मेघदूत

meghadoot
'meghadoot' ka avaran prishth|150px|center
kavi	mahakavi kalidas
mool shirshak	meghadoot
prakashak	dayamand p aauket buks
prakashan tithi	1 janavari 2005
ISBN	81-7182-947-3
desh	bharat
bhasha	sanskrit (mool)
vidha	kavy-granth
vishesh	meghadoot vipralambh shrriangar ka sanskrit sahity mean sahity mean sarvotkrisht kavy kaha ja sakata hai.
tippani	samikshakoan ne ise n keval sanskrit jagath mean apitu vishv sahity mean shreshth kavy ke roop mean aankit kiya hai.

meghadoot mahakavi kalidas ki apratim rachana hai. akeli yah rachana hi unhean 'kavikul guru' upadhi se mandit karane mean samarth hai. bhasha, bhavapravanata, ras, chhand aur charitr-chitran samast ddashtiyoan se meghadoot anupam khandakavy hai. sahriday rasikoan ne mukt kanth se isaki sarahana ki hai. samikshakoan ne ise n keval sanskrit jagath mean apitu vishv sahity mean shreshth kavy ke roop mean aankit kiya hai. meghadoot mean kathanak ka abhav sa hai. vastut: yah pranayakar hriday ki abhivyakti hai.

• meghadoot ke do bhag haian -

1. poorvamegh evan
2. uttaramegh.

vishayavastu

alaka nagari ke adhipati dhanaraj kuber apane sevak yaksh ko kartavy-pramad ke karan ek varsh ke lie nagar - nishkasan ka shap de dete haian. vah yaksh alaka nagari se sudoor dakshin disha mean ramagiri ke ashramoan mean nivas karane lagata hai. sadyavivahit yaksh jaise - taise ath mah vyatit kar leta hai, kiantu jab vah ashadh mas ke pahale din ramagiri par ek meghakhand ko dekhata hai, to patni yakshi ki smriti se vyakul ho uthata hai. vah yah sochakar ki megh alakapuri pahuanchega to preyasi yakshi ki kya dasha hogi, adhir ho jata hai aur priya ke jivan ki raksha ke lie sandesh bhejane ka nirnay karata hai. megh ko hi sarvottam patr ke roop mean pakar yathochit satkar ke anantar usase dootakary ke lie nivedan karata hai. ramagiri se vida lene ka anurodh karane ke pashchath yaksh megh ko ramagiri se alaka tak ka marg savistar batata hai. marg mean kaun-kaun se parvat p deange jin par kuchh kshan ke lie megh ko vishram karana hai, kaun-kaun si nadiyaan jinamean megh ko tho da jal grahan karana hai aur kaun-kaun se gram athava nagar p deange, jahaan barasa kar use shitalata pradan karana hai ya nagaroan ka avalokan karana hai, in sabaka ullekh karata hai. ujjayini, vidisha, dashapur adi nagaroan, brahmavart, kanakhal adi tirthoan tatha vetravati, gambhira adi nadiyoan ko par kar megh himalay aur us par basi alaka nagari tak pahuanchane ki kalpana yaksh karata hai. uttaramegh mean alakanagari, yaksh ka ghar, usaki priya aur priya ke lie usaka sandesh- yah vishayavastu hai.

meghadoot ki tikayean

• d aau. en. pi. unni ne meghoodat par likhi 63 tikaoan ka vivaran diya hai. inamean suprasiddh tikakar dinakar mishr, poorn sarasvati, malatimadhav adi prabandhoan par vishrut tika likhane vale jagaddhar, parameshvar, saroddharini ka ajnat nama lekhak, mahimasanghagani, sumativijay, vijayasoorigani, bharatallik , krishnapati adi ki tikayean ullekhaniy haian.

