मेवाड़ की चित्रकला

meva d vishay soochi

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meva d ki chitrakala
shikar ke lie jate hue meva d ke pradhanamantri amir chand badava|200px|center
vivaran	meva d ke paramparagat phalak sanyojan mean chitrosham tatv rekha, roop, rang evan pratikoan ke takaniki aankan paddhatiyoan ki navin vidhaean tatha roopoan mean navin abhipray apana vishesh mahatv rakhate haian.
rajy	rajasthan
zila	udayapur zila
sanbandhit lekh	meva d ki chitrakala (takaniki), kuanbhalagadh, chittau d, haldighati
any janakari	meva d ki chitraankan kala mean vibhinn manaviy abhivyaktiyaan b di svabhavikata se ukeri gee haian. isamean jivan ke sabhi rasoan ka chitran kiya gaya hai.

meva d ki chitrakala kafi lambe samay se hi logoan ka dhyan akarshit karati rahi hai. yahaan chitraankan ki apani ek vishisht paranpara hai, jise yahaan ke chitrakar pidhiyoan se apanate rahe haian. 'chitare' apane anubhavoan evan suvidhaoan ke anusar chitran ke kee ne tarike bhi khojate rahe. rochak tathy yah hai ki yahaan ke kee sthaniy chitran kendroan mean ve paranparagat takanik aj bhi jivit haian. takanikoan ka pradurbhav pashchimi bharatiy chitran paddhati ke anuroop hi ta dapatroan ke chitran karyoan mean hi upalabdh hota hai. yashodhara dvara ullekhit shadaang ke sandarbh evan 'samaraichchakaha' evan 'kuvalayamala' kaha jaise granthoan mean 'datthum' shabd ka prayog chitr ki samiksha hetu hua hai, jisase is kshetr ki utkrisht paranpara ke praman milate haian. ye chitr moolyaankan ki kasauti ke roop mean pramukh manak tatha samiksha ke adhar the.

vikas kram

vikas ke is satath pravah mean vishnudharmottar puran, samaraangan sootradhar evan chitr lakshan jaise any granthoan mean varnit chitrakarm ke siddhaant ka bhi palan kiya gaya hai. paranparagat kala siddhaantoan ke anuroop hi shastriy vivechan mean aye adarshavad evan yatharthavad ka nirvah hua hai. praranbhik svaroopoan ka ullekh athavian sadi mean haribhadrasoori dvara rachit 'samaraichchikaha' evan 'kuvalayamalakaha' jaise prakrit granthoan se prapt kala sandarbhoan mean milata hai. in granthoan mean vibhinn prakar ke rang-tulika evan chitraphalakoan ka tatkalin sahityik sandarbhoan ke anukool ullekh meva d mean pramanit roop se chitran ke takaniki paksh ka kramik vikas yahian se manate haian. yahaan ke chitravashesh 1229 ee. ke utkirn bhittichitroan evan 1260 ee ke tal patroan par milate haian.

chitran paranpara

meva d mean praranbhik gurjar prabhav kal se hi chitroan mean nak, aankh, thuddi evan pahanave ka aankan jain chitroan evan gurjar kala mean vikasit hua hai. pashu, pakshi, pe d, pattiyaan, phal-phool adi ka kalatmak saralikaran, nari chitroan ke pahanave mean sadagi evan any saralikrit akritiyaan tatkalin chitran paranpara mean adhunik roopoan evan viroopan ko vyakt karati hai. rangoan mean bhi bhinn-bhinn prakar ki rang shreniyaan evan jhaiyoan ka prayog bahut hua hai. rekha, rang, roop evan sanyojan ka vishleshanatmak prayog meva d chitr shaili mean santulit dhang se kiya gaya hai. yahi meva d ke paranparagat chitrakaroan ki kushal sujh-bujh ka pratik hai. chitr sanyojan ke sath atmik satvikata ke adhar par shrriangarik evan ritikalin rag-raginiyoan ka chitran hua hai, unamean bhi vahi satvik kaumary bhav hai, jinhean darshak eeshvariy gunoan ke anuroop man leta hai. yah is chitr shaili ke chitroan ki manovaijnanik sanyojan pranali ki visheshata hai. paranparagat meva d chitrashaili mean sabhi prerak tatv is chitrashaili ke kalavadi drishtikon ko prastut karate haian.

