भारत में सिंचाई के साधन
bharat ka kul kshetraphal 32.8 karo d hekteyar hai, jisake 92.2 pratishat ke bhoomi upayog sambandhi aank de upalabdh haian. vartaman mean desh mean shuddh boya gaya kshetr 16.2 karo d hekteyar hai. is prakar kul kshetraphal ka lagabhag 51 pratishat bhag krishi ke antargat ata hai, jabaki lagabhag 4 pratishat bhoomi par charagah, 21 pratishat bhoomi par van tatha 24 pratishat bhoomi banjar athava bina kisi upayog ki hai. 24 pratishat banjar bhoomi mean 5 pratishat parati bhoomi bhi shamil hai, jisamean prativarsh fasalean n bokar tisare ya paanchave varsh boyi jati haian, jisase bhoomi ki urvarata sanchit ho sake. is shuddh boye gaye 52 pratishat bhoo-bhag ke matr 28 pratishat bhag arthath 4.5 karo d hekteyar bhoomi par hi sianchaee ki paryapt suvidha upalabdh hai, jabaki desh ka samast sianchit kshetr 8 karo d hekteyar hai. is prakar kul krishi bhoomi ke lagabhag 72 pratishat bhag par ki jane vali krishi varsha par hi nirbhar karati hai.
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kul sianchit kshetraphal ke adhe se adhik bhag par sianchaee ke chhote sadhanoan- kuean, talab, jhilean, jalashay, baandh, nalakoop, mitti ke kachche baandh, nal tatha jal srotoan dvara sianchaee ki jati hai. shesh bhag ki sianchaee b de sadhanoan, yatha- naharoan, naliyoan adi ke madhyam se ki jati hai. sianchaee mean sahayak vibhinn sadhanoan ka anupatik yogadan nimn prakar hai -
| sianchaee ke sadhan | kul sianchit kshetr mean unaka pratishat yogadan |
|---|---|
| nahar | 40.0 |
| kuane | 37.8 |
| talab | 14.5 |
| any | 7.7 |
| yog | 100 pratishat |
uparyukt talika mean sampoorn desh ki kul sianchit bhoomi par sianchaee ke vibhinn sadhanoan ka jo anupat darshaya gaya hai, vastavikata usase kuchh door hi hai, kyoanki asam, panjab, hariyana, keral, madhy pradesh, pashchim bangal adi rajyoan mean naharoan dvara ausat se adhik bhoomi ki sianchaee ki jati hai. isi prakar gujarat, uttar pradesh tatha rajasthan mean sianchaee ke sabase pramukh sadhan nalakoop haian tatha dakshin bharatiy rajyoan- andhr pradesh, karnatak, tamilanadu evan u disa mean talaboan dvara adhik sianchaee ki jati hai.
naharean
naharean desh mean sianchaee ki sabase pramukh sadhan hai aur inamean 40 pratishat se adhik krishi bhoomi ki sianchaee ki jati hai. hamare desh ki naharoan ka sarvadhik vikas uttar ke vishal maidani bhagoan tatha tatavarti delta ke kshetroan mean kiya gaya hai, kyoanki inaka nirman samatal bhoomi evan jal ki nirantar apoorti par nirbhar karata hai. naharoan ko mukhyatah do prakaroan mean rakha jata hai-
- nityavahi naharean - ye varsh bhar pravahit hone vali nadiyoan se nikali jati haian evan sadaiv jal se bhari rahati haian. ullekhaniy hai ki nadi ke jal ko pahale baandh banakar rok liya jata hai aur unase naharoan ki jal ki apoorti ki jati hai.
- anityavahi athava badh ki naharean - inamean varsh bhar lagatar jal ki apoorti sambhav nahian ho pati aur ve matr nadiyoan mean ane vali badhoan ke samay hi sianchaee ke kam ati haian. aisi naharoan ke dvara varsh mean matr ek fasal ki hi sianchaee ki ja sakati hai.
