मार्को पोलो

	marko polo
	marko polo\|200px\|center
poora nam	marko polo
janm	15 sitambar, 1254
janm bhoomi	venis
mrityu	29 janavari
mrityu sthan	1324
abhibhavak	pita- nikolas polo, mata- nikol enna defyuseh
pati/patni	donata bador
santan	phyanatina, bellela r moretta
karm-kshetr	vyapari, anveshak
prasiddhi	marko polo ki yatra
any janakari	marko polo ne bharat mean kee sthanoan ki yatra ki thi. usane keral ke 'kayal' namak prachin nagar aur bandaragah ka bhi ullekh kiya hai. marko polo yahaan ke nivasiyoan ki samriddhi dekhakar chakit rah gaya tha.

marko polo (aangrezi: Marco Polo, janm- 15 sitambar, 1254, venis; mrityu- 29 janavari, 1324) ek italavi vyapari, khojakarta, aur rajadoot tha. use eshiya pahuanchane vala pratham yooropiy vyakti mana jata hai. prachin resham marg ki yatra karane valoan mean se vah bhi ek tha.

janm tatha parivar

marko polo ka janm 15 sitambar, 1254 ko venis ganarajy (itali) mean madhy yug ke aant mean hua tha. usake pita ka nam nikolas polo tha. marko polo ne apane pita aur apane chacha 'mateyo' ke sath kee samudrik yatraean ki thian. vah resham marg ki yatra karane vale sarvapratham yooropiyanoan mean se ek tha. usane apani yatra 1271 mean laiasus bandaragah (armeniya) se praranbh ki thi.

yatra ka prarambh

marko polo ki yatra ka praranbh 1271 mean satrah varsh ki umr mean hua. venis se shuroo huee apani yatra mean vah kustunatuniya se volga tat, vahaan se siriya, faras, karakoram, aur phir karakoram se uttar ki or bukhara se hote hue madhy eshiya mean stepi ke maidanoan se guzarakar pikiang pahuancha. is poori yatra mean marko polo ko sadhe tin varsh ka samay laga. is avadhi mean marko polo ne mangol bhasha bhi sikh li thi. pikiang mean usaki niyukti mangol samrajy ki sivil seva mean huee. yahaan marko polo ne pandrah varsh tak rahate hue khakan ki nishthapoorvak seva ki aur phir 1295 mean vapas venis laut gaya. vapas lautane ke bad vah logoan ke najaroan mean ek lokapriy kathakar ban gaya. log usake yatra vrittaantoan ko sunane ke lie usake pas jama rahate the.

bharat yatra

marko polo ne bharat mean bhi kee sthanoan ki yatra ki thi. usane keral ke 'kayal' namak prachin nagar aur bandaragah ka bhi ullekh kiya hai. marko polo yahaan ke nivasiyoan ki samriddhi dekhakar chakit rah gaya tha. vah apane yatra vivaran mean likhata hai-

"jis raja ka yah nagar hai, usake pas vishal koshagar hai aur vah khud kimati javaharat dharan kiye rahata hai. vah bahut that-bat se rahata hai aur apane rajy par yuktiyukt dhang se shasan karata hai aur videshiyoan aur vyapariyoan ke prati pakshapat baratata hai, taki ve is shahar mean akar prasann hoan. is shahar mean sabhi jahaz ate haian, pashchim se, haramos se, kish se, adan se aur sabhi arab deshoan se un par gho de aur bikri ki any chizean ladi rahati haian. vyaparik bandaragah hone ke karan yahaan as-pas ke kshetroan mean b di bhi d hoti hai aur is shahar mean b de-b de vyapar ka adan-pradan hota hai."

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

tika tippani aur sandarbh

sanbandhit lekh

varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj

a a i ee u oo e ai o au aan k kh g gh n ch chh j jh n t th d dh n t th d dh n p ph b bh m y r l v sh sh s h ksh tr jn rri rri aau shr aah