रसखान का श्रृंगार रस
hindi sahity mean krishna bhakt tatha ritikalin kaviyoan mean rasakhan ka mahattvapoorn sthan hai. 'rasakhan' ko ras ki khan kaha jata hai. inake kavy mean bhakti, shrrigaanr ras donoan pradhanata se milate haian. [[chitr:raskhan-2.jpg|rasakhan ke dohe, mahavan, mathura|thumb|250px]] shrriangar ras ke do bhed haian-
- sanyog shrriangar
- vipralanbh shrriangar.
sanyog shrriangar
priy aur premi ka milan do prakar ka ho sakata hai- sanbhog sahit aur sanbhog rahit. pahale ka nam sanbhog shrriangar aur doosare ka nam sanyog shrriangar hai.
sanbhog shrriangar
jahaan nayak-nayika ki sanyogavastha mean jo parasparik rati rahati hai vahaan sanbhog shrriangar hota hai. 'sanbhog' ka arth sanbhog sukh ki prapti hai. rasakhan ke kavy mean sanbhog shrriangar ke anek udaharan milate haian. radha-krishna milan aur gopi-krishna milan mean kahian-kahian sanbhog shrriangar ka poorn paripak hua hai. udaharan ke lie—
aankhiyaan aankhiyaan so sakai milai hilai rijhai hiyo haribo.
batiyaan chitt choran chetak si ras charu charitran oocharibo.
rasakhani ke pran sudha bharibo adharan pe tyoan adhara dharibo.
itane sab main ke mohini jantr pe mantr basikar si karibo॥[1] is pady mean rasakhan ne sanbhog shrriangar ki abhivyakti nayak aur nayika ki shrriangari cheshtaoan dvara karayi hai. yadyapi unhoanne nayak tatha nayika ya krishna-gopi shabd ka prayog nahian kiya, tathapi yah poornataya dhvanit ho raha hai ki yahaan gopi-krishna alanban haian. chitt choran chetak si batiyaan uddipan vibhav haian. aankhiyaan milana, hilana, rijhana adi anubhav haian. harsh sanchari bhav hai. sanbhog shrriangar ki poorn abhivyakti ho rahi hai. sanbhog shrriangar ke anand-sagar mean athakheliyaan karate hue nayak-nayika ka ramaniy svaroop is prakar varnit hai—
soee huti piy ki chhatiyaan lagi bal pravin maha mud manai.
kes khule chhaharaian baharean phaharaian, chhabi dekhat man amane.
va ras mean rasakhan pagi rati rain jagi akhiyaan anumanai.
chand pai bianb au bianb pai kairav kairav pai mukatan pramanai॥[2]
adhar lagai ras pyai baansuri bajai,
mero nam gai hai jadoo kiyau man maian.
natakhat naval sughar nandanandan ne,
karikai achet chet hari ke jatan maian.
jhatapat ulat pulat pat paridhan,
jan lagian lalan pai sabai bam ban maian.
ras ras saras rangilo rasakhani ani,
jani zor juguti bilas kiyau jan maian॥[3] yahaan krishna aur gopiyoan ke sanbhog shrriangar ka chitran hai. yah chitr anubhavoan evan sanchari bhavoan dvara bahut hi ramaniy ban p da hai. sanbhog shrriangar niroopan maryadavadi bhakt kaviyoan ki maryada ke anukool nahian hai. kintu sath hi hamean yah nahian bhoolana chahie ki rasakhan kisi parampara mean bandh kar nahian chale. pandit vishvanath prasad mishr ke anusar- 'ye svachchhand dhara ke riti mukt kavi haian. soofi santoan aur farasi-sahity ki pravritti se prabhavit hue haian yah asandigdh hai.[4] rasakhan ka yah shrriangar niroopan unake soophi kavy se prabhavit hone ki or sanket karata hai.
sanyog shrriangar
jahaan nayak-nayika ki sanyogavastha mean parasparik rati hoti hai, par sanbhog sukh prapt nahian hota, vahaan sanyog-shrriangar hota hai.[5] jo vishad atmanubhooti roop mean hai usaka paryavasan bhi prem hi hota hai. aisa prem kisi vastu ka, jaise bhogadi sadhan nahian banata. is sadhy-bhoot prem ka milan 'sanyog' kaha jana chahie kintu vastavikata yah hai ki premi premika ke prem mean milan mean sannidhy ki kamana avashy hoti hai. har premi apani priya se sharir-sambandh ki ichchha karata hai. isalie laukik prem ke sanyog paksh mean vishad atmanubhooti ki kalpana keval adarsh hi pratit hoti hai. sanyog vishad atmanubhooti ya anubhootyatmak prem ke abhav mean bhi sanbhav hai. sankshep mean jahaan sanbhog n hote hue bhi milan sukhanubhooti ki vyanjana ho vahaan sanyog shrriangar manana chahie. rasakhan ne gopi-krishna (radha-krishna) ke milan-prasangoan mean sanyog shrriangar ki jhaankiyaan prastut ki haian. udaharanarth—
khanjan mil sarojan ko mrig ko mad ganjan diragh naina.
kuanjan tean nikasyau musakat su pan bharayau mukh amrit baina.
jaee rahai man pran bilochan kanan maian ruchi manat chaina.
