रसखान की अलंकार योजना

hindi sahity mean krishna bhakt tatha ritikalin kaviyoan mean rasakhan ka mahattvapoorn sthan hai. 'rasakhan' ko ras ki khan kaha jata hai. rasakhan ki alankar yojana is prakar hai-

• alankar shabd ka arth hai jo doosari vastu ko alankrit kare- alankaroti iti alankar:.
• achary dandi ne kaha hai ki kavy ke sabhi shobhakarak dharm alankar haian. unaki is paribhasha mean chamatkar utpann karane vale sabhi kavy tattvoan ki visheshataoan ko alankar man liya gaya hai.
• alankar se bhamah ka abhipray aisi shabd ukti se hai jo vakr arthat vichitr arth ka vidhan karane vali ho. alankar shabd aur arth mean vidyaman kavi pratibhotthit aise vaichitry ko alankar kah sakate haian, jo vaky-sauandary ko atishayata pradan karata hai. isi se sabhi bharatiy kavyashastriyoan ne kavy mean alankar ke mahattv ko nirvivad roop se svikar kiya hai.
• alankaroan ke vidhivat prayog se hi kavy alankrit hota hai. niras kavy mean alankar-yojana ukti vaichitry matr haian. alankar-prayog mean auchity ka poorn nirvah hona chahie. rasakhan ne isaka dhyan rakha hai. kavivar rasakhan ki ganana bhakt kaviyoan mean ki jati hai. bhakti kavyadhara ke kaviyoan ne alankaroan ka sannivesh bahutayat se kiya hai. parantu unhoanne alankaroan ki apeksha alankary-bhav-ras ko hi adhik gaurav diya hai. rasakhan ki pravritti bhi aisi hi hai. unhoanne bhav par adhik bal diya hai. bahari t dak-bh dak aur alankaroan ke barabas vidhan ka prayas nahian kiya. unaki rachana mean aye hue alankar svabhavik aur abhivyakti ko praanjal banane mean sahayak haian. anupras, upama, roopak, utpreksha, pratip adi alankaroan ka saphal prayog hua hai.
  

shabdalankar

anupras keval bharatiy kaviyoan ne hi nahian balki pashchaty kaviyoan ne bhi anupras alankar ka bahut adhik ruchi ke sath prayog kiya hai. anupras ki paribhasha evan svaroop ke vishay mean bhi achary moolat: ekamat haian. sthool roop se, varnasamy ko 'anupras' kaha gaya hai. achary bhamah ke anusar svaroan ki vishamata hone par bhi vyanjanoan ki aisi avritti jisamean bahut vyavadhan n ho aur jo ras evan bhav ke anukool ho, use 'anupras' kahate haian. anupras ke pradhanat: do bhed haian-

chhekanupras

jahaan ek ya anek varnoan ki kramanusar avritti keval ek bar ho arthat ek ya anek varnoan ka prayog keval do bar ho, vahaan chhekanupras hota hai. chhekanupras ka ek udaharan drashtavy hai—

• dekhau durau vah kuanj kutir mean baitho palotat radhika payan.
• main manohar bain bajai susajai tan sohat pit pata hai.
  

uparyukt pahali pankti mean 'd' aur 'k' ka tatha doosari pankti mean 'm' aur 'b' ka prayog do bar hua hai. in varnoan ki avritti ek bar hone se yahaan chhekanupras hai.

vrityanupras

jahaan vrittiyoan (upanagarika, parusha aur komala) ke anusar ek ya anek varnoan ki avritti kramapoorvak anek bar ho. rasakhan ke kavy mean anupras ki b di chittakarshak yojana huee hai. anupras ki niyojana se kavita sunane mean bhali lagati hai. usase kavita ka prabhav parivardhit ho jata hai. rasakhan ke kavitt aur savaiyoan ki varnayojana bhavak ke man ko tarangit karati rahati hai. bhavanukool anupras ka prayog saphal kavi hi kar sakate haian. rasakhan ne apane ko is kala mean parangat siddh kiya hai. rasakhan ki kavita mean vrityanuprasayukt anekanek suandar savaiye aur kavitt haian. aisa lagata hai ki kavi shabdoan ko nachata hua chal raha hai.
sesh ganes mahes suresahu jahi nirantar gavaian.
jahi anadi anant akhand achhed abhed su bed batavaian.