tikakaroan dvara meghadoot ka samikshan

nayak-vichar -

• tikakaroan ne meghadoot ke vishay mean sookshm udbhavanaoan tatha tattvik vishleshan ke sath kriti ka gahan anushilan prastut kiya hai. kalidas ne apane is kavy mean nayak yaksh ka kahian bhi nam nirdisht nahian kiya aur n usaki priya yakshini ka hi. kavy ka pahala hi pad 'kashchit' hai- 'koee' anam yaksh isaka nayak hai. is 'kashchit' pad ke pichhe nihit kavi ke tatpary par anek tikakaroan ne vichar kiya hai. tikakar sumativijay ne to 'kashchit' pad ke pichhe yaksh ke aparadh ke prati bhartsana ka bhav paya hai aur praman ke lie nimnalikhit prachin pady uddhat kiya hai-

bharturajnaan n kurvanti ye ch vishvasaghataka:.
teshaan nanapi n grahman kavyarambhe visheshat:॥

• tikakar krishnapati ka bhi yahian mat hai ki apana svayan ka, gurujan ka tatha abhishapt vyakti ka nam nahian liya jana chahiye - is vidhan ka palan karane ke liye kavi ne yaksh ka nam nahian liya.
• tikakar haragovind ne bhi isi mat ko doharate hue bharatamuni ki yah karika bhi uddhat ki hai, jisaka srot anusandhey hai-

khandakavyamukhan kuryat kashchidityadibhi: padai:.
sargabandhevashyan tu nam kary sushobhanam॥

• tadanusar khandakavy mean nayak ka nam nirdesh n karake 'kashchit' adi padoan ka prayog karana chahiye. haragovind ne vaikalpik roop se yah samadhan bhi diya hai ki abhishapt ya du:khit patr ka namagrahan nahian karana chahiye.
• tikakar bharatamallik ne 'kashchit' pad ki vyakhya mean chh: mat prastut kiye haian, jinamean tin mat to ukt tikakaroan ke hi haian.
• chauthe mat vyakhya mean chh: mat prastut kiye haian, jinamean tin mat to ukt tikakaroan ke hi haian. chauthe mat ke anusar asti kashchid vagvishesh; vidyottama ki is ukti ka anurodh hi kashchit pad ke prayog ka karan hai.
• paanchavean mat ke anusar meghadoot ki kathavastu ka prakhyat n hokar kalpit hona is sarvanam ke prayog ka hetu hai.

meghadoot ke srot

meghadoot ke srot ke vishay mean in tikakaroan ne vishad vichar kiya hai. dakshinavartanath ka kathan hai ki ramayan se sita ke prati hanuman ke mukh se ram ke dvara preshit sandesh ko man mean rakh kar usake patroan ka meghadoot ke patroan ke roop mean upasthit karate hue kavi kalidas ne is kavy ki rachana ki - il khalu kavi: sitaan prati hanoomata harit sandesh hridayen, samudvahan tatsthaniyanayakadyutpadanen sandeshan karoti.

• mallinath ne dakshinavartanath ki vyakhya ka adhar svikar karate hue ramayan ki prerana meghadoot ki rachana mean prishthabhoomi mana hai. par ramayan ke patroan aur meghadoot ke patroan ke adhyavasan ka unhoanne n samarthan kiya hai, n virodh ; jabaki poornasarasvati ne ramayan se kalidas ko prerit manate hue dakshinavartanath ki is manyata ka k da virodh kiya hai ki yaksh - yakshini - vrittaant mean ram - sita - vrittaant ki samadhi hai. unaka tark hai ki yadi meghadoot mean sita - raghavavritt ka adhyavasan hota to kavi usaka upaman ke roop mean ya anyatha prithakh ullekh kyoan karata?
• par isake sath hi poornasarasvati ne kalidas ko 'ramayan rasayan parayan mahakavi' kah kar unake kee padyoan mean ramayan ki chhaya nidarshit ki hai. poornasarasvati ne meghadoot par mahabharat ka bhi prabhav mana hai. sthoonakarn namak yaksh ko kuber dvara shap diye jane ki mahabharatokt katha ko unhoanne vistar se sakshy ke roop mean prastut kiya hai. isi prakar nalakoobar aur manigriv namak yakshoan ke shapagrast hone ka vrittaant bhi meghadoot ki rachana mean prerak ho sakata hai.
• tathapi isamean koee sandeh nahian ki meghadoot ki rachana prakriya mean adi kavi valmiki ki sarvatishayi pratibha aur sitaraghav vrittaant tatha hanumatsandesh prakaran ki prerana adyant bani rahi hai. dakshinavartanath tatha poornasarasvati adi tikakaroan ne to anusandhanapoorvak ramayan ke aise anek sthal meghadoot ke pady ki vyakhya mean uddhat kiye haian, jinaka aprastut vidhan, kalpana ya bhav lekar kavi ne anyachchhaya yoni kavy ka atyant utkrisht udaharan meghadoot mean prastut kiya hai. meghadoot ki yakshini ke liye kavi ne upama utkrisht udaharan meghadoot mean prastut kiya hai. meghadoot ki yakshini ke lie kavi ne upama di hai - yaksh ko lagata hai ki usaki priya shishir mean murajhaee padmini jaisi ho gayi hogi.
• poornasarasvati ke anusar yah utpreksha ramayan mean sitavarnan ke nimnalikhit pady par adharit hai-