kuean evan nalakoop
kuoan ka nirman sarvadhik unhian kshetroan mean hua hai, jahaan chikani baluee mitti milati hai, kyoanki isase pani risakar dharatal ke andar chala jata hai tatha bhoomigat jal ke roop mean bhandarit ho jata hai. desh mean tin prakar ke kuean sianchaee evan peyajal ke kam mean laye jate haian-
- kachche kuean
- pakke kuean
- nalakoop
desh ki kul sianchit bhoomi ka kuoan dvara sianche jane vala adhikaansh bhag gujarat, maharashtr, panjab, rajasthan tatha uttar pradesh rajyoan mean hai. yahaan lagabhag 50 pratishat bhoomi ki sianchaee kuoan tatha nalaroopoan dvara hi ki jati hai. in rajyoan ke atirikt hariyana, bihar, tamilanadu, andhr pradesh tatha karnatak rajyoan mean bhi kuoan evan nalakoopoan dvara sianchaee ki jati hai.
pratham yojana kal mean desh mean nalakoopoan ki sankhya matr 3,000 thi, jo vartaman mean lagabhag 57 lakh[1] ho gayi haian. desh mean sarvadhik nalakoop pampaset tamilanadu mean[2] paye jate haian, jabaki maharashtr[3] ka doosara sthan hai. nalakoopoan ki sabase adhik sankhya uttar pradesh mean hai. pichhalean do dashakoan mean panjab evan hariyana mean isaka prachalan badha hai. isake atirikt nalakoopoan ki pramukhata vale any rajy haian- andhr pradesh, madhy pradesh, karnatak evan gujarat.
talab
desh mean prakritik tatha kritrim donoan prakar ke talaboan ka upayog sianchaee ke lie kiya jata hai. inake dvara sarvadhik sianchaee pray:dvipiy bharat ke tamilanadu, karnatak tatha andhr pradesh rajyoan mean ki jati hai. isake bad dakshini bihar, dakshini madhy pradesh tatha dakshini poorvi rajasthan ka sthan ata hai, jahaan prakritik evan kritrim donoan prakar ke talab milate haian. desh ke kul sianchit kshetr ke 9 pratishat bhag ki sianchaee talaboan dvara hoti hai. bharat mean talaboan dvara sianchit kshetr tamilanadu mean sarvadhik vistrit hai.
| pariyojana | nadi / sthan | uddeshy | labhanvit hone vale rajy | tippani |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| bhakh da naangal pariyojana | sataluj nadi (panjab ke hoshiyarapur zile mean) | jal vidyut shakti ka utpadan evan sianchaee | panjab, hariyana, himachal pradesh, rajasthan | is pariyojana mean 4 vidyut shakti grih jaliy naharean, naangal baandh tatha bhakh da baandh (uanchaee 226 mi. evan lambaee 518 mi. vishv ka doosara sabase ooancha baandh) |
| vyas pariyojana | vyas nadi | jal vidyut shakti ka utpadan evan sianchaee | panjab, hariyana, rajasthan | is pariyojana ki pramukh ikaiyaan shamil haian- (1) vyas-satalaj liank, (2) poang baandh, (3) vyas pareshan tantr. |
| rajasthan nahar (indira gaandhi nahar pariyojana) | panjab mean sataluj nadi (vyas tatha ravi ke sangam se) | sianchaee | panjab, hariyana, rajasthan | |
| damodar ghati pariyojana | damodar nadi | shakti utpadan, sianchaee evan badh niyantran | bihar, jharakhand evan pashchim bangal | is pariyojana ki pramukh ikaiyaan shamil haian- (1) maithan baandh, (2) tilaiya baandh, (3) konar baandh, (4) bokaro, durgapur tatha chandrapur mean shakti grihoan ki sthapana. |
| hirakund baandh pariyojana | mahanadi | shakti utpadan evan sianchaee | u disa. | yahaan ka mukhy baandh vishv ka sabase b da mukhy dhara baandh hai. isaki lambaee 4,800 mi. tatha ooanchaee 28.9 mi. hai. |
| chambal pariyojana | chambal nadi | shakti utpadan evan sianchaee | rajasthan v madhy pradesh | is pariyojana mean tin baandhoan ka nirman kiya gaya hai- (1) gaandhi sagar baandh, (2) rana pratap sagar baandh, (3) javahar sagar baandh. |
| tuangabhadra pariyojana | tuangabhadra nadi (krishnaa ki sahayak nadi) | shakti utpadan evan sianchaee | andhr pradesh tatha karnatak | |