athava

chhaki chhail chhabili chhata chhaharai ke kautuk koti dikhai rahi.

yamak

jahaan bhinnarthak varnoan (nirarthak ya sarthak) ki kramash: punaravritti ho, vahaan 'yamak' alankar hota hai. 'yamak' ka shabdik arth hai jo da. is alankar ka nam 'yamak' isalie rakha gaya hai kyoanki isamean ek jaise do shabd prayukt hote haian. sarthak varn samooh ki apeksha nirarthak varnasamooh ki avritti yamak ke chamatkar mean vishesh vriddhi karati hai. yamak mean kahian donoan varn samooh sarthak hote haian, kahian donoan nirarthak evan kahian ek sarthak hota hai aur ek nirarthak.

shlesh

• jahaan shlisht padoan dvara anek arthoan ka kathan kiya jay vahaan shlesh alankar hota hai. shlesh pray: any alankaroan ka sahayogi hokar hi kavy mean yojit hota hai. bhavuk kaviyoan ke kavy mean is alankar ka prayog bahut simit roop mean hua hai. isaka karan yah hai ki shlesh mean aise shabdoan ka vidhan hota hai jo anek arthoan ko prakat karate haian. anekarthak shabdoan ki yojana mean prayas karana p data hai. shlesh ke dvara kavy ka bahy avaran hi adhik alankrit hota hai.
• rasakhan ke kavy mean is alankar ka prayog bahut hi kam hua hai. rasakhan nishchhal bhavanaoan ko vyakt karane vale kavi haian. aur shlesh bhavotkarsh mean bahut adhik sahayogi nahian hota. phir bhi kahian-kahian usaki yojana suandar roop mean huee hai—
  

man lino pyare pai chhataank nahian det.
yahai kaha pati padhi dal ko pichho let॥

• is dohe mean 'man' aur 'chhataank' shabd mean spasht roop se shlesh hai. 'man' ka arth hai chitt aur doosara arth hai 'chalis ser'. isi tarah 'chhataank' ka ek arth hai jhalak ya kataanchh (kataksh) aur doosara arth hai ser ka solahavaan bhag.

vakrokti

kisi ek abhipray vale kahe hue vaky ka, kisi any dvara shlesh athava kaku se, any arth lie jane ko 'vakrokti' alankar kahate haian. vakrokti alankar do prakar ka hota hai- shlesh vakrokti aur kaku bakrokti. shlesh vakrokti mean kisi shabd ke anek arth hone ke karan vakta ke abhipret arth se any arth grahan kiya jata hai aur kaku vakrokti mean kanth dhvani arthath bolane vale ke lahaje mean bhed hone ke karan doosara arth kalpit kiya jata hai. vakrokti alankar ka niyojan ek kashtasadhy karm hai, jisake lie prayas karana anivary hai. bhavuk kaviyoan ne isaka prayog kam hi kiya hai. rasakhan ki rachanaoan mean vakrokti ki yojana namamatr ko hai, parantu jo hai, vah sahriday ke chitt ko prasann karane vali hai. danalila ke prasang mean kavi ki kala ka chamatkar drashtavy hai—
chhir jau chahat chir gahaian ajoo leu n ketik chhir achaihau.
chakhan ke mis makhan maangat khau n makhan ketik khai dau.
janati hauan jiy ki rasakhani su kahekauan etik bat badhaihau.
gauras ke mis jo ras chahat sau ras kanhajoo neku n paihau॥

• 'kanhajoo' ne gopi ke prati jo cheshta ki usaka uttar vah b de vakratapoorn dhang se deti hai. yadi 'chir' gahane se 'chhir' chahate ho, to lo kitana pioge, chakhane ke bahane makkhan maangate ho to lo khaoan, kitana khaoge. parantu gopi krishna ki in cheshtaoan ka doosara arth leti huee kahati hai ki maian tumhare man ki bat janati hooan, tum gauras (doodh, dahi, ghi) ke bahane 'gauras' (indriyoan ka ras) chahate ho, to lo sun lo ki vah ras tum jara-sa bhi nahian paoge. savaiya ki aantim pankti mean vakrokti ki saras evan natyamay vyanjana huee hai.