himahatanaliniv nashtashobha vyasanaparamparaya nipinyamana.
sahachararahitev chakravaki janakasuta kripanaan dasha prapanna॥

• isi prakar yakshini ke varnan mean kavi ne prem ki ananyanishth bhavottanata ki jo karunik chhavi aankit ki hai, usaka bhi adhar ramayan mean hanuman ke dvara sita ke darshan ke samay ki gayi is abhivyakti mean poornasarasvati ne paya hai-

naisha pashyati rakshasyoan neman pushpaphaladruman.
ekasthahridaya noonan ramamevanupashyati.
naiv danshaanshch mashakan n kitan n sarisripan
raghavapanayed gatrat tvadagatenaantaratmana॥

• isi prakar yaksh jab kahata hai- he megh tumhari sakhi yakshini ka man mere liye sneh se labalab bhara hai, to poornasarasvati isamean sita ki premamayata pratibimbit pate haian-
  

'anyonya raghavenahan bhaskar prabha yatha.'

• isi prakar dakshinavartanath tatha poornasarasvati ne meghadoot ke anek padyoan mean ramayan se bhavasamy tatha ramayan ki prerana ka digdarshan karaya hai. udaharanarth-

tvayyasanne nayanamuparispandi shanke mrigakshya
minakshobhachchalakuvalay shritulameshyatiti॥

• machhali ke uchhalane se hilate nilakamal ka netr ke lie yah upaman valmiki ne virah-vidhura sita ke lie sadrish prasang mean prayukt kiya- 'praspandataikan nayanan sukeshya minahatan padmamamivatitamram.
  

agale chhand mean kalidas ne yaksh ke mukh se pun: utpreksha karayi hai-
yasyatyooru: sarasakadalistambhagaurashchalatvam.'
yahaan bhi valmiki ki is abhivyakti ki chhaya in tikakaroan ne dekhi hai-
'praspandaman: punarurastha ram: purastat sthitamachachakshe.'
vastut:dootakavy ki parampara ka mool vaidik sanhitaoan mean hai, jis par 'sandeshakavy vishayak adhyay mean vichar kiya gaya hai.

katha ki prishthabhoomi

meghadoot mean mahakavy - khandakavyadi ke saman katha kahana kavi ka lakshy nahian hai. katha ka sanket pahale pady mean bahut sookshm roop se karake vah yaksh ki manodashaoan ki gahan mimaansa tatha tajjany rasasiddhi mean tallin ho jata hai. kuchh tikakaroan ne yogavasishth mean ek paksh ke shapagrast hone ki katha ko meghadoot ke kathanak ki is bhoomika ka adhar mana jata hai. to jain tikakaroan ne alag-alag roop mean is katha ka pratipadan kiya hai. ek katha mean kuber ko pooja ke lie sadyovikasit kamalapushp dene ke sthan par ek din poorv to de gaye basi pushp dene par yaksh shapagrast hota hai. any katha mean kuber ke udyan ka dvar asavadhani se khula chho d dene par airavat ke dvara ghus kar udyan tahas-nahas kar diye jane ke karan. any katha mean kuber ke lie yaksh ne jo pushpashayya banayi thi, us par svayan so jane ke aparadh ke karan use dand vidhan dilaya gaya hai. ek any katha mean vah pooja ke liye nirmit mala pahale apani priya ko pahana deta hai. vastut: meghadoot mean yaksh ki bhavakulata aur yaksh - yakshini ke pragadh anurag ke chitran ke adhar par tikakaroan ne apane-apane dhang se is prakar ki kathaoan ki kalpana kar dali hai.

