रसखान की भक्ति-भावना
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hindi sahity mean krishna bhakt tatha ritikalin kaviyoan mean rasakhan ka mahattvapoorn sthan hai. 'rasakhan' ko ras ki khan kaha jata hai. inake kavy mean bhakti, shrriangar ras donoan pradhanata se milate haian. rasakhan krishna bhakt haian aur prabhu ke sagun aur nirgun nirakar roop ke prati shraddhalu haian.
rasakhan ki bhakti-bhavana
[[chitr:raskhan-1.jpg|rasakhan ki samadhi, mahavan, mathura|thumb|250px]] hindi-sahity ka bhakti-yug (sanvath 1375 se 1700 vi0 tak) hindi ka svarn yug mana jata hai. is yug mean hindi ke anek mahakaviyoan –vidyapati, kabiradas, malik muhammad jayasi, sooradas, nandadas, tulasidas, keshavadas, rasakhan adi ne apani anoothi kavy-rachanaoan se sahity ke bhandar ko sampann kiya. is yug mean satrahavian shatabdi ka sthan bhakti-kavy ki drishti se mahattvapoorn hai. sooradas, mirabaee, tulasidas, rasakhan adi ki rachanaoan ne is shatabdi ke gaurav ko badha diya hai. bhakti ka jo aandolan dakshin se chala vah hindi-sahity ke bhaktikal tak sare bharat mean vyapt ho chuka tha. usaki vibhinn dharaean uttar bharat mean phail chuki thian. darshan, dharm tatha sahity ke sabhi kshetroan mean usaka gahara prabhav tha. ek or saanpradayik bhakti ka zor tha, anek tirthasthan, mandir, math aur akha de usake kendr the. doosari or aise bhi bhakt the jo kisi bhi tarah ki saanpradayik halachal se door rah kar bhakti mean lin rahana pasand karate the. rasakhan isi prakar ke bhakt the. ve svachchhand bhakti ke premi the.
bhaktikal ke vyapak adhyayan se pata chalata hai ki usaki bahut si aisi visheshataean haian jo sabhi bhakt kaviyoan mean saman roop se paee jati haian. rasakhan ki kavita mean bhi ve dekhi ja sakati haian. sabhi bhaktoan ne bhagavan ka niroopan kiya hai. yah doosari bat hai ki apani-apani ruchi aur pravritti ke anusar kisi ne bhagavan ke kisi roop par adhik bal diya hai aur kisi ne usake any roopoan par. lekin yah nishchit hai ki sabhi drishti mean bhagavan ek haian, advitiy haian, vah nirgun bhi hai aur sagun bhi. vahi sansar ki rachana karata hai aur sanhar karata hai. vah is jagath ka shasak hai. ghat-ghat vyapi hai. sarvashaktiman hai. vah sachchidanand hai. bhakt ka ekamatr lakshy hai bhagavan aur usake prem ko prapt karana. bhagavan ke prati prem hi 'bhakti' hai. usake pa lene par jiv ko aur kisi vastu ki kamana nahian rah jati.
bhagavan ki bhakti ke bahut se sadhan batalae ge haian. sabhi bhaktoan ne bhakt aur bhagavan ke bich ragatmak-sanbandh ki sthapana par bal diya hai. isake bina doosare sadhan vyarth ho jate haian. sadhan ke roop mean guru aur satsang ki mahima sabhi ne batalaee hai. jiv ko saansarik vishayoan se hatakar bhagavan ki or lagane ke lie, usake man mean vairagy aur eeshvar-prem ki bhavana jagane ke lie, anek prakar ke upadeshoan aur chetavani ki yojana ki hai. sabhi ne chitt ko shuddh rakhane par bal diya hai. bahari acharoan, adanbar adi ki katu nianda ki hai. bhagavan ke prati sharanagati ya atmanivedan ko sabase adhik kalyanakari batalaya hai.
