महमूद बेगड़ा
mahamood beg da gujarat ka chhathaan sultan tha. vah terah varsh ki umr mean gaddi par baitha aur 52 varsh (1459-1511 ee.) tak saphalatapoorvak rajy karata raha. mahamood ko ‘beg da’ ki upadhi 'giranar' joonagadh tatha champaner ke qiloan ko jitane ke bad mili thi. vah apane vansh ka sarvadhik pratapi shasak tha. usane girinar ke samip ‘mustafabad’ ki sthapana kar use apani rajadhani banaya. champaner ke samip beg da ne 'mahamoodabad' ki bhi sthapana ki thi.
beg da ki upadhi
gujarat mean ahamadashah ke uttaradhikariyoan ne bhi prasar aur shakti badhane ki apani niti jari rakhi. gujarat ka sabase prasiddh sultan mahamood beg da tha. use 'beg da' isalie kaha jata tha ki usane do sabase mazaboot qiloan- saurashtr aur giranar[1] aur dakshin gujarat ka champaner ko jita tha. [2] giranar ka raja lagatar kar deta raha tha. lekin beg da ne saurashtr ko apane adhikar mean lene ki niti ke aantargat use apane rajy mean vilin karana chaha tha. saurashtr samriddh pradesh tha. usaki bhoomi ki kee pattiyaan upajaoo thian, aur usake unnat bandaragah the. kintu durbhagy se saurashtr pradesh mean lutere aur samudri dakoo bhi bahut the jo vyapariyoan aur jahajoan par ghat lagaye rahate the. giranar ka qila, saurashtr par adhikar banaye rakhane aur siandh ke viruddh abhiyan ke lie bahut upayukt tha.
giranar abhiyan
mahamood beg da ne giranar ko bhari fauj lekar gher tha. yadyapi giranar ke raja ke pas qile mean bahut kam bandookean thi, phir bhi usane virata se muqabala kiya, lekan vah har gaya. kaha jata hai ki is durgam qile par beg da ki jit rajadroh ke karan huee. raja ke 'kamadar'[3] ki patni ka balapoorvak apaharan kar liya gaya tha. vah apani svami ki har ke sh dayantr mean sammilit thi. qile par beg da ka adhikar hone ke bad raja ne islam svikar kar liya aur sultan ki sena mean use shamil kar liya gaya. sultan ne giranar ki paha di ke niche 'mustafabad' nam ka shahar basaya. usane vahaan kee b di-b di imaratean banavane ko kaha. is prakar vah gujarat ki doosari rajadhani ban gaya.
dvaraka ki vijay
apane shasan ke bad ke saloan mean mahamood beg da ne dvaraka ko fateh kiya. isaka pramukh karan samudri dakoo the, jo us bandaragah se makka jane vale haj yatriyoan ko lootate the. lekin is abhiyan mean vahaan ke kee prasiddh hindoo mandiroan ko bhi gira diya gaya. khanadesh aur malava ko apane adhikar mean karane ki sultan ki yojana mean champaner ke qile ka samarik mahatv tha. vahaan ka shasak halaanki gujarat ke adhin tha, lekin malava se usake nikat sambandh the. champaner ka patan 1454 mean hua. raja aur usake sathiyoan ne kahian se sahayata n milati dekhakar jauhar kiya aur antim adami jivit rahane tak l date rahe. mahamood ne champaner ke nikat 'moohammadabad' nam ka naya shahar basaya. usane vahaan kee sundar bag lagavaye aur use apana mukhy nivas banaya.
shasan vyavastha
mahamood beg da ko purtagaliyoan se bhi sangharsh karana p da. ve pashchim eshiya ke deshoan ke sath gujarat ke vyapar mean hastakshep kar rahe the. purtagaliyoan ki nausena shakti ko kam karane ke lie usane misr ke sultan ka sath diya. lekin usamean use koee saphalata nahian mili. mahamood beg da ke lambe aur shantipoorn kal mean vyapar mean unnati huee. usane yatriyoan ki suvidha ke lie anek karavaan-sarayoan aur yatri-sarayoan ka nirman karavaya. usake rajy mean vyapari santusht the, kyoanki s dakean yatayat ke lie surakshit thian. mahamood beg da ko aupacharik shiksha nahian mili thi, lekin vidvanoan ki sangati mean usane bahut jnan prapt kar liya tha. usake shasan kal mean anek arabi-granthoan ka farasi mean anuvad kiya gaya. usaka darabari kavi 'udayaraj' tha, jo sanskrit ka kavi tha.
vyaktitv
mahamood beg da ka vyaktitv akarshak tha. usaki dadhi kamar tak pahuanchati thi aur mooanchhean itani lambi thian ki vah unhean sir ke oopar baandhata tha. us kal ke yatri 'barabosa' ke anusar mahamood ko bachapan se hi kisi zahar ka sevan karaya gaya tha. atah usake hath par yadi koee makkhi baith jati thi, to vah phoolakar turant mar jati thi. mahamood petoo ke roop mean bhi prasiddh tha. kaha jata hai ki vah nashte mean ek katora shahad, ek katora makkhan aur sau se dedh sau tak kele khata tha. vah din bhar mean 10 se 15 kilo bhojan khata tha. yah bhi kaha jata hai ki rat ke samay usake takie ke donoan or gosht ke samosoan se bhari tashtariyaan rakh di jati thian, taki bhookh lagane par vah turant kha sake. mahamood ke vishay mean sare desh mean tarah-tarah ki kapol kathaean prachalit thian. ek italavi yatri 'ludoviko di varadema' usake rajy mean aya tha, usane bhi in kathaoan ka ullekh kiya hai.
nidhan
mahamood beg da ke samay mean gujarat rajy apani unnati ke shikhar par pahuanch gaya tha aur desh ke sarvadhik shaktishali aur sushasit rajyoan mean se ek ban gaya tha. bad mean bhi yah itana shaktishali raha ki mugal shahanshah humayooan ke lie ek khatara ban gaya. 23 navambar, 1511 ko isaki mrityu ke bad usaka putr khalil khaan, 'mujaffarashah dvitiy' ki padavi grahan kar sianhasan par baitha.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
sanbandhit lekh
varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
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