मुहम्मद हिदायतुल्लाह

muhammad hidayatullah
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poora nam	nyayadhish muhammad hidayatullah
janm	17 disambar, 1905
janm bhoomi	nagapur (maharashtr)
mrityu	18 sitambar, 1992 (umr- 86)
mrityu sthan	muanbee, bharat
abhibhavak	khan bahadur hafij vilayatullah, muhammadi begam
pati/patni	pushpa shah
santan	arashad, avani
nagarikata	bharatiy
pad	uparashtrapati, bharat- 31 agast 1979 se [31 agast]], 1984 tak karyavahak rashtrapati, bharat- 20 julaee, 1969 se 24 agast, 1969 tak 11vean mukhy nyayadhish, bharat- 25 faravari, 1968 se 16 disambar, 1970 tak
shiksha	snatak
vidyalay	m aauris k aaulej, triniti k aaulej kaimbrij
bhasha	hindi, aangrezi
puraskar-upadhi	khan bahadur, kesari hind
rachanaean	di sauth vest aphrika kes, demokresi in indiya end d jyoodishiyan proses, e jajsh miselani, e jajsh miselani sekand sirij, e jajsh miselani thard sirij adi

muhammad hidayatullah (aangrezi: Mohammad Hidayatullah, janm: 17 disambar 1905; mrityu: 18 sitambar 1992) bharat ke pahale muslim mukhy nyayadhish the. muhammad hidayatullah ko bharat ke pratham karyavahak rashtrapati kahana zyada upayukt hoga, kyoanki yah bharat ki sanvaidhanik vyavastha ke anusar nirvachit rashtrapati nahian the. unhoanne do avasaroan par bharat ke karyavahak rashtrapati ke roop mean bhi karyabhar sanbhala tha. isake sath hi vo ek poore karyakal ke lie bharat ke chhathe uparashtrapati bhi rahe.

jivan parichay

muhammad hidayatullah ke purakhe moolat: banaras ke rahane vale the jinaki ginati shikshit viddhanoan mean hoti thi. muhammad hidayatullah ka janm 17 disambar 1905 ko nagapur (maharashtr) mean hua tha. inake dada shri muanshi kudaratullah banaras mean vakil the jabaki inake pita khan bahadur hafij vilayatullah aee.es.o. majistret mukhyalay mean tainat the. inake pita kafi pratibhashali the aur pratyek shaikshik imtahan mean pratham shreni mean uttirn hote the. inake pita hafij vilayatullah 1928 mean bhandara se dipti kamishnar evan distrikt ke pad se sevanivritt hue the. muhammad hidayatullah ke do bhaee aur ek bahan thi. unamean sabase chhote yahi the. muhammad hidayatullah ki mata ka nam muhammadi begam tha jinaka talluk madhy pradesh ke ek dharmik parivar se tha, jo handiya mean nivas karata tha. muhammad hidayatullah ki mata ka nidhan 31 julaee, 1937 ko hua tha.

sarakari seva mean rahate hue british sarakar ne shri hidayatullah ke pita ko khan bahadur ki upadhi, kesari hind padak, bharatiy seva samman aur seant joans embuleans ka baij pradan kiya tha. inake pita akhil bharatiy star ke kavi bhi the aur matr 9 varsh ki umr mean hi inhean vidvatta ki pratik muslim padavi hafij ki prapti ho gee thi. unhoanne farasi evan urdoo bhasha mean kavitaean likhi. muanbee ke kutub prakashan ne inaki kavitaoan ka sangrah 'soj-e-gudaj' ke nam se prakashit kiya tha. inake pita ki doosari pustak 'tamir-e-hayat' shirshak se prakashit huee, jo ganbhir darshanik pady roop mean thi. hidayatullah ke pita 6 varshoan tak vidhayika parishad ke sadasy bhi rahe. muhammad hidayatullah ke pita ka nidhan navambar, 1949 ko hua tha.

shiksha

hidayatullah ka parivar shiksha se roshan tha aur usake mahattv ko bhi samajhata tha. is karan hidayatullah evan unake donoan bhaee ikaramullah aur ahamadullah ko bhi achchhi shiksha prapt karane ka mauqa shuroo se hi mila. us samay uchch koti ke skooloan mean hi ganavesh paddhati thi. hidayatullah ne jivan ke 6 aranbhik varsh nagapur mean hi vyatit kie. 1921 mean yah maitrik pariksha hetu yogyata arjit kar chuke the. lekin inhean 1921 mean maitrik pariksha mean baithane ka avasar is karan nahian prapt hua, kyoanki us samay inaki umr 16 varsh poori nahian huee thi. tab yah niyam tha ki maitrik ki pariksha vahi vidyarthi de sakata hai, jisane 16 varsh ki umr prapt kar li ho. is karan hidayatullah ne 1922 mean maitrik ki pariksha uttirn ki. tab yah rayapur ke sarakari skool mean the aur pariksha mean pratham ane ke karan inhean 'philips sk aaularaship' prapt huee.

