रँगाई
rangaee ke lie banaya hua rang|thumb pray: sabhi tantumay padarthoan mean jal avashoshan ki kshamata hoti hai. yadi jal mean koee ranjak upasthit ho aur use tuantumay padarth ke sapark mean rakha jae, to jal ke vilayan se ranjak nikalakar, tantumay padarth se sanbaddh hokar, us par vitarit ho jata hai. isake phalasvaroop jal mean ranjak ki matra kam ho jati hai aur vilayan ka rang halaka ho jata hai. vilayan ka vilodit karane aur tantumay padarth ko prakshubdh karate rahane se uparyukt kriya shighr aur ek roop mean sanpann hoti hai. uparyukt kriya mean rang grahan kie hue tantumay padarth ko ranjit padarth, kriya ko rangaee ya ranjan prakram kahate hai. ranjak ke vilayan vale patr ko ranjakakuandika tatha rangaee ke uparaant bache hue vilayan ko nirgat ranjak vilayan kahate haian. rangaee ki uparyuankt saralatam kriya mean keval vishisht rasayanik ranjak ka upayog kiya ja sakata hai. rangaee vastav mean itani saral kriya nahian hai jitani uparyukt udaharan se maloom hoti hai. rangaee mean vishisht tantumay padarthoan ki santoshaprad roop se prapti ke lie yah avashyak hai ki ranjak ke vilayan mean kuchh any padarth bhi dale jaean. inhean viranjak sahayak kahate haian. ise atirikt kuchh paristhitiyoan mean tantumay padarth mean ranjak ke upayukt sthirikaran tatha rang ke vikas ke lie kuchh vishisht dhatuoan ke ayan ki avashyakata hoti hai, jinhean rangavandhak kahate haian. rangavandhakoan ka upayog rangaee ke poorv athava bad mean, ya ranjakoan ke sath sath, kiya jata hai. thumb|left|rang kard (bar kod) ranjakoan ke yaugikoan ke anuoan mean dhatuvishesh abhinn aang ke roop mean sthit hota hai. yadi rangabandhak ka upayog rangaee ke poorv karana hota hai, to us dasha mean tantu, soot ya vastr ko rangabandhak drav mean pahale se nimajjit kar lete haian. isake lie ranjak ka jal mean viley hona, athava jal ke sath mahin nilanban ke roop mean hona atyavashyak hai. rangaee ke uparaant prayukt rangabandhak ke prayog ki dasha mean unhian ranjakoan ka upayog kiya ja sakata hai, jo jal mean viley hote haian. rangaee mean kabhi kabhi ranjak ki rasayanik sanrachana mean parivartan karana sanbhav hota hai. aisa tabhi kiya jata hai jab ranjak jal mean aviley hota hai. ranjak ki rasayanik sanrachana mean upayukt parivartan utpann karake aisa parivartit utpad taiyar kiya jata hai jisaka jal mean parikshepan ban sake. rangaee mean sootoan ko parikshepan mean aise nimajjit kiya jata hai ki ranjak soot par chipak jae. isake bad ranjit vastu ko vayu mean rakha jata hai. isase parivartit ranjak ki rasayanik sanrachana praranbhik sanrachana mean parivartit hone se utprerit hoti hai. aisi rangaee mean jal aviley, vait ranjak ka upayog hota hai. aisi rangaee pakki hoti hai.
ritiyaan
rangaee ki tin ritiyaan adhik mahatv ki haian. rangaee ka kary karate rangarej|thumb
- pahali riti
ek riti mean tantu ki rangaee ke samay ranjak ka nirman hota hai. vishesh rasayanik karakoan ke jaliy vilayan mean tantu ke nimajjit karane se tantu ke oopar in karakoan ka mahin lep chadh jata hai. aise prapt tantuoan ko nishchit paristhitiyoan mean garam karane par tantu ke star par sthit karakoan ki paraspar kriya se vastavik ranjak ka nirman hota hai. is prakar rangaee rasayanik riti se sanpann hoti hai. aise ranjakoan mean pramukh ranjak ainilin blaik hai. selulos tantuoan, soot aur reyan ke lie yah vishesharoop se upayukt haian. isase lak di ki bhi rangaee ki ja sakati hai.
- doosari riti
doosari riti mean soot ko ranjak ke ek ghatak mean jaliy vijayan mean nimajjit kar, doosare ghatak ke jaliy vilayan mean nimajjit karate haian. ranjakoan ke donoan ghatakoan ki parasparik kriya se soot par rang ka vikas hota hai. donoan ghatakoan ki kriya se aviley ranjak banata hai. aisi rangaee pakki hoti hai. aise ranjakoan mean pairanaitro ainilin red, ailpha naiphthilemin klaret, braianthol, nepht aaul, naiphtajol pramukh haian.
- tisari riti
tisari riti mean jal mean aviley aise ranjakoan ka prayog hota hai jo soot ya vastr ke sath rasayanik prakriya dvara rang grahan karate haian. yahaan rang ka vikas rasayanik kriya dvara hota hai. aise ranjakoan ka pahale sookshm kanoan mean vibhajit, jaliy nilanban taiyar karate haian. aise vilayan mean soot ya vastr ko nimajjit karane se rang ka vikas hota hai. aise ranjak selulos estar ke lie adhik upayukt haian. samanyat: ye pratisthapit aianthakvinon aauyad ya aianzo prakar ke hote haian.
