महोपनिषद

samavediy parampara se sambaddh mahopanishad shrinarayan ke mahanh svaroop ko prakat karane vala hai. ise shukadevaji aur raja janak tatha rribhu v nidagh ke prashnottar ke roop mean likha gaya hai. isamean kul chhah adhyay hai.

pratham adhyay

'narayan' ka svaroop is adhyay mean sarvapratham shrinarayan ke advitiy eeshvariy svaroop ka vivechan hai. usake uparant jnanendriyoan aur karmeanndriyoan ka vivechan hai. phir rudr ki utpatti aur brahma ke janm ka kathanak hai. devataoan adi ka pradurbhav aur narayan ke virat svaroop ka vivechan hai. is virat svaroop vale narayan ko hriday dvara hi paya ja sakata hai; kyoanki vahi isaka sthan hai.

doosara adhyay

jivan-jagat kya hai?

is adhyay mean shukadev ji vyas ji ke upadeshoan ke prati 'jagat ke prapanch-roop ke prakatikaran aur vinash' vishay ko lekar anadar bhav prakat karate haian. shanka-samadhan ke lie ve raja janak ke pas jate haian. raja janak pahale shukadev ji ko samast bhog-vilasoan ke madhy rakhakar unaki pariksha lete haian. jab bhog-vilas shukadev ji ko nahian diga pate, to raja janak unaki ichchha poochhakar, unaki shanka ka samadhan karate haian, parantu shukadev ji kahate haian ki unake pita ne bhi aisa hi kaha tha ki 'man ke vikalp se hi prapanch utpann hote haian aur us vikalp ke nasht ho jane par prapanchoan ka vinash ho jata hai.' yah jagath nindaniy aur sar-rahit hai, yah nishchit hai. tab yah jivan kya hai? ise batane ki kripa karean.

is par raja janak ke tattv-darshan ka upadesh shukadev ji ko dete haian. videharaj ne kaha-'he vats! yah drishy jagath hai hi nahian, aisa poorn bodh jab ho jata hai, tab drishy vishay se man ki shuddhi ho jati hai. aisa jnan poorn hone par hi use nirvan prapt hota hai v shanti milati hai. jo vasanaoan ka tyag kar deta hai, samast padarthoan ki akaanksha se rahit ho jata hai, jo sadaiv atma mean lin rahata hai, jisaka man ekagr aur pavitr hai, jo sarvatr moh-rahit hai, nishkami hai, shok aur harshollas mean saman bhav rakhata hai, jisake man mean ahankar, eershya v dvesh ke bhav nahian haian, jo tyagi hai, jo dharm-adharm, sukh-du:kh, janm-mrityu adi ke bhavoan se pare hai, vahi purush jivan-mukt kahalata hai. aisi videh-mukti gambhir aur stabdh hoti hai. aisi avastha mean sarvatr prakash aur anand hi anubhav hota hai. yahi shiv-svaroop chaitany hai. isake atirikt kuchh nahian hai.'
videharaj raja janak ke is tattv-darshan ko sunakar shukadevaji sanshay-rahit hokar paramatattv atma mean sthit hokar shant ho gaye.

tisara adhyay

sansar nashvar hai yah adhyay 'nidagh' muni ke vicharoan ko pratipadan karata hai. isamean mayavi jagath ko anity bataya gaya hai. trishna aur deh ki ninda ki gayi hai. sansar ko du:khamay siddh kiya gaya hai aur vairagy se tattv jijnasa ka shaman kiya gaya hai.

chautha adhyay

moksh kya hai?

is adhyay mean 'moksh' ke char upayoan ka varnan hai. ye char-'sham' (manonigrah), 'vichar,' 'santosh' aur 'satsang'- haian. yadi inamean se ek ka bhi ashray prapt kar liya jaye, to shesh tin svayamev hi vash mean ho jate haian. is nashvar jagath se 'moksh' prapt karane ke lie 'tap,' 'dam' (indriyadaman), 'shastr' evan 'satsang' se satat abhyas dvara atmachintan karana chahie.
guru evan shastr-vachanoan ke dvara ant:anubhooti se ant:shuddhi hoti hai. usi ke satat abhyas se atm-sakshatkar kiya ja sakata hai. shubh-ashubh ke shravan se, bhojan se, sparsh se, darshan se aur evan jnan se jis manushy ko n to prasannata hoti hai aur n du:kh hota hai, vahi manushy shant au samadarshi kahalata hai. santosh-roopi amrit ka pan kar jnani jan atma ke mahanad (paramanand) ko prapt karate haian. jab is drishy jagath ki satta ka abhav, bodhagamy ho jata hai, tabhi vah sanshayarahit jnan ko samajh pata hai. yahi atma ka kaivaly roop hai. yah jagath to matr manovilas hai. mukti ki akaanksha rakhane vale sadhak ko 'brahmatattv' ke bad-vivad mean n p dakar usaka chintan-bhar karana chahie.' yahaan mera kuchh nahian hai, sab usi ka hai. usi ki shakti se abaddh hamara yah astittv hai.' aisa samajhana chahie.

paanchavaan adhyay

jnan-ajnan ki bhoomika is adhyay mean jnan-ajnan ki sat bhoomikaoan ka ullekh hai. maharshi rribhu apane putr se kahate haian ki 'ajnan' aur 'jnan' ki sat-sat bhoomikaean haian. ahan bhav 'ajnan' ka mool svaroop hai. isi se 'yah maian hooan aur yah mera hai' ka bhav utpann hota hai. ajnan se hi rag-dveshadi utpann hote haian aur jiv mohagrast hokar atm-svaroop se pare hat jata hai.
jnan ki pahali bhoomika 'shubhechchha' se prarambh hoti hai. satsangati se vairagy utpann hota hai, sadachar ki bhavanaean jagrat hot haian aur bhog-vasanaoan ki asakti kshin ho jati hai. jnani jan satkarmoan mean sanlagn rahakar sanatan sadacharan ki parampara ka nirvah karate haian. aise jnani purush dehatyag ke pashchath 'mukti' ke adhikari hote haian.

chhatha adhyay

samadhi aur jivan-mukt is adhyay mean samadhi se parameshvar ki prapti, jnaniyoan ki upasana-vidhi, ajnaniyoan ki du:khad sthiti, vasana-tyag ke upay, jivanmukt vyakti ki mahima adi ka varnan kiya gaya hai. kisi bhi prajnavan purush mean jagath ki nashvarata ka bhav, nirbhayata, samata, nityata, nishkam drishti, somyata, dhairy, maitri, santosh, mriduta, mohahinata adi ka samavesh rahata hai. aisa vyakti hi 'jivanmukt' hota hai.

sanbandhit lekh

shrutiyaan

varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj

a a i ee u oo e ai o au aan k kh g gh n ch chh j jh n t th d dh n t th d dh n p ph b bh m y r l v sh sh s h ksh tr jn rri rri aau shr aah