svarn padak

hidayatullah ne age ki padhaee ke lie m aauris k aaulej mean dakhila liya aur kala ki snatak stariy pariksha di. is pariksha mean inhean doosara sthan prapt hua. yah ek nambar se pratham sthan pane se vanchit rah ge tathapi inhean svarn padak se sammanit kiya gaya. sanh 1926 mean hidayatullah apane bhaee ahamadullah ke sath landan ge. vahaan unhoanne kuchh imtahan die. usake bad 1927 mean triniti k aaulej kaimbrij mean qanoon vishay mean dakhila le liya. inhean padhane ka shauq tha. is karan aangrezi ko bhi inhoanne atirikt vishay ke roop mean liya. phir joon, 1930 mean bharat ane se poorv unhoanne vakalat ki pariksha 'liankans inn' se uttirn ki. lekin vah vakalat ki uchch shiksha nahian prapt kar sake.

hidayatullah ki ichchha

bharat ane ke bad hidayatullah ne 1930 se 1936 tak nagapur haee kort mean praivet praiktis ki. in chhah varshoan mean bataur edavoket inhoanne kafi khyati arjit ki. unaki ichchha thi ki vah jivan mean adhyapan ka kary karean. bhagy ne em. hidayatullah ko yah avasar bhi 1934 se 1942 tak pradan kiya. vah part taim profesar ke roop mean nagapur vishvavidyalay mean qanoon vishay ka adhyapan karane lage.

hidayatullah behad saralata evan manoranjakata ke sath kaksha mean lekchars dete the. inake vidyarthiyoan ko inake lekchars kafi prabhavit karate the. inake sathi vyakhyata bhi inhean kafi pasand karate the. kuchh samay uparaant vah nagapur vishvavidyalay dvara sanchalit vidhi sankay ke din bhi ban ge. bahut kam logoan ko yah janakari hogi ki hamare poorv pradhanamantri pi.vi. narasimharav bhi vahaan inake vidyarthi the.

is prakar sidhi dar sidhi chadhate hue muhammad hidayatullah ne jivan mean ooanche mukam hasil kie. vah nagapur haee kort mean 1936 se 1942 tak edavoket tatha 1942 se 1943 tak sarakari vakil rahe. is prakar taraqqi karate hue yah british saltanat ke samay 24 joon 1946 ko nagapur haee kort ke karyavahak jaj bhi bane. inhean 13 agast 1946 ko paramparagat roop se jaj banaya gaya aur 1954 tak yah is pad par rahe.

dampaty jivan

5 mee 1948 ko em. hidayatullah ne 43 varsh ki umr mean ek hindoo yuvati pushpa ke sath aantarjatiy vivah kar liya. pushpa achchhe khanadan se thian aur unake pita e. en. shah (aee.si.es. cheyaramain) akhil bharatiy inakam taiks apilet tribyoonal the. is vivah ka nagapur mean tatkalin paristhitiyoan mean kafi samman hua aur samaj ke sabhi vargoan ne donoan ke parivaroan ko hardik shubhakamanaean bhi dian.

shadi ke agale hi varsh hidayatullah ko putr ki prapti huee, jisaka nam arashad rakha gaya. doosari santan ke roop mean inhean putri huee, jisaka nam avani rakha gaya. lekin 9 joon 1960 ko putri avani ki mrityu ho gee. bad mean arashad bhi ek saphal edavoket bane aur unaka vivah deshapant ki bhaanji nayanatara ke sath 1977 mean sampann hua.

vyavasayik jivan

1956 tak em. hidayatullah nagapur haeekort ke chiph jastis pad par the. isake poorv yah skool kod kameti aur kort phi rivijan kameti ke prabhari bhi rahe. 1 navambar 1956 ko jab rajyoan ke punargathan ka kary sampann hua to unhean jabalapur (madhy pradesh) uchch nyayalay ka mukhy nyayadhish banaya gaya. vahaan unhoanne 25 mah tak us pad par kary kiya. 1958 mean yah uchchatam nyayalay ki baianch mean a ge aur jaj ka ohada prapt hua.

kam umr ke mukhy nyayadhish

is prakar 1942 tak hi em. hidayatullah ke vyaktitatv ke kee pahaloo samane a ge the. yah shikshavid the, jyoorist the, sabase kam umr ke sarakari vakil the aur edavoket janaral bhi the. 1954 mean yah haee kort ke sabase kam umr ke mukhy nyayadhish bhi bane. lekin inake jivan ko sarvochchata pradan karane vala saubhagyashali din to 25 faravari 1968 ka tha, jab yah uchchatam nyayalay ke mukhy nyayadhish bane.