1. REDIRECTsaancha:inhean bhi dekhean

shabdayukt yojanaean

chitraankan ke kee takaniki adhar pidhi dar pidhi prachalit rahe, jinhean yahaan ke chitrakaroan ne sthaniy shabdavaliyoan mean apane anubhav dvara ek pidhi se doosari pidhi tak pahuanchaya. in shabdavaliyoan ne chitr ki chitrotam visheshataoan se lekar chitr ki bhavatmak abhivyakti tak ke sabhi tathyapoorn vicharoan evan gunoan ko baandha hai. paranparagat chitr shailiyoan mean chitran kary sthaniy shabdavaliyoan, muhavaroan, uktiyoan, shlokoan evan dohoan ke roop mean milate haian. inamean chitran abhiprayoan evan chitran paddhatiyoan ka vishleshan hai. chitrakaroan ki kritiyoan ki alochana ya samalochana ke samay ye shabdavaliyaan mool kasauti rahian. in shabdayukt yojanaoan ke do adhar haian-

1. shastrokt uktiyaan evan shlok, jo prachin granthoan se prapt haian.
2. maulik muhavare yukt yojanaean, jo anubhav se vikasit hue haian.

ukti paranpara

abhi tak aitihasik tathyoan evan sthaniy anubhavoan mean is prakar ki uktiyaan paranparagat chitrakaroan ke gharanoan mean dekhi ja sakati hai, jaise- "hath, hathi aur gho da aur tho da-tho da". yah ukti meva d ke sikhane vale chhatroan hetu prayukt rahi hai, jisamean mool siddhaantoan ka adhyayan chhipa hua hai. yahaan hath se keval hath ki akriti ke abhyas ka sanbandh nahian hai balki unamean jo saral rekhaoan ke chhote evan b de ghumav haian, unaka sukshm drishti se nirikshan evan abhyas hota hai. hathi ke aankan mean apratyaksh roop se b di ghumavadar, sudridh evan sashakt rekhaoan ka aankan kiye jane ki kshamata evan hathi ke aang-pratyangoan se anupat evan santulan ka dhyan rakhate hue chitran kary karane ki paddhati, chitrakar mean dhairy v dakshata ko prakat karata hai. gho da, pratyek chitrakar ke anupatik aankan evan abhyas ki dakshata parakhane ka mapadand hai. pravah poorn rekhaoan ka abhyas ek saphal chitrakar ke lie ati avashyak hai. isake atirikt use sabhi chitran ikaiyoan, unake abhiprayoan v pratikoan ko aankan karane vali samagri ki janakari avashy honi chahie. [[chitr:Mewar-painting-2.jpg|thumb|left|bagh aur hathi l date hue|300px]] chitrakari ki ek any doosari ukti ka sootr bhi aisi hi saiddhaantik prakriya par adharit hai, jaise- "hathi, hath, ooant tatha gho da". hathi se vishalata ka bodh, hath se praman v nap-tol ka jnan, ooant se chhoti v b de sabhi ghumanoan ka abhyas evan gho de se gatipoorn aankan prakriya adi samajhane par hi vyakti ko chitran kary ke upayukt mana ja sakata hai. vishay-vastu ki banavat v anupat matr ke adhar par roopabhed evan bhavoan mean parivartan ke siddhaant ka pratyek chitrakar dhyan rakhata hai. ek any ukti hai- "pag b doan kapoot ro, sar b doan sapoot ro." chitrakaroan se manav akriti evan aang-pratyangoan ke sukshm jnan tatha usake abhyas ki apeksha ki jati hai. isake anusar aankan n karane par arth mean bhari parivartan a sakata hai. udaharan ke lie 'amanushi', rakshasi (kapoot) gunoan ka aankan karate samay paanv ki akriti b di banaee jati hai, vahian mahanh vyakti ka sir b da banaya jata hai.