- rasakhan ke samay hindi-sahity mean bhakti ki do mukhy dharaean thian-
- nirgun bhaktidhara
- sagun bhaktidhara.
nirgun bhaktidhara ke kaviyoan ne bhagavan ke nirgun nirakar roop ki upasana par bal diya. unhoanne bhajan-poojan adi ke vidhi-vidhan ki avashyakata nahian svikar ki. bhagavan ke avataroan, lilaoan adi ko maya manakar use apani bhakti ka vishay nahian banaya. unaka samany siddhaant tha- eeshvar ko apane bhitar dekhana, sare sansar mean usaki vibhooti ka darshan karana.
nirgun bhakti-dhara ki do shakhaean
- jnanashrayi shakha
pahali shakha ki 'nirgun kavyadhara' ya 'nirgun sampraday' nam diya gaya hai. is shakha ki visheshata yah thi ki isane adhikatar prerana bharatiy srotoan se grahan ki. isamean jnanamarg ki pradhanata thi. isalie pan. ramachandr shukl ne ise 'jnanashrayi shakha' kaha hai.[1] is shakha ke kaviyoan ne bhaktisadhana ke roop mean yog-sadhana par bahut bal diya hai. is shakha ke pratinidhi kavi kabir hue.
- premamargi shakha
doosari shakha soophi kavy dhara ke nam se vikhyat hai. is shakha ke kaviyoan ne hathayog adi ki sadhana ki apeksha bhavana ko mahattv diya. isaka mukhy adhar prem tha. prem par ashrit hone ke karan hi achary shukl ne ise 'premamargi shakha' kaha hai.[2] is shakha ke bhakt kaviyoan ki bhakti-bhavana par videshi prabhav adhik hai. is prasang mean yah bat dhyan akarshit kie bina nahian rahati ki is shakha ke malik muhammad jayasi adi kavi musalaman the. isalie unhoanne apane sanskaroan ke anusar bhakti ka niroopan kiya. ve bharatiy the, isalie unhoanne apane premakhyanoan ke lie bharatiy vishay chune, bharatiy vicharadhara ko bhi apanaya, parantu us par videshi rang bhi chadha diya. rasakhan bhi musalaman the. atev un par islam ka prabhav bahut tha. sath hi soophi prem-paddhati ka prabhav bhi spasht roop se milata hai. ve kisi matavad mean bandhe nahian. unaka prem svachchhand tha. jo unhean achchha laga, unhoanne bina kisi sankoch ke use adhar banaya. atev unaki kavita mean bharatiy bhakti-paddhati aur soophi ishk-hakiki ka sammishran milata hai. unaki bhakti ka dhaancha ya sharir bharatiy hai kiantu atma islami evan tasavvuph se ranjit hai.
sagun bhaktidhara ki visheshata yah hai ki usamean bhagavan ke nam, roop, gun, lila aur dham ki mahima ka varnan hota hai. is varnan ke lie bhaktoan ne bhagavan ke avataroan mean ram aur krishna ko adhik mahattvapoorn mana hai. bhaktikal ki rachanaoan mean inaki hi mahima mukhy roop se gaee gee hai. in donoan avataroan ke adhar par hi sagun bhaktidhara ka hindi-sahity mean do upadharaoan ke roop mean vibhajan milata hai-
- ramabhakti shakha aur
- krishnabhakti shakha.
ramabhakti shakha
ram ki upasana ko nirgun santoan ne bhi adar diya aur sagun bhaktoan ne bhi. aantar yah tha ki nirgun sanpraday mean nirgun nirakar ram ki upasana ka prachar hua aur sagun-ramabhaktoan ne unaki avatar-lila ko gaurav diya. unhoanne ram ko maryada purushottam ke roop mean pratishthit kiya. ramabhakti shakha mean maryadavad ka palan kiya gaya. dasy bhakti ko pradhanata di gee. isake sabase b de kavi tulasidas hue. krishna bhakt kaviyoan ki madhury bhakti ka prabhav ramabhakti par bhi p da. is shakha mean ek rasik sanpraday chal p da. usamean ram aur sita ki shrriangar-lilaoan ka radha-krishna ki shrriangar lilaoan ki bhaanti hi vistrit chitran kiya gaya. phir bhi is shakha mean bhagavan ke sauandary ki apeksha unake shil aur shakti ka hi niroopan adhik kiya gaya hai.
