvaj
- chitr:Constitution-of-India-11.jpg
rajendr prasad ke tirachhe hastakshar
- chitr:Constitution-of-India-12.jpg
10 deshoan ka vidhan
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hamare maulik adhikar
- chitr:Constitution-of-India-14.jpg
sansad mean bahumat ki sarakar
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rajyoan se zyada majaboot keandr
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rajy ke niti-nirdeshak tattv
- chitr:Constitution-of-India-17.png
svatantrata, samanata tatha bhaeechare ka vichar
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mool kartavy
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keandr ki apatakalin shaktiyaan
- chitr:Constitution-of-India-20.jpg
ashok chihn se shuruat
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siandhu ghati sabhyata ka charchit pratik 'jeboo bail'
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bhag char mean kurukshetr ka chitr
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bhag paanch mean gautam buddh ka chitr
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bhag do mean vaidik kalin gurukul ka chitr
tika tippani aur sandarbh
bahari k diyaan
sanbandhit lekh