roopak

[[chitr:raskhan-3.jpg|rasakhan ki samadhi, mahavan, mathura|thumb|250px]] upamey par upaman ke nishedh-rahit abhed arop ko roopak kahate haian. 'arop' ka arth hai- roop dena arthath doosare ke roop mean rang dena. yah 'arop' kalpit hota hai. roopak mean upamey ko upaman samajh liya jata hai. upama mean upamey aur upaman mean sadrishy hote hue bhi bhinnata hoti hai jabaki roopak mean donoan ek se jan p date haian. unamean ekaroopata hoti hai. roopak ke tin mukhy bhed haian-

1. saangaroopak- jahaan upamey mean upaman ka aangoan ke sahit arop ho vahaan saangaroopak hota hai.
2. nirangaroopak- aangoan se rahit upaman ka jahaan upamey mean arop hota hai vahaan nirangaroopak hota hai.
3. paranparitaroopak- jahaan ek arop doosare arop ka karan ho vahaan paranparitaroopak hota hai.

roopak alankar ki nibandhana mean bharatiy mahakaviyoan ki vishesh pravritti rahi hai. yah rasakhan ka bhi priy alankar hai. unake kavy mean sthal-sthal par roopakoan ki sundar niyojana ki gee hai. ve svabhavik roop se ae haian tatha unake dvara bhavoan ki marmik vyanjana huee hai. roopak chittavidhayak alankar hai. rasakhan ne isaka saphal prayog kiya hai. prem kiya nahian jata, ho jata hai. nayika ne nayak ko dekha aur usaka man usake hath se nikal gaya. vah priyatam ke prati bebas ho gee—
nain dalalani chauhataian, man-manik piy hath.
rasakhaan dhol bajai kai, baichyau hiy jiy sath॥

• uparilikhit dohe mean saangaroopak ki yojana darshaniy hai. nain roopi dalaloan ne man roopi manik ko dhol bajakar bich bazar mean hriday aur pran ke sahit priyatam ke hath bech diya. isi se milati-julati bat bihari ne bhi kahi hai-
  

lobh lage hari-roop ke, kari saanti juri jai.
hauan in bechi bich hi, lauin b di balai॥

• sharir ka roopak bag ke roop mean baandhati huee nayika ke kathan mean shuddh shrriangaraparak saangaroopak ki yojana chittakarshak hai-
  

bagan kahe ko jao piya ghar baithe hi bag lagay dikhaooan.
e di anar si mauri rahi, bahiyaan dou chanpe ki dar navaooan.
chhatin mean ras ke nibua aru ghooanghat kholi kai dakh chakhaooan.
dhaangan ke ras ke chasakai rati phoolan ki rasakhani lutaooan॥

• is savaiye mean bahoan par chanpa ki jhuki huee dal ka, stanoan par saras niboo ka aur othoan par aangoor ka arop aang-roop se karake bag-roopi sharir ke mukhy roopak ko poorn kiya hai. is prakar yahaan par saangaroopak ki niyojana ki gee hai. nirangaroopak ke aankan mean bhi rasakhan khoob saphal rahe haian. nayak par mohit huee nayika kahati hai—

khanjan nain phande pianjara chhabi, nahi rahai thir kaise hooan maee.

• yahaan par nayika ke khanjan roopi netroan ka nayak ke chhavi roopi pianj de mean phans jane ka varnan hai. 'nain' upamey par 'khanjan' upaman ka arop hua hai. isamean 'nain' upamey ke aangoan mean khanjan upaman ke aangoan ka arop nahian hua hai. yahi sthiti 'pianjara' aur 'chhavi' ki bhi hai. nirang roopak ka ek udaharan aur lijie. nandakumar ko dekhane ke lie nand ke ghar gee huee gopi lautakar apani sakhi se apane anubhav ka varnan karati hai—
  

johan nandakumar kauan gee nand ke geh.
mauhian dekhi musakai kai barasyau meh saneh॥

• yahaan 'meh saneh' mean roopak he, arthat meh-roopi sneh ki varsha ho gee. sneh ki atishayata soochit karane ke lie use meh ke roop mean chitrit kiya gaya hai. uparyukt uddharanoan ke sandarbh mean kaha ja sakata hai ki roopak alankar ki yojana mean rasakhan ko ativ saphalata mili hai.