chitr sanyojan

meva d ke paramparagat phalak sanyojan mean chitrosham tatv rekha, roop, rang evan pratikoan ke takaniki aankan paddhatiyoan ki navin vidhaean tatha roopoan mean navin abhipray apana vishesh mahatv rakhate haian. isaka gaharaee se vishleshan evan sanshleshan ke sath abhyas karean to adhunik chitrakala mean hone vale prayogoan ko naye roop matr mean pate haian. meva d ke laghu chitroan ka sanyojan bharatiy chitrakala ke shastriy vidhi-vidhan par adharit hai. chitroan mean kathavastu ke anuroop sthan ki riktata, akriti ki jamavat, roop evan rangoan ki pratikatmak abhivyakti adi mean ek vishal drishtikon hota hai, jisase chitrakar apani ichchhanusar abhivyakt karane mean saphal hota hai. soonapan dikhane ke lie chitr phalak par vistrit jangal mean chhoti-si akriti aankit karake us soonepan ko tivr karana kalakar ki kushal aankan paddhati ka dyotak hai. chitr yojana ki uchit jamavat ya sanyojan mean santulan ka dhyan rakh kar chitrakaroan ne darshakoan par spasht abhivyakti ki amit chhap chho d di hai. santulan evan drishtibhar ko is chitr shaili mean kuchh moolabhoot tatvoan evan ikaiyoan ke adhar par prayukt kiya gaya hai. kahian rekhabhar rekhaoan ko kh di, a di-tirachhi dikhakar kiya hai to kahian akritibhar akriti ko b di v chhoti ya adhik alankrit ya sadi aankit karake kiya gaya hai. sath hi varnabhar mean drishtigat bhavoan ko alag-alag rang shreni ke adhar par saphalata se chitrit kiya hai.

antaral

meva di chitrakari mean antaral ke do sparoop haian- 'sakriy antaral' tatha 'sahayak antaral'. chitroan mean chitrakar ne phalak sanyojan ke kuchh aise sootroan ko racha hai ki unase manavabhivyakti ko uchit mool mila hai. bhavoan ki saphal abhivyakti mean jamavat ka siddhant rangoan ke madhyam se mahattvapoorn hai. du:khad sthiti ke chitran mean bhoore rangoan ka bahuly tatha any ashubh rangoan ka prayog hota hai. tej rangoan ki bhi aisi jamavat hai ki chitrakar chitr phalak ke rangiy rekhaankan matr se hi apani abhivyakti kar sakata hai. yahi santulan v anupat ka siddhaant chitr phalak me utar ata hai, jisake badhane v ghatane par vastu ke pramukh evan gaun tatvoan ko vyakt karane mean sahayata milati hai. rangoan v roopoan mean yah anupat meva d ke prayah sabhi chitroan mean dekha ja sakata hai.

punaravritti

[[chitr:Mewar-painting-3.jpg|thumb|300px|soory devata]] chitroan mean rekha, rang v roopoan ki punaravritti b di-chhoti v halki gahari jhaeeyoan mean ki gee hai. manavakritiyoan evan vishay vastu mean punaravritti karane par chitraphalak ko spasht roop se samajhaya jata tha. udaharan ke lie bhagavan shrikrishna ko ek hi chitr mean kee bar aankit karane evan phalak ke alag-alag tuk doan ka vibhajan karane mean is siddhant ka bhali-bhaanti nirvah hota raha hai. yahi nahian chitroan mean bahuayami sanyojan vibhinn kaloan evan ghatanakramoan ko ek phalak mean saphalata se vyakt kar paya hai.

samanvay

vaicharik drishti se ekatmakata evan samanvay sthapit karane hetu is shaili ke chitroan mean buddhivad par adharit chitran se chintan evan manan ki pramukhata dikhaee deti hai to isamean pratikatmak akar evan akriti aankit kar vaicharik drishti se anukool dikhane ki koshish ki jati hai. ramayan ke chitroan mean lanka ke raja ravan ke sir par gadhe ka muanh aankit hona gunatmak tadatmy ka spasht udaharan hai.

mool akar mean saralata

meva d ke chitr phalakoan mean mool akar, akash, parvat, prithvi, bhavan adi ki prishtabhoomi ka bhavoan ke anuroop niroopan kar chitran ko adhik prabhavapoorn banane ki koshish ki jati hai. manavakritiyoan mean nak, machhali jaisi aankhean, tikhe-gol chehare, striyoan ka chhota kad kintu akarshak vaksh-sthal evan paramparagat vastr chitroan ke sauandary ko badhate haian. chehare ko chitrit karane mean prayah parshv-bimb par vichar kiya jata hai. praranbhik laghu-chitroan mean prayah ekatarafa mukhakriti ka chitran paya jata hai. ise samasamayik saanskritik parampara ke anuroop suraksha hetu apanaya gaya tha. is prakar in chitroan mean do chashmi se dedh chashmi, sava chashmi evan ek chashmi svaroop aankit hone laga. yahi ek chashmi chehara jain chitr shaili ki nikalati huee aankhoan ke hatate hi meva d shaili ka svaroop nirdharit karate haian. kintu kalantar mean vibhinn roopoan ko apane shailigat dhang se avashyakatanusar saralikrit kiya gaya, jisase maulikata bani rahe. ek chashmi chehare punah dedh chashmi, sava chashmi tatha do chashmi chitrit hone lage. isase pata chalata hai ki meva d ke prachin chitravashesh kalatmak aur tau dayukt haian, lekin dhire-dhire viroopit roop samapt hote gaye aur inamean maulikata ka nirvah kiya gaya. stri-purushoan ke chitran mean saj-sajja ka bahut hi vishesh dhyan rakha jata hai. saj-sajja ka ek nishchit roop bihari ki in panktiyoan se spasht hai.

