रक्तक्षीणता

(aangrezi: Anaemia) raktakshinata sharir mean vidyaman lal rudhir kanoan ki kami ki avastha hai. yah avastha pray: anek vyadhiyoan ke karan prakat hoti hai. raktakshinata svatantr roop se koee rog nahian hai.

raktakshinata ke bhed

raktakshinata ko nimnalikhit shreniyoan mean vibhakt kiya gaya hai:

sadharan raktanirman ke anivary aansh ke abhav se utpann raktakshinata-

isake aantargat lohe ki kami, vitamin si ki kami, bahy tatha aantarik ghatakoan ki kami, poshak ahar ki dirghakalik kami, ityadi sammilit haian.

bahy evan aantarik karan se raktakshinata-

kuchh rogoan mean un lal rudhir kanoan ki, jo pratidin nasht hote rahate haian, poorti nahian hoti ya rudhir kanoan ka nirman band ho jata hai, jaise mukhy dusht raktakshinata mean. is varg mean haian:

• rudhir ke aise rog, jinamean shvet rudhir kan atyadhik badh jate haian, jaise raktashvetanumayata. in rogoan mean lal rudhir kan kam banate haian aur marate bahut haian.
• garbh ki brihatlohitanu kshinata.
• amashay ki yaantrik pranali ki vikriti ke karan sanvedhik avastha, jaise sproo ityadi.
• ushnavalayik brihatlohitanu kshinata.
• yakrith‌ rog ki brihath‌ lohitanu raktakshinata.

atyadhik rudhir ke nash ke karan raktakshinata-

• kuchh rogoan mean din pratidin lal rudhir kanoan ka nash hota rahata hai, jisake phalasvaroop kuchh dinoan mean raktakshinata utpann ho jati hai, jaise maleriya, kalajar, upadansh (garmi), rajayakshma, madhumeh, jirn vrikkashoth adi mean.
• kuchh rogoan mean tatha raktasrav se jaldi-jaldi lal rudhir kanoan ka nash hota hai, jisase kuchh dinoan mean hi kshinata ho jati hai, jaise nyoomoniya, tayaphayad, shitala, raktavaman, garbhapat, raktapradar, bavasir, shalyakarm, prasooti, praghat tatha adhik madira ke sevan se.
• gaun rudhirasanlayikiy kshinata.
• avegi himaglobinameh.
• shaishavavastha ki shonaanshik raktakshinata.

aiplastik raktakshinata-

yah vah raktakshinata hai jisamean asthimajja ke us bhag ka nash ho jata hai jisamean lal rudhir kan banate haian. yah avastha mukhy roop se do prakar ki hoti hai:-

• ajnat karan jany,
• gaun karan jany.

raktakshinata nar nari, donoan ko, saman roop se pray: pratyek avastha mean ho sakati hai. garamiyoan mean adhik hoti hai.

kshinata ke pramukh lakshan evan nidan

vishesh rogoan mean raktakshinata ke lakshan sharir ke varn se hi pahachan mean a jate haian, jaise oth, nakhoon tatha aankhoan ke nichali kaninika ke bhag ka safed ho jana. any samany lakshanoan ke aantargat rogi ko chakkar ata hai, bhookh nahian lagati, sharirik kshinata evan nirbalata rahati hai, tatha kary karane ki shakti ka hras, buddhibhram, yakrith‌ vriddhi ityadi lakshan ugr roop se prakat hote haian. ghatak raktasravajany raktakshinata ki avastha mean to rogi moorchhit ho jata hai aur yadi rakt ki tatkal poorti raktadan evan any upayoan se n ki gee to rogi ka jivan sankatamay ho jata hai. kabhi kabhi rog rahate hue bhi lakshanik kshinata ka pata nahian lagata aur rogi bhi akraman kal ke atirikt any samay apane ap ko svasth samajhane lagata hai, jaise miragi, histiriya adi ki behoshi ke samay in karanoan se utpann moorchchha ke samast lakshan dikhaee p date haian, parantu bad mean ye lakshan lupt ho jate haian. us samay na di ki gati, hriday ki dh dakan adi lakshanoan se bhi rog ka pata lagana sanbhav nahian hota. aisi avastha mean lal rudhir kanoan ki ganana se hi rog ka nidan sanbhav hota hai. kabhi kabhi harniya, aantoan ka pho da, amashayik ghatak arbud, adi rogoan ke karan ekaek rogi durbal hone lagata hai, jisase raktakshinata ke karanoan ka jnan kathin ho jata hai. isake lie bhi raktaparikshan karana nitaant avashyak hota hai.