bauddh sahity mean meghadoot ka katha-srot

katipay adhunik vidvanoan ne meghadoot ki kathabhoomi ka adhar prachin bauddh vaangamay mean mana hai. isamean koee sandeh nahian ki tripitak sahity mean kuchh aise prasang milate haian, jinamean dauty tatha pranayini ke prati karun sandesh ka niroopan hai. kalidas ke lie ye prasang prerak the athava nahian yah vicharaniy hai. dighanikay ke sakkapanhasutt mean sakk namak vyakti buddh ke pas svayan n jakar panchashikh namak gandharv ke dvara sandesh bhejana hai, aur panchashikh sandesh mean jo prastut karata hai, unaka vishay shrriangar tatha prem hai aur bhavadhara meghadoot ke sadrish hai. bauddhoan ki manyata hai ki shrriangarit hote hue bhi in gathaoan mean darshanik arth aantarnihit hai. kiantu in gathaoan mean panchashikh tatha madda sooriyavachchasa ke pranayanurag ka udghat bhi hua hai aur panchashikh ke kathanoan mean yaksh ki abhivyakti se samy bhi hai.

• rayaj devidas tatha chaildars ki yah bhi manyata hai ki kalidas ko alakanagari ki parikalpana bauddh sahity mean mahaparinijbanasutt mean varnit devoan ki rajadhani alakananda se mili hai.

meghadoot ki atmakathatmakata

• katipay tikakaroan ne meghadoot mean svayan kavi ke dvara apane svayan ke sambandh mean paroksh roop se sanket ya sandarbh diye jane ki sambhavana par bhi vichar kiya hai. anushruti hai ki kalidas ne vikramadity raja ki bhagini aur apani pranayini ke virah mean yah kavy likha tha tatha isake nayak ve svayan haian.
• chaudahavian shatabdi mean keral mean manipravalam shaili mean likhit kakadoot namak kavy mean kaha gaya hai-

svastre poorv mahitanripatervikramadityanamn:
pokkanchakre tarunajaladan kalidas: kavindr:॥

• mahakavi kshemendr ne bhi raja vikramadity dvara kalidas ko pravarasen ke pas bheje jane tatha kavi dvara is pravasavadhi mean 'kuantaleshvaradauty' ki rachana karane ka sanket diya hai.
• aisi sthiti mean tikakaroan ka meghadoot ke vividh varnanoan tatha ullekhoan mean kavi ke atmanubhav ki chhaya khojane ka prayas karana svabhavik hi hai. meghadoot ke pady mean 'nichul' tatha 'dinnag' in do shabdoan ke prayog ke adhar par tikakaroan ka anuman hai ki kavi kalidas ne yahaan apane samay ke nichul kavi tatha dinnag namak pandit ka ullekh kiya hai. dakshinavartanath ka kathan hai ki nichul kavi kalidas ke mitr the, yahaan tak ki nichul kavi ka banaya ek pady bhi dakshinavartanath ne uddhat kiya hai. dinnag pandit apane 'sthoolahastavalep' ke sath kalidas ki katu alochana karate the. kavi ne is pad mean un par kataksh kiya hai.
• dakshinavartanath ka anugaman karate hue mallinath ne bhi is kianvadanti ko manyata di hai.