utpreksha

jahaan prastut mean aprastut ki sanbhavana ki jay, vahaan utpreksha alankar hota hai. 'utpreksha' (uth+pr+eeksha) ka shabdik arth hai, ooancha dekhana arthath u dan lena. upamey aur upaman ko paraspar bhinn janate hue bhi is alankar mean kalpana ki ooanchi u dan ke sahare upamey ko upaman samajhane ka prayatn kiya jata hai. 'sanbhavana' ka tatpary 'ek koti ka prabal' jnan hai. isamean jnan poora nishchayatmak nahian hota, balki tho da kam hota hai. utpreksha rasakhan ke sabase priy alankaroan mean se ek hai. isake anek prayog unake kavy ki shrivriddhi karate haian. isaka karan yah he ki utpreksha ka prayog karate hue kavi-kalpana ko u dan bharane ki adhik guanjaish rahati hai. rasakhan ne apani kavi-kalpana ka sadupayog karate hue utpreksha alankar ka vividh prasangoan mean ramaniy vidhan kiya hai.

• gopi gokul mean dahian bechane ke lie nikali. raste mean krishna se usaki bheant ho gee. aankheanan char hueean. vah kamabhibhoot ho gee. dan maangate hue krishna apani a d par dat ge. satvik bhav 'kanp' aur sanchari bhav bhay se yukt gopi ke us roop ki kitani hridayasparshi utpreksha rasakhan ne nimnalikhit savaiye mean ki hai—
  

pahale dadhi lai gi gokul mean chakh chari bhe natanagar pai.
rasakhani kari uni mainamee kahean dan dai dan kharai ar pai.
nakh taian sikh nil nichol lapete sakhi sam bhaanti kanpai darapai.
manau damini savan ke ghan maian nikasaian nahian bhitar hi tarapai.

• nakh se shikh tak nila vastr lapete hue bhay se kaanpati huee gopi is prakar shobhit ho rahi hai mano savan ke badal ke bich mean bijali ghir gee ho aur bahar n nikal pane ke karan vah bhitar hi bhitar chamak rahi ho. nil vastr se achchhadit gaur varn yuvati ke bijali ke saman aangoan ki aisi hi sundar kalpana 'kamayani' mean jayashankar prasad ne bhi ki hai—
  

nil paridhan bich sukumar
khul raha mridul adhakhula aang,
khila ho jyauan bijali ka phool
megh-van-bich gulabi rang.

apahnuti

jahaan prakrit ka nishedh kar aprakrit ka sthapan kiya jay vahaan 'apahnuti' alankar hota hai. apahnuti keval sadrishy-sambandh mean hi hoti hai. 'apahnuti' ka shabdik arth hai- chhipana ya nishedh karana. isamean kisi saty bat ko chhipakar ya nishedh karake usake sthan par koee jhoothi bat sthapit ki jati hai. apahnuti ki yojana mean pray: kritrimata ane ki ashanka rahati haian rasakhan ke kavy mean yah alankar bahut hi viral roop mean aya hai. ekadh sthaloan par isaki chittakarshak vyanjana huee hai. baansuri bajate hue, gaucharan ka git gate hue, gvaloan ke sath shrikrishna gopika ki gali mean a ge. gopika unaki baansuri ki ter ko sunakar kahati hai—
baansuri mean uni meroee naanv sugvalini ke mis teri sunayau.
uparyukt pankti mean apahnuti alankar ki sundar chhata hai. yahaan par krishna vanshi se gopi-nam-dhvani nahian karate. ve 'sugvalini' ki dhvani terate haian. yahaan gopi ke nam ka nishedh kiya gaya hai aur aprakrit 'sugvalini' nam ki sthapana ki gee hai. lekin gopi is saty ko samajhati hai ki unhoanne baansuri mean 'sugvalini' ke mis se mere nam ko hi sunaya hai.

atishayokti

jahaan upaman dvara upamey ka nigaran, asambandh mean maian sambandh ki kalpana, upamey ka anyatv athava karan aur kary ka pauvapiry- viparyay varnit ho, vahaan 'atishayokti' alankar hota hai. atishayokti ka arth hai atikant athava ullanghan arthat kisi vastu ke vishay mean lokasima se badha-chadhakar kathan karana. kavy mean atishayokti ke adhar par hi kavi kalpana ki madhur u danean bharate haian. samany jivan ke vyavahar mean bhi atishayokti ka prayog bahulata se kiya jata hai. at: use manav ki svabhav-jany visheshata kaha ja sakata hai.