| mayoorakshi pariyojana | murala nadi | shakti utpadan evan sianchaee | pashchim bangal tatha bihar | |
| nagarjun sagar pariyojana | krishnaa nadi | shakti utpadan evan sianchaee | andhr pradesh. | |
| kosi pariyojana (bharat evan nepal ki sanyukt pariyojana) | kosi nadi | badh niyantran, sianchaee evan shakti utpadan | bihar, nepal | |
| gandak pariyojana | gandak nadi (ganga ki sahayak nadi) | shakti utpadan evan sianchaee | bihar, uttar pradesh, nepal | |
| pharakka pariyojana | ganga, bhagirathi | shakti utpadan, sianchaee tatha nau parivahan ke lie gad ke jamav ko door karana | pashchim bangal | |
| kakarapar pariyojana | tapti nadi | sianchaee | gujarat | |
| tava pariyojana | tava nadi (narmada ki sahayak) | sianchaee | madhy pradesh evan chhattisagadh | |
| nagapur shakti grih pariyojana | karo di nadi | tap vidyut ka utpadan | gujarat | |
| ukaee pariyojana | tapti nadi | shakti utpadan evan sianchaee | gujarat | |
| poochamapad pariyojana | godavari nadi | sianchaee | andhr pradesh | |
| malaprabha pariyojana | malaprabha nadi | sianchaee | karnatak | |
| mahi pariyojana (jamanalal bajaj sagar pariyojana) | mahi nadi | sianchaee | gujarat | |
| mahanadi delta pariyojana | mahanadi | sianchaee | u disa | |
| rihand pariyojana | rihand nadi | jal vidyut shakti | uttar pradesh | |
| kunda pariyojana | kunda | jal vidyut shakti evan sianchaee | tamilanadu | |
| durgapur beraj | damodar nadi | sianchaee tatha kolakata evan raniganj ke bich nau vahan | pashchim bangal, jharakhand evan bihar | |
| idukki pariyojana | periyar nadi | jal vidyut shakti | keral | |
| tihari baandh pariyojana | bhilangana tatha bhagirathi | jal vidyut shakti | uttarakhand evan uttar pradesh | |
| matatila bahuddeshiy pariyojana | betava nadi | shakti utpadan evan sianchaee | uttar pradesh, chhattisagadh tatha madhy pradesh | |
| koyana pariyojana | koyana nadi | jal vidyut shakti | maharashtr | |
| ramaganga bahuddeshyiy pariyojana | ramaganga nadi (ganga ki sahayak nadi) | vidyut shakti evan sianchaee | uttar pradesh | |
| oopari krishnaa pariyojana | krishnaa nadi | sianchaee | karnatak | |
| ghataprabha ghati pariyojana | ghataprabha nadi | sianchaee evan vidyut shakti | karnatak | |
| bhima pariyojana | pavana nadi (pune) tatha krishnaa nadi (ujjain baandh) | sianchaee evan jal vidyut shakti | karnatak | |
| jayakava di pariyojana | godavari nadi | sianchaee evan jal vidyut shakti | maharashtr | |
| thin baandh pariyojana | ravi nadi | sianchaee | panjab | |
| hidakal pariyojana | ghataprabha nadi | sianchaee | karnatak | |
| salal pariyojana | chinab nadi | sianchaee evan jal vidyut shakti | jammoo kashmir | |
| nathapa-jhakari pariyojana | sataluj nadi | sianchaee (eshiya ki sabase b di pariyojana) | himachal pradesh | |
| panam pariyojana | panam nadi | sianchaee | gujarat | |
| kol baandh pariyojana | sataluj nadi | sianchaee evan jal vidyut shakti | himachal pradesh | |
| kaangasavati pariyojana | kaangasavati nadi | sianchaee evan jal vidyut shakti | pashchim bangal | |
| parambikulam-aliyar pariyojana | 8 chhoti nadiyaan | sianchaee evan jal vidyut shakti | tamilanadu evan keral | |
| narmada ghati pariyojana | narmada ghati | jal vidyut evan sianchaee | madhy pradesh, maharashtr, gujarat (gujarat ki jivan rekha) | |
| jakham pariyojana | jokham nadi | sianchaee suvidhaoan ke vikas hetu | rajasthan (udayapur) | |
| tihari pan bijali pariyojana | bhagirathi nadi | jal vidyut utpadan | uttarakhand evan uttar pradesh |
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
sanbandhit lekh
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