rasasrishti

meghadoot vipralambh shrriangar ka sanskrit sahity mean sahity mean sarvotkrisht kavy kaha ja sakata hai. virah vedana ki tivrata, prem ki ananyata tatha bhavaikatanata ka aisa anootha chitran, vah bhi gambhir jivanadrishti tatha saanskritik moolyabodh ke sath, anyatr nahian milata. kavi ne apana kavy us yaksh ki us manodasha ke chitran ke sath arambh kiya hai, jab ramagiri par abhishapt jivan vyatit karate-karate usane kisi tarah ath mahine to bita diye haian. milan ka samay nikat ata ja raha hai, usaki priya ke liye chianta aur usase milane ki aturata badhati ja rahi hai. yaksh bavala aur ardhavikshipt sa ho gaya hai. aise mean vah svapn, kalpana aur abhivyakti ke dvara apane ap ko jilaye rakhana chahata hai. utkrit jijivisha, bhavasandrata aur manushy ke kalpanalok ki ramyata ka bejo d samavay meghadoot mean ham anubhav karate haian. hriday ki sukumarata aur prem ke prasar ka bhi bodh meghadoot deta hai, vah bharatiy sahity mean sudurlabh hai. yaksh ka chitt kamatur hai, par prem aur virah ki aanch usake kalush ko dhoti chali gayi hai. is prakar meghadoot ki rasasrishti mean manovijnan aur chitt ke sanskar ki prakriya ko kavipratibha ne b di kushalata se meghadoot mean piroan diya hai.

chhandovidhan tatha bhashashaili

meghadoot mean adyant keval 'mandakraanta' chhand ka hi prayog hai. is chhand ki vishisht lay tatha yati se yah samagr kavy vedana, uchchhvas-ni:shvas tatha megh ki drutavilambit gati ka anubhav deta hai. vastut: kalidas ke dvara is chhnd ke itane satik prayog ke karan hi achary-parampara mean yah manyata sthapit huee ki varsha, pravas tatha vyasan ke varnan ke liye 'mandakraanta chhand' vishesh upayukt hai. kshemendr kalidas ke mandakraanta-prayog ki sarahana karate hue kahate haian -

pravritapravas-vyasane mandakraanta virajate.

is chhand ki vishisht sanrachana gati, lay, tvara aur mantharata ka ek sath both karati hai aur kalidas ne tadanuroop ki sare kavy mean bhasha aur padavali ka bhi anukool prayog kiya hai, jisamean yaksh ke aantarjagat tatha bahm jagath usake man ki aturata aur gambhirata, vyatha aur vivek tatha megh ko shidhr bhejane aur tvarik gati ke lie usaka nirdesh, phir bhi sare desh mean pratyek suramy ya pavitr sthal par atak-atak kar use age le jane ki chah-in sabaka paryavaran is vishisht bhasha - shaili ke dvara rachata chala gaya hai. tvara aur mantharata donoan ka bhav samekit karati huee shabdavali bhi sajal hokar kavi ne yahaan gooanthi hai - jo laghugati: (16), gantumashu vyasyet (23), vahayedadhvashesham-mandayante n khalu suhradamabhyupetarthakritya: (41), utpatodanmukh: kham-adi mean padavali ki gatyatmakata aur tvara ki abhivyakti tatha 'khinn: khinn shikharishu padan nyasy gantasi yatr, kshin: kshin: parilaghu pay: shrotasaan chopabhujy - (13), sthitva tasmin vanacharavadhoomuktakunje muhoortam - (19), kalakshepan kakubhasurabhau parvate parvate te (23) nichairakhyan girimadhivasestatr vishramaheto: (26), sthatavy te nayanavishayan yavadatyeti bhanu: (37), nitva ratrian chiravilasanat khinnavidyutkalatr: (41), prasthan te kathamapi sakhe lambamanasy bhavi (44), nanacheshtairjalad lalitairnirvishestan nagendram- (65) - thahar-thahar kar atak-atak kar age badhane ka bhav prakat karati chalati hai. vastut: meghadoot chhandovidhan aur bhasha-shaili ki drishti se sanskrit sahity ki anupam nidhi hai.

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