sis mukat, kati kachhani, kar murali, har man.
ihian banak mo man basau, sada biharilal..

arthat 'krishna ke chitr niroopan mean sir par ratnaj dit mukut, bhalaved, hathoan mean murali tatha gale mean mala chitrit kiya jata tha. isake alava abhooshanoan mean ratnaj dit patti, kuledar pag diyaan, kanoan mean baliyaan, hathoan mean kangan, bhujaband adi ka kramabaddh badalata hua roop milata hai. chitrit pahanavoan ko dekhane par yah abhas hota hai ki yahaan ke chitran mean darshaya gaya pahanava mugal shaili se prabhavit n hokar ajanta ki paramparagat shaili se adhik prabhavit hai. lekin phir bhi samayantar mean aye mugal prabhav ko bhi dekha ja sakata hai. in pahanavoan ke chitran mean samaj mean vyakti-vishesh ke sthan ko vishesh roop se dhyan mean rakha gaya hai. rajaoan ki poshakoan ko prayah mahangi tatha barik dikhaya gaya hai.

rangoan ka prayog

thumb|300px|maharana bhim sianh mahal ke taranatal (svimiang pool) mean apane sathiyoan ke sath meva d ke praranbhik chitroan mean prathamik rangoan se hi chitr srijan kiya jata raha hai, jisase ve apani sookshm bhavabhivyanjana ko isake madhyam se vyakt kar payean. kam-se-kam rangoan ki avritti ki doosari vajah us yug vishesh ki manasik sthiti hai. tatkalin yug mean adhunik jivan ki sanpreshaniyata ki jatilata utpann nahian huee thi. kam se kam rangoan ka istemal kar kuchh nishchit manovikaroan ko abhivyakt kar diya jata tha. meva d chitrashaili mean chitrakaroan ki kushal paramparagat rangaankan paddhati ka prayogatmak svaroop dikhaee p data hai. mukhyatah deshi rangoan ka prayog kiya gaya hai, jisamean abhraki (pila-bhoora), asamani, badami (badam jaisa bhoora), chaandiya roop (rajat varn), dhrum (dhuean ka rang), gauri ya gor halka pila (sunahara), gulabi (gulab jaisa lal), kari (kajal ka rang), khaki (bhoora-hara), lal, sindoori, narangi, sindoori surakhi (rakt varn), soja (hara), sona (svarn varn), supheda, dholi ya dhuvali (shvet varn), basanti pili (kesariya), roshani (baiangani) adi pramukh haian. inhean chitrakar apane hathoan se banakar prayog mean late the. pratyek jagah safed rang ka tatha safed par safed jhaee ka evan gahare par phiki jhaiyoan ke chitr phalak mean vishesh gati utpann karane ka achchha udaharan milata hai. chitr akarshan mean lal, jogiya, pila, prishthabhoomi ke viparit rangoan ka prayog chitrakar ne b di kushalata ke sath kiya hai. inhian rangoan ka gahare-phike dhang se prayog kar kee prakar ke rangoan ki abhivyakti ki gee hai.

pratikatmak rang

chitran mean pratikatmak rangoan ka khas mahatv raha hai. atyadhik bahari akraman ke karan prathamik rangoan mean lal rang ka tatha usake bahari kinaroan par adhikadhik prayog kiya gaya hai. mishrit rangoan mean kesariya rang raj darabar ke chitroan mean prayog mean adhik laya gaya, jo shaury aur khushahali ka pratik hai. pila rang shishuta ka dyotak hai to lal yuva aur nila vriddhavastha ka. isi prakar pratah kalin pila, madhyahn lal tatha sandhaya nile rang se abhivyakt kiya jata hai. raj, tam aur satv mean raj lal, tam nila tatha satv ko pile rang se darshaya gaya hai. shant aur bhayanak rangoan ko bhi paanch tatvoan mean vibhajit kiya gaya hai. pratyek tatv ka ek pratik hai. agni ko lal, prithvi ko pila, vayu ko kala, akash ko nila tatha jal ko safed rang se darshaya gaya hai. yuddh, shikar, raj darabar, shrriangar-kaksh adi ke alag-alag rang nishchit kiye gaye haian. sath hi rangoan ki kuchh nishchit jatiyaan evan varg banaye gaye haian. lal, kesariya, gulabi, badami adi ko shreshth rangoan ke varg mean rakha gaya hai tatha ek jati man liya gaya hai. nila, baiangani v hara rang doosari jati ka hai. isi prakar safed, nimbua, pila, pit pila aur sugapankhi ko any jati ka mana gaya hai.