krishnabhakti shakha
krishna-bhakti-shakha mean bhagavan krishna ke sauandary-paksh ki hi pradhanata rahi. krishna ka charitr vilakshan hai. unaka dhyan krishna ke madhur roop aur unaki lila madhuri par hi keandrit raha. bhagavan ki mahima ka gan karate hue kahian-kahian prasangavash unake lok rakshak roop ka bhi ullekh kar diya hai, kintu mukhy vishay gopi-krishna ka prem hai. krishna-bhakti ka kendr vrindavan tha. shri krishna ki lila-bhoomi hone ke karan unake bhaktoan ne bhi braj ko apana nivas sthan banaya. rasakhan ke bhi vrindavan mean rahane ka ullekh milata hai.
rasakhan ki sari rachanaoan ka anushilan karane par yah nishkarsh nikalata hai ki ve adhikaansh mean bhaktiparak n hokar shrriangaraparak hi haian. saty to yah hai ki unake kuchh hi pady nirvivad roop se bhaktipoorn kahe ja sakate haian. 'premavatika' mean kuchh pady aise bhi haian jinhean laukik prem aur alaukik prem donoan par ghataya ja sakata hai. to phir bahusankhyak shrriangari kavi n manakar bhaktakavi kaise mana ja sakata hai? is vishay mean 'achary vishvanath prasad mishr' ki sthapana dhyan dene yogy hai-
- rasakhani ne svayan prem ko sadhy kaha hai-
jehi pae baikuanth aru harihooan ki nahian chahi.
soi alaukik suddh subh saras saprem kahahi॥
- shri vallabhachary ne hriday ke sanskar aur vikas ki drishti se bhakti ko sadhy avashy kaha hai, par eeshvar-bhakti ko hi, yah kabhi n bhoolana chahie. par 'rasakhani' spasht kahate haian—
ik-aangi binu karanahian, ik ras sada saman.
ganai priyahi sarvasv jo, soee prem praman.[3]
- shri vallabhachary ke anusar bhagavadbhakti ya alaukik prem hi sadhy ho sakata hai. use hi ekaangi, nirhetuk, ekaras hona chahie. par rasakhan laukik prem mean bhi ise svikar karate haian. tatpary yah ki jis prakar ye riti se apane ko svachchhand rakhate the usi prakar bhakti ki saanpradayik niti se bhi. at: ye bhaktimargi krishnabhaktoan, premamargi soophiyoan, ritimargi kaviyoan sabase prithakh svachchhandamargi premonmatt gayak the. koee inhean inaki bhaktivishayak rachana ke karan bhakt kahata ho to kahe, par itane 'vyatirek' ke sath kahe ki ye svachchhand premamargi bhakt the, to koee badha nahian hai.[4]
apani uparyukt sthapana ke samarthan mean mishr ji ne ek doosara thos tark bhi diya hai. rasakhan ki kavyashaili krishnabhakt kaviyoan ki paranparagat shaili se bhinn hai. krishna-bhaktoan ki adhikatar rachanaean git mean hi milati haian. kavitt-savaiya vali shaili mean inhoanne poori astha nahian dikhaee. madhyakal ke shrriangari kaviyoan ne (vishesh kar ke paravarti ritikal ke shrriangari kaviyoan mean) kavitt-savaiya vali shaili ko hi pramukhata di hai.[5] unaki sundar samajhi jane vali rachanaean isi shaili mean likhi gee haian. unaki khyati aur lokapriyata unake kavitt savaiyoan par hi ashrit hai. is sanbandh mean yah nahian bhoolana chahie ki 'sujan rasakhan' ke aranbhik kavitt-savaiyoan mean bhakti-bhav ki pradhanata hai.
bhakti ka svaroop
bhaktishastr ke acharyoan ne bhakti ko premasvaroop batalaya hai.