rasakhani karayau ghar mo hiy maian nisibasar ek palau nikasai na॥[6] yahaan gopi-krishna alanban vibhav haian. krishna ka svaroop kuanjan, kuanjan se muskate, pan khate nikalana uddipan vibhav haian sanchari bhav evan anubhavoan ke abhav mean bhi darshan labh dvara sanyog-shrriangar dhvanit ho raha hai. is prakar ke anek udaharan rasakhan ke kavy mean upalabdh haian. krishna ke svaroop-darshan matr se hi gopiyoan ki aankhean prem kanauandi ho geean. aangrezi sahity ke 'pratham darshan' mean prem (lav ait pharst sait) ke darshan bhi rasakhan ke shrriangar niroopan mean hote haian—
var hian goras beanchi ri aju tooan mai ke moo d chadhai kat mauandi.
avat jat hian hoigi saanjh bhatoo jamuna bhatarauand lo auandi.
par gean rasakhani kahai aankhiyaan kahooan hohigi prem kanauandi.
radhe balaee layau jaigi baj abai brajaraj-saneh ki dauandi॥[7] krishna ke darshan matr se gopi unake premadhin ho geean. sanyog mean harsh, ullas adi varnan ki parampara rahi hai. rasakhan ne bhi yahaan usake darshan karaye haian. krishna ke darshan kar gopiyaan praphullit ho rahi hean. kabhi krishna hansakar ga rahe haian kabhi gopiyaan premamayi ho rahi haian. lajjayukt gopi ghooanghat mean se krishna ko nihar rahi haian. yahaan gopi-krishna alanban haian. ban, bag, t dag, kanjagali uddipan haian. vilokana evan hansana anubhav haian. lajja sanchari bhav hai, sthayi bhav rati hai, shrriangar ras ka poorn paripak ho raha hai. rasakhan ne dohe jaise chhote chhand mean bhi harsh aur ullas dvara sanyog shrriangar ki hridayasparshi vyanjana ki hai. udaharanarth—
bank bilokani hansani muri madhur bain rasakhani.
mile rasik rasaraj dou harakhi hiye rasakhani.[8] unhoanne nimnaankit pad mean suandar roopak dvara sanyog shrriangar ke samast upakaranoan ko juta diya hai. nayika nayak se kahati hai-
bagan kahe ko jao piya ghar baithe hi bag lagay dikhaooan.
e di anar si mori rahi, bahiyaan dou champe ki dar navaooan.
chhatin maian ras ke nibuva aru ghooanghat kholi kai dakh chakhaooan.
dhaangan ke ras ke chasake rati phoolani ki rasakhani lutaooan॥[9] yahaan shrriangar apani charam sima par pahuanch gaya hai. jis prakar priy ke roop ko dekhakar ghananand ki nayika ke hriday mean harsh ki umangean, sagar ki tarangean rag ki dhvani ki bhaanti uthati haian. netr roop rashi ka anubhav karate haian phir bhi trishit hi bane rahate haian; usi prakar krishna ke darshan se rasakhan ki gopiyoan ka man bhi unake lavany-sagar mean doob jata hai. ve roopasagar mean kilolean karane lagati haian. krishna-kataksh se unaki lajja ka haran ho jata hai. udaharanarth—
sajani pur-bithin maian piy-gohan lagi phiraian jit hi tit dhaee.
baansuri teri sunai ali apanai lee brajaraj kanhaee॥[10] rasakhan ke chitr itane suandar haian ki bad ke kavi unase prabhavit hue bina n rah sake. ritikalin prasiddh kavi matiram[11] ke savaiyoan par rasakhan ke sanyog-varnan ki gahari chhap hai, kiantu ve rasakhan ke saman madhury[12] ke aantastal mean pravesh n kar sake.
vipralanbh shrriangar
shrriangar ras ke do bhed pahale hi bata diye haian. jahaan anurag to ati utkat ho, parantu priy samagam n ho use vipralanbh (viyog) kahate haian. vipralanbh poorvarag, man, pravas aur karun in bhedoan se char prakar ka hota hai. rasakhan ne karun vipralanbh ka niroopan apane kavy mean nahian kiya. rasakhan ka man nipralanbh shrriangar-niroopan mean adhik nahian rama. usaka karan yah ho sakata hai ki ve apani antardrishti ke karan krishna ko sadaiv apane pas anubhav karate the aur is prakar ki sanyogavastha mean bhi viyog ka chitran kathin hota hai. rasakhan ke laukik jivan mean hamean ghananand ki bhaanti kisi vichhoh ke darshan nahian hote. isilie unase ghananand ki bhaanti jite jagate aur hridayasparshi virahanivedan ki asha karana vyarth hi hoga. rasakhan ne viyog ke anek chitr upasthit nahian kiye kintu jo likha hai vah marmasparshi hai jis par sankshep mean vichar kiya jata hai.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ sujan rasakhan, 120
- ↑ sujan rasakhan, 119
- ↑ sujan rasakhan, 32
- ↑ rasakhani (granthavali), bhoomika, pri0 14
- ↑ kavyadarpan, pri0 173
- ↑ sujan rasakhan, 31
- ↑ sujan rasakhan, 41
- ↑ sujan rasakhan, 109
- ↑ sujan rasakhan, 122
- ↑ sujan rasakhan, 68
- ↑ anan chand nihari-nihari nahian tanu audhan jivan varaian.
charu chinauni chubhi matiram hiy mati ko gahi tahi nikaraian.
kyoan kari dhauan murali mani kundal mor pakha banamal bisarai.
te ghani je braj raj lakhaian, grih kaj karaian aru laj samarai. --matiram granthavali - ↑ sujan rasakhan, 69
bahari k diyaan
sanbandhit lekh
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