rekhaoan ka svaroop

meva di chitrakala mean paramparagat chitroan ne rekhaoan ko adhik prathamikata di hai. in rekhaoan ne hi roop ki anek akritiyaan rachi haian tatha anaikanek sauandary ke bhavoan ki nianv dali hai. ye rekhaean kahian gahari, kahian patali, kahian halki v kahian moti chhaya prakash vyakt karati huee sabhi tarah ki bhavanaoan ko abhivyakt karane ki koshish karati haian. adesh ka sanket, dridhata tatha pratiksha ka bodh to keval sidhi rekha ke prayog se kar diya gaya hai. vahian madhury evan lality ki mudra darshane ke lie chitr mean lavanyayukt golakar rekhaean banaee gee hai. kampanayukt rekhaean anek manobhavoan, jaise- shrriangar, atmasamarpan, ahmavan, prasannata, utsukata, pranay tatha bhay anek bhavoan ko darshane mean poori tarah se saphal haian.

rasoan ka chitran

[[chitr:Mewar-painting-8.jpg|thumb|300px|krishna janm ke samay vishnu ki pooja]] meva d ki chitraankan kala mean vibhinn manaviy abhivyaktiyaan b di svabhavikata se ukeri gee haian. isamean jivan ke sabhi rasoan ka chitran kiya gaya hai. udaharan ke lie radha v shrikrishna ke prem mean shrriangar evan shant ras ki pradhanata hai. san 1750 ee. mean bane 'raghuvansh' mean samakalin riti-rivajoan evan naitik bhavanaoan ka pradarshan hai. 'gajendr moksh' mean hathiyoan ki vibhinn mudraoan evan karun ras ki abhivyakti hoti hai. isi prakar 'soorasagar' (1720 ee.) tatha 'krishnacharit' (1800 ee.) ke chitroan mean shant, shrriangarik evan vatsaly bhavoan ki yatharth upalabdhi hai. 'malati-madhav' mean shant evan shrriangar ras, 'kadambari' mean shant ras evan 'prithvirajaraso' evan 'shrimadbhagavadagita' ke chitroan mean vir evan vibhats bhavoan ka spasht chitran hai. 'ekaliang mahatmy' evan 'ekadashi mahatmy' mean shant satvik bhavanaoan ka chitran kiya gaya hai to doosari or 'kaliyadaman' mean raudr ras ko pradhanata di gee hai.

chitrakari ke vishay

meva d ki chitrakari vibhinn prakar ke vishayoan par adharit rahi hai. inamean se pramukh haian-

dharmik vishayavastu

dharmik vishayavastu ka chitran meva d ke praranbhik chitroan mean adhik hua hai. in chitroan par jain dharm tatha hindoo dharm ka vishesh prabhav raha. sachitr granthoan mean, jo chitran samagri hai, vah shvetambar sanpraday se sanbandhit jain granthoan mean pashchimi bharatiy chitrakala ke roop mean vikasit huee paee jati hai. praranbhik se hi shvetambar jainoan mean 'kalpasootr' evan digambar jainoan mean 'yashodhara charit' ko chitrit karane ki sudridh paranpara rahi hai. ah d mean shvetambar jain sachitr granth shravak pratikraman suttachoorni ka chitran hua. dilava da ke shvetaanbar jainiyoan ke dvara supasanah chariyam tatha vahian neminath mandir mean jnanarnav nam digambar jain granth sachitr racha gaya. ye tithiyukt chitr meva d ki chitrakala ke praranbhik pusht praman haian. meva d ke shasak shiv ke upasak v ekaliang ji ko aradhy dev manate the. sath hi vahaan vaishnav dharm ka bhi prachar-prasar hota raha. atah yahaan kee hindoo dharmik granthoan, jaise- bhagavat, git-goviand, soorasagar, ramayan, mahabharat adi ke vishayavastu par chitr sanputoan ko chitrit kiya gaya. udayapur, nathadvara tatha kaankaroli keandroan mean vaishnav dharm se sanbandhit bhagavan krishna lila ke chitr banavaye jate rahe. meva d nareshoan ne sooryavanshi hone ke karan apane ap ko maryada purushottam ram ke panth ko mana tatha chitrakaroan ne ravan ko akraman amanushi jati ke roop mean chitrit kiya. maharana sangram sianh dvitiy vallabh sanpraday ke anuyayi the. unake kal mean hi dharmik chitroan ki rachanaean sabase adhik huee. inake vanshajoan ne vallabh sanpraday ko uchch sthan diya tatha sabhi anandadayak svaroopoan ko sooradas aur bihari ke kavyanuroop mukharit evan chitrit karaya tha.