atishayokti kaviyoan ki paranpara se prapt alankar hai. rasakhan ne bhi kavy paranparagat roop mean hi usako grahan kiya hai, jisase usamean navinata aur kathan mean suandar chamatkar a gaya hai. unaki atishayokti-yojana keval vaichitry-pradarshan banakar hi nahian rah gee hai, balki abhipret varny vishay mean utkarsh lane ko poornat: samarth hai. kavi saundary-niketan radha ki aniandy roop-chhata ka chitran karata hua atishayokti karata hai—

basar tooan ju kahooan nikarai rabi ko rath maanjh akas arairi.
rain yahai gati hai rasakhani chhapakar aangan tean n tare ri.
dyaus nisvas chalyauee karai nisi dyauans ki asan pay dharai ri.
tero n jat kachhoo din rati bichare batohi ki bat parai ri॥

• nayika gore rang ki hai. usake saundary mean apratim abha hi darshaniy hai. sakhi use barajati huee kahati hai ki too din mean ghar se bahar n nikal anyatha tere roop ko dekhane ke lie soory ka rath akash mean hi ruk jaega. yahi sthiti rat mean bhi hogi- chandrama aangan mean akar tujhe takataki baandhakar dekhata rahega, vahaan se 'tarega' nahian (shayad yah sochakar ki mera pratidvandvi kahaan se a gaya). (too padmagandha hai at:) din mean vayu teri sugandh lene ati hai. rat mean bhi vah din ki si asha se pichhe laga hai. (tumhare bahar nikalane se) tumhara to kuchh nahian jaega, haan pathik bechare ka rasta ruk jaega. (kyoanki samay soochak ye grah ruk jaeange, apana kary karana band kar deange

is prakar ham dekhate haian ki is savaiye mean kavi ne radha ki saundary garima ka lokasima se badha chadhakar kathan kiya hai. at: yahaan atishayokti alankar hai. rasakhan ne atishayokti ka paranparagat roopoan mean prayog kiya hai.

vyatirek

jahaan upaman ki apeksha adhik gun hone ke karan upamey ka utkarsh ho vahaan 'vyatirek alankar' hota hai. vyatirek ka shabdik arth hai adhiky. vyatirek mean karan ka hona anivary hai. rasakhan ke kavy mean vyatirek ki yojana kahian kahian hi huee hai. kintu jo hai, vah akarshak hai. nayika apani sakhi se kah rahi hai ki aisi koee stri nahian hai jo krishna ke sundar roop ko dekhakar apane ko sanbhal sake. he sakhi, maianne 'brajachandr' ke salaune roop ko dekhate hi lokalaj ko 'taj' diya hai kyoanki—

khanjan mil sarojani ki chhabi ganjan nain lala din hono.
bhauanh kaman so johan ko sar bedhan pranani nand ko chhono.

• yahaan nandalal ke din din honahar nayan khanjan, min aur saroj (kamal) se bhi adhik chhavi vale batalae ge haian. kintu unamean ek vishishtata aur bhi he. vah yah ki krishna 'bhauanh kaman' se kataksh ka ban chho dakar pranoan ko bedhate haian. yahaan upamey mean upaman ki apeksha adhik gun hone ke karan vyatirek alankar hai. ek any udaharan lijie- nayika mean yauvanagam ho gaya hai. usaki bhauanho mean baankapan tatha chitavan mean tirachhapan a gaya hai. sath hi 'taank si laank bhee rasakhani sudamini te duti dooni hiya ki.'
• yahaan 'sudamini tean duti dooni hiya ki' mean vyatirek alankar hai. kyoanki, upaney nayika ke ubhare hue vakshasthal ki duti bijali se bhi dooni hai- aisa kaha gaya hai.

paryay

jahaan ek vastu ki anek vastuoan mean athava anek vastuoan ki ek vastu mean kram se (kal-bhed se) sthiti ka varnan ho vahaan paryay alankar hota hai.

• nimnaankit panktiyoan mean krishna ki anek cheshtaoan ka varnan hai—

kahoo ko makhan chakhi gayau aru kahoo ko doodh dahi dharakayau.
kahooan ko chir le rookh chadhayau aru kahoo ko guanjachhara chhaharayau.