adhunik rangaee
adhunik rangaee ka uddeshy aisa ranjit padarth taiyar karata hai jis par ek si varn abha utpann ho aur us par dhulaee, dhoop, varsh adi ka koee prabhav n p de. rangaee aisi hai ki poorvanishchitt rang abha se poornataya mel khata ho. jis prakar rangaee ke lie nishchit star ka nirdharan kiya jata hai, usi prakar ranjakoan mean bhi vishisht gunoan ka hona atyavashyak mana jata hai. isake lie adarsh ranjak aisa hona chahie ki rangaee saralatam riti se udasin, ya mand amliy, ya mand kshariy vilayanoan mean sanpann ho jae. rangaee mean ranjak ki rang abha mean koee parivartan nahian hona chahie. ranjak vilayan ki ek yah bhi visheshata honi chahie ki tantuoan mean vah saralata se pravisht ho jae taki ranjit vastr mean ek si rang abha prapt ho. adhunik rangaee mean aj bahut pragati huee hai aur vaanchhit rang abha ka prapt hona ab sanbhav ho gaya hai. adarsh rangaee ke nimnalikhit udaharan haian:
- oon, ya ooni vastroan ke lie amliy ranjakoan ke tin varnasanyojan ka upayog.
- prakash, ya sooryakiranoan mean sthayi rahane vale rajakoan ki shrriankhala ka vikas.
- pakke aizo ranjakoan ka nirman.
- viley vait ranjakoan ka vikas.
- viley rangabandhak ranjakoan ki shrriankhala ka vikas. rangaee keval adarsh ranjakoan par hi nirbhar nahian karati varanh usake lie vishesh anubhav ki bhi avashyakata hoti hai.
- ranjak
[[chitr:Dye-6.jpg|batik rangaee|thumb|left]] ranjak sadharanataya jal mean viley hote haian par kuchh ranjak rangane ke samay vishesh upachar dvara viley banae jate haian. rangaee ke bad ve phir aviley ho jate haian. viley ranjak tantuoan ki sanrachana mean kaise pravisht kar jate haian isaka bhautikiy aur rasayanik riti se vishleshan hua hai. yahaan avashoshan, lavan nirman, haidrojan baddhata se abhasi rasayanik sanyojan, eethar bandhan, ya vishesh paristhitiyoan mean keval vilayan prabhav ho sakata hai. aantim parinam yah hota hai ki tantu ke oopar ranjak vyapt ho jata hai, ya tantu ke sath ranjit padarth ke rang mean koee aantar nahian ata to aise rang ko pakka rang kahate haian rasayanik sanrachana aur vyavaharik upayogita ki drishti se ranjakoan ko kee vargoan mean vibhakt kiya gaya hai.[1]
- amliy ranjakoan mean salphonik samooh ka lavan rahata hai. isase oon, resham aur nail aaun range jate haian.
- ksharak ranjakoan mean ksharak samooh ke lavan rahate haian. inase oon aur resham range jate haian. kapas soot par inaka prabhav nahian p data, sivay us dasha mean jab rangabandhak ka upayog ho.
- krom ranjakoan mean kromiyam yaugikoan ke sath ranjak vyavahrit hota hai. ye rajak oon ke lie b de achchhe haian aur pakka rang dete haian. kromiyam yaugik rangaee ke poorv, ya madhy mean, ya bad mean dala ja sakata hai. inhean rangabandhak ranjak bhi kahate haian. pratyaksh ranjak reyan, resham aur kapas mean prayukt hote haian. in ranjakoan mean aizo samooh rahate haian. inaka rang pakka nahian hota par ye amloan aur ksharoan se jald akraant hote haian. sasta hone, saralata se range jane aur vibhinn abha utpann karane ke karan inaka vyavahar vyapak roop se hota hai.
- gandhak ranjakoan mean gandhak rahata hai. inase sooti vastr range jate haian. dhulaee se inaka rang jata nahian. prakash se kuchh kam ho jata hai. yah sasta hota hai aur samanyat: kala, dhoosar, ya nila rang deta hai.
- bait ranjak mean adhikaanshat: nil, ya aianthrakvinon kism ke ranjak hote haian. inake apachayan se viley roop prapt hota hai aur tantu par baithakar hava mean khula rakhane se viley roop aauksikrit ho aviley roop mean badal jata hai. isase sooti reshe aur reyan range jate haian aur prakash tatha dhulaee ke prati b de sthayi hote haian. ye kuchh mahange p date haian.
- aizo ranjak kapas aur reyan ke lie upayukt haian. inase chamakile aur dhulaee mean sthayi tatha prakash mean apekshaya sthayi rang prapt hote haian. ye jal mean poornataya aviley hote haian aur tantu par hi rang ka vikas hota hai.
- daiezo ranjak, ya vikasit ranjak ek vishisht prakar ke pratyaksh ranjak haian. inamean daiezo samooh rahata hai. in ranjakoan se range jane ke bad reshe ko tanu khanij aml mean le jate hai jisamean sodiyam naitrait rahata hai. tantu par daiezo ranjak banata hai aur use naiphth aaul, ya isi prakar ke any yaugikoan ke sath milane se rang vikasit hota hai jisase rang pakka ho jata hai. yah kapas, reyan aur resham rangane mean prayukt ho sakata hai.
- aisitet reyan aur nail aaun ke rangane mean aisitet reyan ranjak prayukt hote haian. ye samanyat: aizo, ya aianthrakvinon varg ke hote haian. inamean salphonik samooh nahian hota. ye shighrata se prakirnit hokar koanlayadi parikshepan banate haian, jise selulos aisitet jald grahan kar leta hai.
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chitr vithika
- chitr:Dye-7.jpg
batik rangaee
- chitr:Dye-10.jpg
range hue vastr
- chitr:Dye-8.jpg
range hue vastr
- chitr:Ragaaii-1.jpg
rangi huee sa di
tika tippani aur sandarbh
- vishv kosh (khand 10) pej n. 8, abhay sinha
- ↑ dekhe ranjak
sanbandhit lekh