pashu-pakshiyoan ka chitran

meva d ke chitrakaroan ne pashu-pakshiyoan ke chitran ko bhi apana maulik manovijnanik roop pradan kiya hai. unhoanne pashuoan ko kahian devata manakar chitrit kiya, to kahian unhian ke vyaktigat du:kh-sukh ki or apana dhyan keandrit kiya hai. unhean bhi manavochit gunoan, karuna, sahanubhooti, prem adi se vibhooshit karane ki koshish ki gee hai. dharmik chitroan mean jahaan kahian pashuoan ka chitran hai, v chitr ke vatavaran ke anuroop apani mook bhavana, karuna, sneh tatha satvik se ot-prot dikhate haian. gay v mor ke chitran mean sarvatr gati v sajivata aankit huee hai. hathiyoan ka chitr bhi b da rochak hai. usamean josh, pagalapan, komal svabhav, karuna, satvikata adi ka layabaddh chitran hua hai. janavaroan ko jyadatar pratikatmak roopoan mean chitrit kiya gaya hai. hiran, gati evan rati ka pratik hai, to hans yauvan ka. aise hi gadha moorkhata ka pratik hai, to arsh ramayan mean ravan ke sar par gadhe ka mukh aankit karana, use vidvanh hote hue bhi gadhe ki bhaanti moorkh hona darshata hai.

vijnapti patr

granth chitroan evan laghu chitroan ke atirikt lapetaphalak ke roop mean jin chitroan ka nirman hua hai, unhean 'vijnapti patr' kahate haian. ye lambe kagaz par chitrit hote the tatha do gol lak di ke dandoan ke sahare film-strip ki bhaanti dekhane ka pravadhan hota tha. aise vijnapti patroan ka prachalan meva d me vibhinn rajyakal mean hota raha hai, jo vahaan ki utkrisht parampara ko darshati hai. pratyek raja-maharaja yuddh ya shanti ke kal mean sthan parichay hetu chahate rahe hai. vishay-vastu ke sath-sath sthan vishesh ki aitihasik gatividhiyoan ka bhi gaharaee se chitran kiya jata tha. in chitroan mean tatkalin raj-prasadoan, s dakoan tatha unake as-pas ki dukanoan ganagaur ki savari v pichhola-jhil mean nav ki savari adi mean meva d naresh tatkalin veshabhoosha ke sath chitrit haian. is prakar isase samaj ki tatkalin vyastha ka uchit parichay prapt hota hai.

vyakti chitran

thumb|bagh ka shikar|250px meva d mean vyakti chitran ki parampara utani hi prachin hai, jitani chitroan ki parampara. 'samaraichchakaha' mean shankhapur ke raja ki putri ratnavali ko var dhooandhane v usaka chitr bana lane ka adesh 'kuvalayamalakaha' mean ujjayini ki rajakumari ka chitran, 'nagakumaricharitr' mean rajakumar ka hoobahoo vyakti chitr banane ka varnan adi isaki prachinata ko pramanit karate haian. 'viravinod' mean rana saanga, mirabaee v maharana pratap ke shabd yukt vyakti chitr yojanaean 16vian evan 17vian sadi ke chitroan mean milati hai. is parampara mean shreshth vyakti chitr maharana sangram sianh dvitiy (1720 ee.) ka hai.

