भाषा-परिवार

bhaugolik adhar par bhasha parivaroan ko char khandoan mean vibhajit kiya ja sakata hai:

1. prashaant mahasagar evan astreliya mahadvip
2. ameriki mahadvip
3. aphriki mahadvip
4. yoorop evan eshiya ke mahadvip

1. prashant mahasagar evan astreliya mahadvipoan ke bhasha-parivar

is khand ke bhasha parivaroan ki bhashaoan ka prasar hind mahasagar evan prashant mahasagar ke dvipoan evan astreliya mahadvip mean hai. is khand ki bhashaoan ko prayah paanch bhasha parivaroan mean vargikrit kiya jata hai.

2. ameriki mahadvip ke bhasha-parivar

ameriki mahadvip ke adim nivasiyoan ke bhasha-parivaroan ki sankhya nishchit nahian hai. kuchh vidvanoan ne kendriy amerika evan meksiko ke kshetr mean 28 bhasha-parivar, shesh dakshini amerika mean lagabhag 80 bhasha-parivar tatha uttari amerika mean lagabhag 28 se 50 bhasha-parivaroan ke nam ginae haian.

3. aphriki mahadvip ke bhasha-parivar

eshiya mahadvip ke sami parivar ki bhashaean is mahadvip ke uttari bhag mean bhi boli jati haian. mahadvip ke isi bhag mean haimetik parivar ki bhashaean bhi boli jati haian. kuchh bhasha vaijnanik bhasha-parivaroan ke antargat is bhasha-parivar ko isi karan ‘sami-hami’ (semetik-hemetik) bhasha-parivar ke nam se pukarate haian. sami parivar ki arabi tatha hemetik parivar ki bhashaoan mean misr ki ijipshiyan, sahara kshetr ki kabile, shilh, zenaga aur tuareg tatha uttar-poorvi kshetr ki somali, chad, hausa adhik prasiddh haian. sami evan hemetik ke atirikt aphrika ke shesh bhoo-bhag ki bhashaoan ko tin bhasha parivar-samoohoan mean vargikrit kiya jata hai:

1. soodan bhasha-parivar samooh
2. bantu bhasha-parivar samooh
3. bushamain bhasha-parivar samooh

4. yoorop evan eshiya mahadvipoan ke bhasha parivar

prashant mahasagar ke iandoneshiyan bhasha-parivar ke atirikt yoorop evan eshiya mahadvipoan mean boli jane vali bhashaoan ko nimnalikhit bhasha-parivaroan mean vargikrit kiya ja sakata hai:

1. bharat-yooropiy bhasha-parivar / bharopiy bhasha-parivar
2. dravi d bhasha-parivar
3. agney/astrik/astro-eshiyatik bhasha-parivar
4. sino-tibbat bhasha-parivar (chini - tibbat bhasha-parivar)
5. sami/semetik bhasha-parivar
6. yooral-altaee bhasha-parivar
7. kakeshas bhasha-parivar

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

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bahari k diyaan

• bhasha-parivar evan vishv-bhashaean : prophesar mahavir saran jain