• 'jasomati' ke 'chhohara' (krishna) kisi ka makkhan kha ge to kisi ka dahi dharaka diya, kisi ka 'chir' lekar vriksh par chadh ge to kisi ki guanjaphal ki mala ko bikher diya. yahaan krishna ke dvara ki jane vali anek kriyaoan ka varnan hai. at yahaan paryay alankar hai.

virodhamoolak alankar, virodhabhas

vastut: virodh n hone par jahaan virodh ka abhas ho vahaan 'virodhabhas' alankar hota hai. virodh ke karan samany ukti mean bhi anokha chamatkar a jata hai. is alankar mean virodh keval abhasit hota hai. lekin vichar karane par usaka parihar ho jata hai. aisi uktiyoan ke karan kavy-saundary mean utkarsh ata hai. rasakhan ke kavy mean virodhabhas alankar ki yojana namamatr ko huee hai. isaka karan yah hai ki ve bhakt the, kavy unaki tivr bhavabhivyakti ka sadhan tha. vah bat ko belag kahate the- bahut adhik ghuma phira kar nahian. vachan-vidagdhata ke pradarshan ki cheshta unhoanne kahian nahian ki hai. prem-panth b da vichitr hai- kamal nal se bhi kshin aur khadg ki dhar se bhi tikshn. anivar prem ke marg ke vishay mean kavi ka 'virodhabhas' chamatkar dekhie—

kamalatantu se hin aru, kathin kh dag ki dhar.
atisoodhau tedhau bahuri, prem panth anivar॥

jo sidha hai vah tedha kaise ho sakata hai? yahian to virodhabhas hai. pratyakshat: donoan (soodhau, tedhau) mean virodh drishtigat hota hai, parantu tattvat virodh hai nahian. prem ho jata hai, usamean chhal-chhand ranchamatr bhi nahian he. vah nishchhal hriday ka pravah hai- is drishti se 'soodhau' (sidha) hai. lekin prem marg par chalana tedhi khir hai, duniya ka vyangy aur upahas sath rahata hai, kathinaiyaan jivan ko asthir kar deti haian. is drishti se 'tedhau' (tedha) hai. ek any udaharan bhi avalokaniy hai. gopi krishna ke apratim saundary par mugdh hai. unake netr kataksh ko dekhate hi usaki laj ki gaanth khul jati hai—

suni ri sajani alabelo lala vah kuanjani kuanjani dolat hai.
rasakhani lakhean man boo di gayau madhi roop ke siandhu kalolat hai.

visangati

jahaan apatat: virodh drishtigat hote hue, kary aur karan ka vaiyadhikarany varnit ho, vahaan asangati alankar hota hai. isamean do vastuoan ka varnan hota hai- jinamean karan karyasambandh hota hai. in vastuoan ki ekadeshiy sthiti avashyak hai, lekin varnan bhinnadeshatv ka kiya jata hai. rasakhan ke sahity mean asangati ki yojana atyant simit roop mean huee hai. ek prabhav-vyanjak udaharan avalokaniy hai. gokul ke gval (krishna) ki manohar cheshtaoan par mugdh huee gopi kahati hai—

pichaka chalai aur juvati bhijai neh,
lochan nachai mere aangahi nachai gau.

yahaan kriya krishna ke netroan mean hoti hai parantu prabhav gopi ke aang par hota hai. usaka aang aang usake lol lochanoan ke kataksh mean nach uthata hai.

ekavali

1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy

jahaan shrriankhalaroop mean varnit padarthoan mean visheshy visheshan bhav sambandh ho vahaan ekavali alankar hota hai. is alankar ki yojana kavi log keval chamatkar utpann karane ke lie karate haian. isamean kalpana ki u dan ka vinodatmak roop hota hai. nimnaankit pankti mean kavi ne ekavali alankar ka niyojan kiya hai—

va ras mean rasakhan pagi rati rain jagi aankhiyaan anumanai.
chand pai bimb au bianb pai kairav kairav pai mukatan pramanai.