- shaandily ne apane bhaktisootr mean bhakti ki paribhasha dete hue kaha hai ki eeshvar mean ki gee paranurakti bhakti hai.[6]
- narad ne bhi bhagavan ke prati kie ge param prem ko bhakti kaha hai.[7]
- madhusoodan sarasvati ne bhakti ka lakshan karate hue batalaya hai ki bhagavaddharm ke karan drut chitt ki parameshvar ke prati dharavahik vritti ko bhakti kahate haian.[8]
- puranoan adi mean bhi isi prakar ki bhakti ka niroopan kiya gaya hai. vishnu puran mean bhakt ne bhagavan se prarthana ki hai- 'he bhagavan! jis prakar yuvatiyoan ka man yuvakoan mean aur yuvakoan ka man yuvatiyoan mean raman karata hai, usi prakar mera man tumamean raman kare.'[9] *isi tarah ki prarthana tulasidas ne bhi bhagavan ram se ki hai- 'he raghunath ram ! jaise kamiyoan ko kamini priy hoti hai, jaise lobhiyoan ko dhan priy hota hai, vaise hi tum mujhe priy lago.'[10] bhaktoan ne laukik jivan se is prakar ki upamaean bhagavan ke prati prem ki atishay asakti soochit karane ke lie di haian. rasakhan bhi paramaprem ko bhakti manate haian. prem ki atishayata aur ananyata ka pratipadan karane ke lie bhaktoan ne chatak ka adarsh upasthit kiya hai. rasakhan ne bhi is adarsh mean apani astha prakat ki hai-
bimal saral rasakhani mili bhee sakal rasakhani.
soee nav rasakhani kauan, chit chatak rasakhani॥[11]
- sansar ke any log apani apani ruchi ke anusar indr, soory, ganesh adi devataoan ki upasana karate haian. unaki bhakti karake apane abhisht phaloan ki prapti karate haian. parantu rasakhan ki anurakti ekamatr shrikrishna mean hi hai. unaka drishtikon udar hai. unake man mean vibhinn prakar ke devoan aur deviyoan ke bhakti ke vishay mean koee virodhabhav nahian hai. ve doosaroan ki nianda nahian karate. doosare log unhean bhajana chahate haian to bhajean. rasakhan ki drishti mean bhagavan shrikrishna hi bhajaniy haian. ve apane krishna ko chahate haian. unhean trilok ki chianta nahian—
sesh sures dines ganes prajes ghanes mahes manavau.
kooo bhavani bhajau man ki sab as sabai bidhi jaee puravau.
kooo rama bhaji lehu mahadhan kou kahooan manabaandit pavau.
pai rasakhani vahi mero sadhan, aur trilok rahau ki nasavauan.[12]
- bhagavan ke prati param prem ka uday hone par bhakt ki sari karmendriyaan, jnaneandriyaan, man aur pran sab eeshvar nishth ho jate haian. use in sabaki sarthakata keval is bat mean dikhaee deti hai ki ye sab apana upayog keval bhagavan ki mahima ke kirtan, shravan adi mean karean. rasakhan ka mat hai ki rasakhani vahi hai jo rasakhani shrikrishna mean param anurag rakhe-
bain vahi unako gun gai au kan vahi un bain soan sani.
hath vahi un gat sarai aru pai vahi ju vahi anujani.
jan vahi un an ke sang au man vahi ju karai manamani.
tyauan rasakhani vahi rasakhani ju hai rasakhani soan hai rasakhani ॥[13]
- is eeshvar prem ki upalabdhi apane mean itani ooanchi hai ki isaki tulana mean sansar ke sare aishvary tuchchh dikhaee p date haian-
kanchan mandir ooanche banai kai manik laee sada jhalakaiyat.
prat hi te sagari nagari nag motin hi ko tulani tulaiyat.
jadyapi din prajan prajapati ki prabhuta maghava lalachaiyat.