riti-rivaj v parv chitran

meva d chitr shaili mean dharmik chitran ke sath hi samajik evan vyaktivadi chitran adhik hua hai, jinamean dharmik evan adhyatmik kshetr ke anukool manaviy gunoan ka vishesh prabhav hai. prarambh se ant tak samaj ki manodashaoan ke adhar par shant evan svargik sukhoan ki bhavanaoan ka chitran hua hai. yahi karan hai ki dharmik evan shrriangarik, sabhi chitroan mean saman satvik bhav jhalakate haian jo tatkalin saral samajik vyavastha ka sahi pratibimb hai. gogunda vivah mean padhare (1753 ee.), dashahare par khej di poojan (1710 ee.), navaratri mean kh dakaji ki savari (1711 ee.) adi chitr samajik parvoan ki prachin parampara ko spasht karata hai. yahi nahian maharana bhim sianh ke rajyakal mean 'krishna vilas' ke bhitti-chitroan mean meva d ke sabhi samajik parvoan, utsavoan evan samajik riti-rivajoan ka chitran hai. is prakar meva di chitrakala mean manav jivan ke sabhi samajik parvoan, utsavoan mean balak ke janm, balyavastha, yuvavastha, vivah sanskar, grihasth jivan, vriddhavastha, shmashan-sanskar, paitrik-kriyaoan, sadhu-santoan, pujari, jyotishi, gurujanoan ka samajik samman, chitrakar, shilpiyoan, shreshthijanoan tatha hajin evan bhikhariyoan adi samajik vargoan ka pratyaksh v apratyaksh roop se chitran avashy hua hai. is chitrashaili mean samaj ki hindoo parampara ka uchit nirvah hua hai.

rag-raganiyaan

rag-raganiyoan ke chitroan ka prarambhik svaroop 15vian sadi se drishtigat hota hai. devashano-pa do-jnan bhandar patan, ahamadabad ke kalpasootr ki sachitr prati (1550 ee.) mean rag v raganiyoan ke chitr apabhransh shaili mean bataye gaye haian, par ye pashchimi bharat shaili mean chitrit 'kalpasootr' ke chitr meva d ke praranbhik chitroan ke anukool haian. yahi gujarat apabhransh evan meva d chitr-shaili ka poorv roop hai. kalantar mean in chitroan ke chitran mean dakshata evan vividhata badhati gee. maharana kumbha dvara likhit 'sangitaraj' mean rag-raganiyoan ka vistrit vivechan milata hai. rag-mala ke chitroan ko samajhane ke lie ragoan ka samajhana avashyak hai. rag mean svar aroh pradhan evan ragini mean avaroh pradhan hota hai. pulliang ragoan mean ashchary, sahas v krodh ki abhivyakti hoti hai, striliang ragoan mean prem, hras aur du:kh tatha napuansak ragoan mean bhay ka chitran hota hai. ragamala ke ek rag ke sath paanch raginiyaan (patniyaan) mani jati haian, jisamean 36 ya 42 chitr banate haian. chandav ke chitroan mean ek rag ki chhah patniyaan manakar 42 chitroan ka chitr-samput nisharadi ne taiyar kiya. isamean rag ke putr v putravadhuoan tak ko jo dakar 72, 76, 80, 84 tatha 108 tak ke chitr-samput bane haian. pratyek ragini bhi prayah rag shabd se hi sanbandhit hoti hai, jisaka chitran meva d chitr shaili mean saphalata se vargikrit kiya hai.