yahaan par nayika ke mukh, adhar aur netroan ke aangoan ka ek ke bad ek karake shrriankhala roop mean varnan hua hai. rat bhar jagaran ke karan nayika ki aankh lal ho gee haian. usake mukh par chandr par bianb (kundaroo- lal aankhoan ki lalaee) hai, bianb par kairav (aankhoan mean safed kaue) haian aur 'kairav' par muktaean (rat bhar jagane se janbhaee lene par svat: nikal p dane vali aansoo ki booandean) haian. rasakhan ne 'ekavali' ka prayog ekadh sthaloan par hi kiya hai.

any sansarg moolak alankar, udaharan

samany roop se hi huee bat ko spasht karane ke lie jahaan usi samany mean ek aansh ko udaharan ke roop mean rakha jata hai, vahaan udaharan alankar hota hai. udaharan alankar ki yojana rasakhan ne alp matra mean ki hai. unake udaharan samany jivan se grahan kie ge haian aur sundar ban p de haian 'udaharan' ke kuchh udaharan nimnaankit haian— rasakhani gubiandahi yauan bhajiyai jimi nagari ko chit gagari maian. kavi kahata hai ki govind ka bhajan ekagr chitt se karana chahie. apani bat ko spasht karane ke lie vah ek udaharan deta hai ki man ko bhagavan mean usi prakar kendrit rakhana chahie jis prakar sir par kee gh de rakhakar chalane vali nagari santulan banaye rakhane ke lie apane man ko gh de par kendrit rakhati hai. yahaan kavi ne samany jivan se ramaniy udaharan prastut kiya hai.

prem hari kau roop hai, tyoan hari prem saroop.
ek hoy dvai yauan lasaian, jyoan sooraj au' dhoop.

is dohe mean kavi ko isht hai 'prem' aur 'hari' (eeshvar) ki ekaroopata pratipadit karana. ek hote hue ye donoan kaise shobhit hote haian- isako spasht karane ke lie usane sooraj aur dhoop ka udaharan prastut kiya hai.

any alankar, anuman

sadhan ke dvara sadhy ke chamatkarapoorn jnan ke varnan ko anuman alankar kahate haian. anuman alankar mean hetu ke dvara sadhy ka anuman karaya jata hai aur yah jnan kavi ke dvara kalpit chamatkar se poorn hota hai. rasakhan ke kavy mean is alankar ka prayog bahut kam hua hai. ek udaharan drashtavy hai-

mohanalal kau hal bilaukiyai naiku kachhoo kini chhavai kar sauan kar.
na karibe par barean haian pran kaha kari haian ab haan karibe par.

nayika man kar rahi hai aur nayak use prasann karane ki cheshta kar raha hai. sakhi nayika ko samajhati hai ki man karane ki avadhi to gh di bhar ki hoti hai aur tum itani der se tikshn netroan se dekh dekhakar nayak ke hriday ko bedh rahi ho. mohan lala tumase prem karane ke lie behal ho rahe haian. jara anuman to karo ki tumhare 'na' karane par jab unaki yah halat hai to 'haan' karane par kya sthiti hogi.

lokokti

jahaan varnit prasang mean lok-prasiddh pravad (kahavat lokokti muhavare adi) ka kathan kiya jay, vahaan 'lokokti' alankar hota hai. rasakhan ke kavy mean lokoktiyoan ka prayog sundar roop mean hua hai. kavi ne unhean bhavoan ke bhooshan mean chamakate hue naginoan ki tarah sthan sthan par j d diya hai. isake anek saras udaharan drashtavy haian. nayak aur nayika donoan kalindi ke tir par milate haian, mu d-mu dakar muskarate haian, ek doosare ki balaiyaan lete haian. ise lakshy karake koee sakhi kahati he ki donoan ne ajakal lok-laj ko tyag diya hai, keval sneh ko 'sarasa' rahe haian, unhean nahian maloom ki age kya hoga-

yah rasakhani dina dvai mean bat phaili jaihai,
kahaan lauan sayani chanda hathan chhipaibau.

do din mean bat phail jati hai. chandrama ko hath se nahian chhipaya ja sakata. yah lok-prasiddhi hai. lokokti alankar ki sahayata se lakshana dvara sakhi yah kahana chahati hai ki gopi aur krishna ki is prem-lila ko gupt rakhana asambhav hai. braj mean isaki charcha phailate der nahian lagegi. isi tarah nimnaankit uddharan mean bhi kavi ne 'n rahega baans n bajegi baansuri' lokokti ka b da hi ramaniy prayog kiya hai—

kariyai upay baans dariyai katay,
nahian upajaigau baans nahian bajai pheri baansuri.