is prakar uchch pankti ke vakil se es. hidayatullah ne nyayik vyavastha ka sarvochch pad prapt kiya. desh ke vibhajan ke bad inhean pakistan le jane ke lie lubhane ki bhi koshishean ki gee thian. inhean bharat mean zindagi kho dene ka bhay bhi dikhaya gaya tha, lekin bharat ka mukhy nyayadhish banakar unhoanne yah sabit kar diya ki dharmik adhar par muslimoan ke man mean jo ashankaean thian, vah sarvatha nirmool thian.

nyayadhish ke roop mean

ek jaj ke roop mean hidayatullah ke karyakal ka aranbh 24 joon 1946 se aranbh hua jo 16 disambar 1970 tak jari raha. bharat mean is pad par rahate hue kisi bhi any vyakti ne itana lamba karyakal nahian guzara. sevanivritt hone ke do din bad yah muanbee chale ge. 1971 mean inhoanne belagred mean vishv ke jajoan ki asembali mean shirakat ki. ravindranath taigor aur pandit neharoo ke bad inhean hi nait aauf mark tven ki upadhi 1972 mean amerika ki 'iantaraneshanal mark tven sosaiti' ne pradan ki.

karyavahak rashtrapati pad par

bharat ke jnani sanvidhan nirmataoan ne rashtrapati nirvachan ke sanbandh mean to avashyak niyam banae the, lekin unhoanne ek bhool kar di thi. unhoanne uparashtrapati ko rashtrapati pad ka davedar man liya, yadi kisi karanavash rashtrapati ka pad rikt ho jata hai to aisi sthiti mean rashtrapati pad kise aur kaise pradan kiya jae? yah sthiti 3 mee, 1969 ko d aau. zakir husain ke rashtrapati pad par rahate hue mrityu hone se utpann huee. tab varahagiri veankat giri ko anan-phanan mean karyavahak rashtrapati banaya gaya, jisaka sanvidhan mean pravadhan tha. lekin bharatiy sanvidhan ke anusar rashtrapati pad hetu nirvachan kiya jata hai. karyavahak rashtrapati banane ke bad bhi shri vi.vi giri rashtrapati ka chunav l dana chahate the. lekin isake lie vah karyavahak rashtrapati athava uparashtrapati pad ka tyag karake hi ummidavar ban sakate the. aisi sthiti mean do sanvaidhanik prashn uth kh de hue jisake bare mean sanvidhan mean koee vyavastha nahian ki gee thi. pratham prashn yah tha ki karyavahak rashtrapati rahate hue shri vi.vi giri apana tyagapatr kisake supurd karean aur dvitiy prashn tha ki vah kis pad ka tyag karean- uparashtrapati pad ka athava karyavahak rashtrapati ka? tab vi.vi. giri ne visheshajnoan se paramarsh karake uparashtrapati pad se 20 julaee 1969 ko din ke 12 baje ke poorv apana tyagapatr de diya. yah tyagapatr bharat ke rashtrapati ko sambodhit kiya gaya tha. yahaan yah batana bhi prasangik hoga ki karyavahak rashtrapati pad par vah 20 julaee, 1969 ke prat: 10 baje tak hi the. yah sara ghatanakram is karan sampadit hua kyoanki 28 mee 1969 ko sansad ki sabha ahoot ki gee aur adhiniyam 16 ke aantargat yah qanoon banaya gaya ki rashtrapati aur uparashtrapati donoan ki anupasthiti mean bharat ke uchchatam nyayalay ke mukhy nyayadhish athava inaki anupasthiti mean uchchatam nyayalay ke sabase varishth nyayadhish ko rashtrapati pad ki shapath grahan karaee ja sakati hai. isi pariprekshy mean nee vyavastha ke aantargat yah sambhav ho paya ki rashtrapati evan uparashtrapati donoan ka pad rikt rahane ki sthiti mean mukhy nyayadhish, sarvochch nyayalay ko karyavahak rashtrapati banaya ja sakata hai. is vyavastha ke pashchatt sarvochch nyayalay ke tatkalin mukhy nyayadhish muhammad hidayatullah bharat ke ne karyavahak rashtrapati ke roop mean shapath grahan kar sake. is prakar 1969 ko parit adhiniyam 16 ke anusar ravivar 20 julaee 1969 ko prat:kal 10 baje rashtrapati bhavan ke ashok kaksh mean inhean karyavahak rashtrapati ke roop mean pad evan gopaniyata ki shapath dilaee gee. karyavahak rashtrapati banane se poorv em. hidayatullah ko sarvochch nyayalay ke mukhy nyayadhish ka pad chho dana p da tha. tab us pad par je. si. shah ko naya karyavahak mukhy nyayadhish banaya gaya tha. inhian karyavahak mukhy nyayadhish, sarvochch nyayalay ne em. hidayatullah ko karyavahak rashtrapati pad ki shapath dilaee. vah 35 din tak karyavahak rashtrapati ke pad par rahe. 20 julaee 1969 ke madhyahn se 24 agast, 1969 ke madhyahn tak ka samay inake karyavahak rashtrapati vala samay tha. is prakar apratyashit paristhiti ke chalate inhean karyavahak rashtrapati ka padabhar sanbhalana p da.

