मंगोलिया

thumb|250px|mangoliya ka dhvaj gobi maroobhoomi ke simavarti mangoliya mean rahane vali ashvarohini mangol jati ne poorv mean chin ke b de bhoobhag par rajy kiya tha. unhoanne bijiang (Beijing) (pekiang) ko rajadhani banaya tha. pashchim ki or badhakar kashyap sagar tak, jise 'turkistan' kahate haian, par unhoanne adhipaty sthapit kiya. bharat ke atirikt prachin kal ke do b de samrajyoan ka yah samay tha. yoorop aur bhoomadhy sagar ke deshoan ka roman samrajy tatha poorvottar mean mangol samrajy. ye donoan samrajy atyant kroor the.

mugal samrajy

kalaantar mean kashyap sagar se gobi maroosthal ka kshetr islam panthavalanbi ban gaya. pashchimi mangol jati aur bhi khooankhar ho gayi. mangol ko hi ko arabi mean 'mugal' kahate haian. isi mangol-turkistan se changej khaan aur taimoor lang jaise kroor v adharmi lutere bharat ko lootane aye the. unhian mean se ek saradar ka putr tha babar, jise bharat mean mugal samrajy ka janak kaha jata hai.

bharatiy sanskriti ka prabhav

thumb|250px|rashtriy vishvavidyalay, mangoliya prachin saiberiya aur usase ju da mangoliya kabhi bharatiy sanskriti ka prabhav-kshetr tha, jahaan donoan hath jo dakar abhivadan karane ki padghati thi, yahaan dharmik krity evan pooja gangajal ke bina sanpann nahian hoti thi. inake viharoan mean sanskrit tatha any bhashaoan ke anek prachin granth aur pratimaean milati haian aur unake lok-kavy mean ramayan ki kathaean. 'baikal' jhil ke charoan or vidya ke anek keandr the, jahaan devi sarasvati ke anupam chitr evan bhavy pratimaean thian.

chin ki sabhyata

chin ki sabhyata any prachin sabhyataoan se apekshakrit nee hai. bharat se chin jane ke do durgam marg the. ek pashchim mean kashmir tatha gilagit ki ghati se ooanche parvat parakar aur doosara poorv mean brahmadesh ke uttar se hokar. bich mean himalay hai, jisaki chotiyaan sada him se dhaki rahati haian. ek any tisara marg bhi tha gaandhar tatha kuanbha nadi ke darroan se hote hue uttar ki or madhy eshiya mean sarvatr hiandoo rajy the. isi raste se bharatiy sanskriti ka prachar madhy eshiya mean hua. bauddh pracharakoan ne bhi isi marg ko apanaya. isake atirikt dakshin-poorv se hokar ek chautha sagar marg bhi tha.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

tika tippani aur sandarbh

bahari k diyaan

sanbandhit lekh

varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj

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