barahamasa

varsh bhar ke barah mas mean nayak-nayika ki shrriangarik virah evan milan ki kriyaoan ke chitran ko "barahamasa" nam se sambodhit kiya jata hai. shravan mas mean hare-bhare vatavaran mean nayak-nayika ke kam-bhavoan ko varsha ke bhiangate hue roopoan mean, grishm ke vaishakh evan jyeshth mas ki garmi mean pankhoan se nayika ko hava karate hue nayak-nayikaoan ke svaroop adi ullekhaniy hai. meva d ke chitrakaroan ne samay ke mahatv evan manovaijnanik paksh ka sookshm adhyayan kar barahamasa ke vibhinn chitroan mean sakar roop diya hai. maharana kumbha kalin sachitr granth 'rasikoshtak' (1435 ee.) mean bhikham ke vibhinn rrituoan ka chitran isi kram mean kiya gaya hai. 'chorapanchashika', 'git govind', 'kavipriya' adi chitr samputoan mean shrriangari ratibhav premi aur premaspad nayika ke parasparik sanbandhoan ki pushti hoti hai, jinhean shrriangar viyog aur sanyog mean vargikrit kiya jata hai. meva d ke chitroan mean sanyog anek prakar ka bataya gaya hai. shrriangarik chitroan ki drishti se sanyog (sanbhog) shrriangar ke hi bhed hai. adarsh nayak-nayika mean samany sambhog tatha pashu-pakshiyoan ke sambhog ko vishesh sambhog ke roop mean dekha jata hai. vishesh sambhog ko punah barah bhedoan mean baanta jata hai, jinamean pratyek ki char avasthaean hati haian. [[chitr:Mewar-painting-5.jpg|thumb|300px|rajapoot aur hathi]] meva d ke shrriangarik chitr prayah satvik vritti se ratikriya ka abhas dete haian. praranbh mean krishna evan gopiyoan ki kriyaoan ko ratikriya ka adhar banaya gaya hai. 'git govind' ke chitroan mean krishna ko vibhinn prakar ki prem lilaoan mean darshakar, manav-man ki sahaj prakriya ke roop mean darshak ko shrriangarikata ke sath-sath adhyatmikata ki or agrasar kiya hai. is prakar rati evan prem ki bhavanaoan ko samaroop darshane ka prayas kiya gaya hai. sthan-sthan par kamadev ko pratik roop mean unake dhanush ban ko ugr ya shant roop mean aankit karate hue kam-bhav ki dasha aur vatavaran ke prabhav ko chitrit karane ki saphal abhivyakti ki gee hai. poorn ratibhav ki sampushti kalatmak paksh mean antarhit huee hai, jo manovaijnanik evan taantrik donoan sandarbho se ju di hai. barahamasa par adharit chitr bhitti chitroan ke roop mean bhi prachalit rahe haian. udayapur ke krishna nivas, nathoolalaji j diya, bapana haveli evan sulambar, devagadh, kevala, badanor, gangapur evan any kee thikanoan ke shrriangarik chitr is prabhav ki spasht pratikriyaean darshate haian.

akhet chitran

meva d ke maharana v samantoan ke bich akhet ka mahatv ek prakar se kri da ke roop mean tha, jise ve shikar ki sanjna dete the. yah unake dainik karyakram ka hissa hua karata tha, jisase unhean yuddh ka prashikshan bhi milata rahata tha. meva d ke chitrakaroan ne paha doan v jha diyoan ke madhy sabhi jangali janavaroan ka chitran bahut suhavane dhang se kiya hai. in chitroan mean ek hi phalak par janavar ke goli lagane se lekar ant tak ki avasthaoan mean darshane ka prayas kiya hai. yuddh chitroan mean bhi meva d nareshoan ki rananiti ka spasht parichay mil jata hai. sath hi in chitroan mean vahaan ki bhaugolik evan aitihasik sthiti ka bhi parichay milata hai. maharana arisianh ke rajyakal mean shikar se sanbandhit chitroan ko sabase adhik banaya gaya. aise chitroan mean vibhinn sangrahalayoan mean surakshit sooar v sher, hathi ka vadh, bagh ka shikar, bhaloo ka shikar adi ullekhaniy haian. ramayan ke chitroan mean ram-ravan yuddh ke chitr, mahabharat mean chakravyooh rachana ke yuddh drishy mean manaviy halachal, bachav evan akraman ki sthitiyoan ko vishesh roop se darshaya gaya hai. san 1935 ee. mean bhoopalasianh ji ke rajyakal ke pramukh chitrakar chaturabhuj ne 'haldighati' namak tail chitr banaya tha, jo vibhinn prakar ki yuddh kriyaoan v yuddh sthal ke drishy ko darshane ka ek saphal prayas tha.

samajik chitran

meva d chitrashaili mean samajik jivan ka chitran yahaan ki pusht paramparaoan ke sath laghu chitroan mean vyakt kiya gaya hai. in chitroan mean mukhy roop se samajik prakriyaoan evan vyaktivadi bhavanaoan ki abhivyakti rahi hai. in chitroan mean samayanusar pahanavoan ka dhyan rakha gaya hai. utsavoan par pahane jane vale vastroan v paridhanoan mean nishchit rangoan ka sanyojan milata hai. basant rritu ke drishyoan mean pile rang ke vastr dharan kiye hue log, balak ke janm upalaksh mean pili sa di v piliye ka prayog saubhagyavati striyoan ke lie lal v gulabi kap de is chitran ki visheshata hai. isake alag vidhavaoan ko shvet ya pakke rang ke vastroan mean, dharmachary v upadeshakoan ko shvet vastr tatha sadhu sannyasiyoan ko bhagava vastr mean dikhaya gaya hai.

1. REDIRECTsaancha:inhean bhi dekhean

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

bahari k diyaan

• Mewar Paintings - A part of Rajput period