aise bhe to kaha rasakhani jo saanvare gvar so neh n laiyat॥[14]
- sabhi prakar ke prem ki (chahe vah laukik ho ya alaukik) yah visheshata hai ki premi keval apane premapatr se hi prem nahian karata balki us premapatr se sanbandh rakhane vali pratyek vastu use atyant priy lagane lagati hai. rasakhan ki bhi yahi dasha hai. isi svabhavik pravritti ke karan ve krishna ki lakuti aur kamari par tinoan lokoan ka rajy tyagane ko taiyar haian, nand ki gayoan ko charane mean ve athoan siddhiyoan aur navoan nidhiyoan ke sukh ko bhula sakate haian, braj ke vanoan evan upavanoan par sone ke karo doan mahal nichhavar karane ko prastut haian-
va lakuti aru kamariya par raj tihoo pur ko taji darauan.
athahu siddhi navau nidhi ko sukh nand ki gay charay bisarauan.
e rasakhani jabai in nainan taian braj ke ban bag t dag niharauan.
kotik ye kaladhaut ke dham karil ki kuanjan oopar varauan॥[15]
bhakti ki mahima
rasakhan tulasidas ki bhaanti bhaktakavi nahian the. apane isi jnan ke adhar par unhoanne zor dekar kaha ki sabhi vedoan, puranoan, agamoan aur smritiyoan ka nicho d prem (arthat eeshvar-vishayak prem) hi hai—
struti puran agam smritihi, prem sabahi ko sar.
prem bina nahi upaj hiy, prem-bij-aankuvar॥[16]
- moksh ke anek sadhan batalae ge haian jinamean tin mukhy haian-
- karm,
- jnan aur
- upasana.
rasakhan ke anusar bhakti ya prem in sabamean shreshth hai. isaka karan manovaijnanik hai. karm adi mean ahankar bana rah sakata hai ya usaka phir se uday ho sakata hai. parantu bhakti-dasha mean chitt ke drut ho jane par ahankar ke lie koee guanjaish nahian rahati. bhakti ragatmak vritti hai, sankalp-vikalpatmak, man svabhavat: ragatmak hai. vah indriyoan ke madhyam se vishayoan ki or pravritti rahata hai. is prakar jivoan ko vasana ke bandhan mean baandhe rahata hai. eeshvar-vishayak prem ka uday hone par kam, krodh adi apane ap tirohit ho jate haian.
- isi abhipray se rasakhan ne is paramaprem ko kam adi se pare kaha hai—
kam krodh mad moh bhay lobh droh matsary.
in sab hi tean prem hai pare, kahat munivary॥[17]
- bhaktoan ne is bat par jo diya hai ki bhakti-bhav ke abhav mean pustaki vidya vyarth hai. tulasidas ne bhi ise vakyajnan kaha hai aur batalaya hai ki vakyajnan matr se bhav-sagar ko par karana asanbhav hai.[18]
- rasakhan ke poorvavarti kavi kabiradas ne to b de k de shabdoan mean kore shastrajnan ko vyarth batakar eeshvar-prem ki mahima ka bakhan kiya hai—
pothi padhi padhi jag muva, pandit bhaya n koi.
ekai akhar piv ka, padhai su pandit hoi॥[19]
- rasakhan ne bhi manoan kabir ke svar mean svar milakar ghoshana ki hai ki prem ko jane bina shastr padhakar pandit hona ya quran padhakar maulavi hona vyarth hai—
sastran padhi pandit bhe, kai maulavi quran.
ju pai prem janyau nahian, kaha kiyau rasakhan ॥[20]
- unaki manyata hai ki jisane prem ko nahian jana, usane kuchh bhi nahian jana aur jisane prem ko jan liya, usake lie kuchh bhi janane yogy bat shesh nahian rahi—
jehi binu jane kachhuhi nahian janyau jat bisesh.