krishna ki vanshi ki dhvani sunakar gopiyaan tanmay hokar vyakul ho jati haian. unhean n to pani ka gh da bharane ki sudhi rahati hai aur n pag dharane ki. ve ghar ka dhyan ki bhoolakar lambi-lambi usaansean bharane lagati haian. koir behal hokar bhoomi par gir jati hai to koee-koee aansuoan se poorit aankhoan vali ho jati hai. kavi kahata hai ki braj-banitaoan ke man ka vadh karane vali banshi kulinata ka dhvans karane vali hai. isaka to ek hi upay hai ki baans ki kata die jaean, isase yah hoga ki n to baans upajeange aur n hi phir banshi bajegi. kavi ne alankar ka kitana prabhavashali prayog kiya hai.

manavikaran

pashchaty kavyashastr ke prabhav se hindi mean kuchh adhunik alankaroan ki charcha bhi hone lagi hai. unhian mean se ek alankar 'manavikaran' hai. yah shabd aangrezi ke 'parasoniphikeshan' ka hindi anuvad hai. 'amanav' mean 'manav' gunoan ke arop karane ki sadharan pravritti ya prakriya ko 'manavikaran' kaha jata hai. manavikaran ke dvara varnaniy vishay mean martikata aur preshaniyata laee jati hai. hindi ki chhayavadi kavita mean manavikaran ka b da hi manohar evan sashakt prayog hua hai. prachin kaviyoan ke kavy mean bhi manavikaran ki visheshataean upalabdh haian. sahaj bhavuk kavi rasakhan ne bhi 'manavikaran' alankar ki sundar yojana ki hai. kuchh udaharan dekhane yogy haian-

• premi ki muskan par mugdh nayika kahati hai— bairini vahi bhee musakani ju va rasakhani ke pran basi hai. yahaan 'musakani' chetan prani nahian hai. (n manav hi hai) phir bhi use 'bairini' kaha gaya hai. bairini vahi ho sakati hai jo chetan ho. 'musakani' ka yahaan manavikaran karake ukti mean chamatkar laya gaya hai. atev yah 'manavikaran' alankar ka udaharan hai.
• vahi baansuri ki dhuni kan parean kulakani hiyau taji bhajati hai. 'kulakani' prani nahian hai jo bhage. kulakani ki chinta manav ko hi ho sakati hai. janavaroan mean is prakar ki bhavana nahian hoti. at: yahaan 'kulakani' mean manav ki visheshata ko chitrit karake usaka manavikaran kiya gaya hai. *mohan mean nayika ka man ataka hua hai tatha man ko chain nahian p data aur sthiti yah hai ki— vyakulata nirakhe bin moorati bhagati bhookh n bhooshan bhavai. yahaan bhagati bhookh mean manavikaran alankar hai, kyoanki amoort aur achetan 'bhookh' ka manavikaran kiya gaya hai tatha usamean bhagane ki visheshata dikhaee gee hai. is prakar ham dekhate haian ki rasakhan ki kavita mean vibhinn prakar ke shabdagat aur arthagat alankaroan ka prayog hua hai.

kavi ne kahian chamatkar lane ke lie alankaroan ko barabas thooansane ki cheshta nahian ki hai. bhav aur ras ke pravah par bhi usaki drishti kendrit rahi hai. bhavoan aur rasoan ki abhivyakti ko utkrisht banane ke lie hi alankaroan ki yojana ki gee hai. uchit sthan par alankaroan ka grahan kiya gaya hai. unhean door tak khianchane ka vyarth prayas nahian kiya gaya hai. auchity ke anusar thik sthan par unaka tyag kar diya gaya hai. rasakhan dvara prayukt alankar apane 'alankar' nam ko sarthak karate haian. shabdalankaroan mean anupras aur arthalankaroan mean upama, utpreksha evan roopak ki nibandhana mean kavi ne vishesh ruchi dikhaee hai. b di kushalata ke sath unaka sannivesh kiya hai, unhean is vidhan mean poorn saphalata mili hai. alankaroan ki sundar yojana se unaki kavita ka kala-paksh nissandeh nikhar aya hai.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh