मखमल
thumb|300px|makhamal makhamal (aangreji: Velvet) halki bunaee ke royeandar reshami kap de ko kahate haian. yah sadharan resham[1] ya plash [2] ki roeandar satah par banaya jata hai. yah satah bunaee karate samay aianthe hue reshami dhagoan ko prithak-prithakh karane se vikasit hoti hai. alag-alag hone par yah dhage guchchhe ke roop mean reshami, sooti ya kisi bhi bune kap de ke dridh adhar par sidhe kh de rahate hai. prachin kal se hi makhamal poshakoan ke liye kafi lokapriy raha hai. rajakiy, samajik tatha dharmik avasaroan par makhamal ke paridhanoan ka vishesh roop se upayog hota tha. isake kee upayog bhi haian, jaise pardean ke roop mean evan shobha ke liye sophe ke gadde tatha lihaphoan ke khol ke roop mean.
bunaee
halki bunaee ka makhamal karaghe par buna jata hai. yah makhamal tane ke dhagoan ki do kataroan tatha bane ke dhage ki ek katar se taiyar hota hai, arthath tana 'adhar'[3] dhagoan ke roop mean adhar bunaee[4] karata hai tatha roeandar dhaga bane ke roop mean royaan taiyar karata hai. bunaee ke dauran aianthe hue royeandar dhage ko royaan banane ke liye oopar utha dete haian, jabaki adhar ke dhage niche rahate haian. is tarah se bane hue aianthe chhadak[5] mean ek lanba, patala imarat ka tar, jisake sanpoorn oopari kinare mean sankara khaancha bana rahata hai, dala jata hai. is tar ko royean vala tar[6] kahate haian. yah tar jab poorn chau daee bhar ke royaan banane vale doroan ke bich mean phansa diya jata hai, tab kangha[7] marate haian.[8]
isake bad phir usi prakar se royean vala dora, jo bana hota hai, nishchit tanoan ke bad ukasakar, aianthakar phanda jaisa bana liya jata hai aur un phandoan mean upuryakt royean vale tar ki tarah ka doosara ispat ka tar ghuse da jata hai. tab phir kangha chalakar kap da buna jata hai. is prakar tin tar lagane par chauthi bar pahala vala tar nikalakar lagate haian. royaan banane ke liye tar nikalane se pahale vishesh prakar se bane hue haiandiladar chakoo ko ispat ke tar ke oopari khaanche mean ek sire se doosare sire tak chala dete haian, jisase dhaga kat jata hai. isase chhote-chhote royean taiyar ho jate haian. bijali se chalane vale karaghoan dvara bhi makhamal buna jata hai. isamean umethe hue doroan ke phandoan mean royean vala tar nikalane aur lagane ka kary svaniyantrit hota hai. vibhinn prakar ke makhamal royeandar dore ke rang, prakar jaise- oon, soot bakari ityadi ke lanbe bal akar[9] ityadi badalane se banae ja sakate haian.
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