uparashtrapati

31 agast 1979 ko shri hidayatullah ko sarvasammati se bharat ka uparashtrapati chuna gaya. inhoanne apana uparashtrapati karyakal 31 agast 1984 ki avadhi tak poorn kiya. 1979 se 1984 tak uparashtrapati rahate hue vah jamiya miliya islamiya, dilli aur panjab vishvavidyalayoan ke kulapati bhi rahe. 4 aktoobar 1991 ko inhean 'bharatiy vidya parishad' ki manad sadasyata bhi di gee. is prakar inhoanne pratyek pad ko poorn garima pradan ki. uparashtrapati pad ka karyakal poorn karane ke bad em. hidayatullah ne azad panchhi jaisi khushi mahasoos ki. unhoanne ek bahut b de dayitv ko nishthapoorvak nibhaya tha. is dauran yah uparashtrapati hone ke karan rajyasabha ke sabhapati bhi the. lekin in par kabhi bhi pad ke durupayog athava pakshapat karane ka arop nahian laga. rajyasabha mean yah sabhi sadasyoan ke chahete mitr ki bhaanti rahe. avakash grahan kar lene ke bad jane-mane rajanetaoan ne inaki muktakanth se prashansa ki. jab yah uparashtrapati pad ka karyakal poorn karane ke bad muanbee ravana hue to nee dilli relave steshan par unhean bhavabhini vidaee dene valoan mean pradhanamantri shrimati iandira gaandhi, uparashtrapati ar. veankataraman, grihamantri narasimharav aur uchch adhikarigan sammilit the.

upalabdhiyaan

29 sitambar 1984 ko dilli vishvavidyalay ke vishesh dikshaant samaroh mean hidayatullah ko d aauktar aauf sivil l aau ki manad upadhi se sammanit kiya gaya. inhoanne apani paitrik parampara ka nirvah karate hue paradada, dada evan pita ki bhaanti upayogi pustakoan ka bhi srijan kiya.

rachanaean

hidayatullah ne anek pustakean likhian jinamean se kuchh is prakar haian.

• 'di sauth vest aphrika kes',
• 'demokresi in indiya end d jyoodishiyan proses',
• 'e jajsh miselani' (1972 mean prakashit)
• 'e jajsh miselani sekand sirij' (1979 mean prakashit),
• 'e jajsh miselani thard sirij' (1982 mean prakashit),
• 'kaansatityooshanal l aau aauf indiya' (tin khandoan mean) ,
• 'taharir-o-tabir' (urdoo ke bhashan),
• 'rait too pr aauparti end d indiyan kaansatityooshan',
• 'naubar-e-sikandari',
• 'yoo es. e. end indiya',
• 'jyoodishiyanal methads',
• 'mullas muhammadan l aau' (16 vaan, 17 vaan tatha 18 vaan sanskaran) aur
• 'd phiphth end d siksth shidyools too d kaansatityooshan aauf indiya.'

hidayatullah ne apani jivani 'maee on b aausavail' bhi likhi jo behad dilachasp bhasha mean thi. yah pustak ek samany vyakti se lekar vakil tak ke lie manoranjan se paripoorn thi.

nidhan

manav jivan ki aantim trasadi yah hai ki vah nashvar hai, shashvat nahian. em. hidayatullah ne bhi eeshvar ki nashvarata ke niyam ka anupalan karate hue 18 sitambar 1992 ko hridayaghat ke karan apana sharir tyag diya. inaka nidhan muanbee mean hua tha. ek iansan ke roop mean inaka jivan manav jati ke lie sadaiv prerana ka srot rahega. vah ek aisi shakhsiyat the, jisake sampark mean aya vyakti inhean kabhi nahian bhool sakata tha. bharat mata ke is sachche sapoot ko usake manaviy gunoan ke karan yad kiya jata rahega.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

sanbandhit lekh

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