raktakshinata ke nidan ke hetu raktakshinata ke aantargat nimnalikhit do batoan ka pata lagana atyant avashyak hota hai:

1. lal rudhir kanoan ki sankhya, jo sadharanat: rakt mean 45 se 50 lakh prati ghan milimitar hoti hai tatha raktakshinata mean ghatakar 25 se 30 lakh pratighan milimitar ho jati hai.
2. himoglobin ki matra sadharanat: 14.5 gram prati 100 gram rakt mean hoti hai. isi ko shat pratishat himoglobin kahate haian. raktakshinata mean yah pratishat matra ghatakar 50 pratishat ho jati hai.

pariksha ke hetu uangali par soochivedh karake ek yah rudhir shishe ki patari par liya jata hai, parantu kabhi-kabhi asthimajja mean se nikalane ke lie 'staranal pakchar' kiya jata hai.

upachar

raktakshinata ki chikitsa samany roop se karanoan ke anusar hi honi chahie. vargikaran ke anusar raktakshinata ki janakari prapt karake, usaki utpatti ke karan ko pahachan kar, usaki chikitsa karane se hi labh hota hai. sabhi tarah ki raktakshinata mean poorn ahar ke sath lohe ki samuchit matra rahani chahie.

sadharan upay

isamean sharirik evan manasik vishram, achchhi seva, taja hava, dhoop adi mukhy upakram haian. jab tak lauh chikitsa se raktakshinata thik n kar di jae, tab tak vishram hi sarvottam chikitsa hai, taki hardik asthirata, jaise dh dakan, dam phoolana, aur chakkar ka ana door kiya ja sake.

lakshanopayukt chikitsa

udar evan ann sanbandhi upadrav, jaise kshudha nash, amashay pradesh mean tanav evan bharipan, vamanechchha, vaman, kabj evan atisar ke akraman adi, ka samay par upachar karana chahie.

ahar chikitsa

ganbhir raktakshinata ki aranbhik avastha mean bhojan halaka hona chahie. isamean doodh, pudiang, daliya, jeli, tho di ubali machhali, hari sabji, (jaise palak), gajar, makkhan, ityadi ka sevan karana chahie. bhookh mean vriddhi ke anusar aur pachan vriddhi ke anusar maans, murge ka maans, hare shak aur phal khae ja sakate haian. ahar mean pratidin 10 se 15 miligram loha hona chahie. taje phal, aande, otamil, daloan evan matar mean visheshat: loha hota hai.

lauh chikitsa

lauh yog ki oshadhiyoan ko mukh evan suee dvara prayog karate haian. is chikitsa ko tab tak jari rakhana uchit hai jab tak lal rudhir kan ki sankhya tatha himoglobin ki pratishat matra samany roop dharan n kar le.

raktakshinata ki any aupacharik chikitsa mean yakrith‌ ka yog, vitamin bi 12 tatha pholik aml ko suee evan mukh dvara rogi ki avastha evan rog ki ugrata ke anusar nirdharit karake prayog karana shreyaskar hai. is chikitsa ko tab tak chalate rahana chahie jab tak raktakshinata poori tarah se door n ho jae. ghatak raktakshinata, aiplastik raktakshinata evan raktasravajany raktakshinata ki ekamatr chikitsa tatkal raktadan hai.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

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tika tippani aur sandarbh

• vishv kosh (khand 10) pej n.19, priyakumar chaube