soi prem jehi jani kai, rahi n jat kachhu sesh॥[21]
- sansar mean jitane bhi sukh haian (chahe ve vishayoan se prapt hoan ya pooja, nishtha aur dhyan se) bhakti ka sukh un sabase badhakar hai—
danpati sukh aru-vishay-ras pooja nishtha dhyan.
in tean pare bakhaniyai, suddh prem rasakhani॥[22]
- du:kh ke nash aur anand ki prapti ke jnan, dhyan adi jitane bhi sadhan batalae ge haian, ve sab prem-bhakti ke bina nishphal haian—
jnan dhyan bidyamati, mat bisvas bibek.
bina prem sab dhoori haian, agajag ek anek॥[23]
- prem-bhakti ki mahima itani b di hai ki use prapt kar lene par bhakt bhagavan ke baikunth-lok aur svayan bhagavan ki bhi kamana nahian karata, vah shuddh premamay ho jata hai—
jehi pae baikunth aru harihoo ki nahian chahi.
soee alaukik suddh subh saras saprem kahahi॥[24]
- samany roop se jiv ke char purusharth batalae ge hai-
- dharm,
- arth,
- kam aur
- moksh.
in charoan mean moksh sabase mahanh hai. parantu prem-bhakti ki tulana mean moksh bhi tuchchh hai. isilie sachcha bhakt moksh prapt karane ki kamana nahian karata. svayan bhagavan bhi bhaktoan ki is visheshata ko janate haian. atev ve unhean mukti n dekar bhakti ka hi varadan dete haian. [[chitr:raskhan-2.jpg|rasakhan ke dohe, mahavan, mathura|thumb|250px]]
- gosvami tulasidas ji ne kaha hai-
suganopasak mochchh n lehian.
tinh kahuan bhed bhagati prabhu dehian॥
- rasakhan ka bhi aisa hi vishvas hai. isaka karan hai jnan-marg ke sahare prapt kie ge moksh pad ke kho jane ki sanbhavana bani rahati hai. lekin, prem-bhakti ki visheshata yah hai ki usaka uday hone par sansar ke jitane bhi bandhan haian ve sab ek bar hi sada ke lie nasht ho jate haian-
yahi tean sab mukti tean, lahi b daee prem.
prem bhe nasi jahian sab, bandhe jagath ke nem॥[25]
- prem-bhakti ki shreshthata ka ek karan aur bhi hai. is sansar mean jitane bhi sadhan aur sadhy haian, ve sab bhagavan ke adhin haian aur bhagavan svayan prem ke vash mean haian.[26]
- unhoanne (gita adi mean) svayan hi ise vishesh gaurav diya hai.
- rasakhan ne bhi kaha hai—
hari ke sab adhin pai hari prem-adhin.
yahi te prabhu apuhian, yahi b dappan din॥[27]
- prem-bhakti ki inhian visheshataoan ke karan rasakhan use param dharm manate haian. use koee bhi shakti parajit nahian kar sakati—
bed mool sab dharm yah kahaian sabai struti sar.
param dharm hai tahu tean, prem ek anivar ॥[28]
prem-bhakti
apani 'premavatika' mean rasakhan ne prem ki jo visheshataean batalaee haian ve laukik prem aur paralaukik prem par saman roop se lagoo hoti haian. jivan-darshan ke karm ko samajhane valoan ne kaha hai ki jiv ki jivan-sadhana ka sabase b da lakshy sansar ke bandhan se moksh hai. karm, jnan adi isi sadhy ke sadhan haian. bhakti ki vilakshanata is bat mean hai ki vah sadhan bhi hai aur sadhy bhi. yahi bat rasakhan ne kahi hai. unaka kahana hai ki prem karan bhi hai aur kary bhi. isaka tatpary yah hua ki prem ya bhakti ke lie kisi doosare sadhan ki avashyakata nahian hai. yah svatantr hai, apane mean poorn hai—
karaj-karan roop yah, prem ahai rasakhan.
karta karm kriya karan, apahi prem bakhan॥[29]
eeshvar-prem anupam, agamy aur asim hai, vah aantim vishram hai.[30] varun aur shankar jaise devoan ki mahima bhi prem ke hi karan hai.[31] putr, klatr, mitr, bandhu adi ke prati athava inake dvara kiya gaya sneh shuddh prem nahian hai—
mitr kalatr subandhu sut, inamean sahaj saneh.
suddh prem inamaian nahian akath katha sabiseh॥[32]
- shuddh prem to keval bhagavan ke prati hi ho sakata hai. isilie bhakt-choo damani gosvami tulasidas ne bhagavan ram ke mukh se kahalavaya hai—
janani janak bandhu sut bara . tanu dhan bhavan suhrid parivara॥
sab kai mamata tag bahori . mam pad manahian baandh bari dori॥
samadarasi ichchha kachhu nahian. harash sok bhay nahian man mahian॥
as sajjan mam ur bas kaisean. lobhi hridayan basai dhanu jaisean॥[33]
- rasakhan ke uparyukt dohe ki bhi vyanjana yahi hai ki bhakt ka yah karttavy hai ki vah apane sabhi laukik sanbandhoan ka arop bhagavan par kar de. jiv ka utkarsh do prakar ka mana gaya hai-
- abhyuday aur
- ni:shreyas.
inhian ko doosare shabdoan mean bhukti aur mukti bhi kaha gaya hai. bhautik bhukti kshanik hai. mukti ka sthayitv bhi bhakt ki drishti mean sandehaspad hai. at: vah in donoan se oopar uthakar keval bhakti ki kamana karata hai.
- rasakhan ke nimnalikhit savaiye mean isi bhav ki abhivyakti ki gee hai—
sanpati sauan sakuchai kuberahi roop sauan dini chinauti anangahian.
bhog kai kai lalachai purandar jog kai gang lee ghari mangahi.
aise bhe to kaha rasakhani rasai rasana jau ju mukti-tarangahi.
dai chit take n rang rachyau ju rahyau rachi radhika rani ke rangahi॥[34]
- bhagavan keval prem se hi prapy haian. ved-shastr ke adhyayan ya any upayoan se unaki prapti durlabh hai. rasakhan ki adholikhit panktiyoan mean isi bhav ki vyanjana huee hai—
brahm mean dhooandhyau puranan ganan bed-richa suni chaugune chayan.
dekhyau sunyau kabahooan n kitooan vah kaise saroop au kaise subhayan.
terat herat hari parayau rasakhani batayo n log lugayan.
dekhau durau vah kuanj-kutir mean baithau palotat radhika-payan॥[35]
- prem aur hari mean koee tatvik bhed nahian hai. prem hari roop hai aur hari prem-roop haian. donoan mean sooraj aur dhoop ki bhaanti bhedabhed hai. isaka tatpary yah hai ki bhakt bhagavan se prem karate-karate eeshvar-roop ho jata hai, usase bhed ka anubhav nahian karata—
prem hari kau roop hai, tyauan hari prem-saroop.
ek hoy dvai yauan lasai, jyoan sooraj au' dhoop॥[36]
- bhagavan ki bhaanti hi prem bhi anirvachaniy hai—
jag mean sab janyau parai aru sab kahai kahai.
pai jagadis ru prem yah dooo akath lakhai॥[37]
- premiyoan ya bhaktoan ke lie yah prem-bhakti atyant saral aur kamal ki bhaanti komal hai, parantu any logoan ke lie tedhi aur khadg ki dhar ki bhaanti kathin hai-
kamal tantu soan hin aru kathin khadg ki dhar.
ati soodhau tedhau bahuri, prem path anivar॥[38]
bhakti ke prakar
bhagavan ki mahima ke shravan, kirtan adi se utpann prem ke do prakar haian- shuddh aur ashuddh. ashuddh prem ya bhakti vah hai jisaka karan svarth (kamana) ho. shuddh prem svabhavik prem hai. vah ni:svarth hota hai. bhakt ke man mean kisi prakar ki koee kamana nahian hoti. vah keval bhakti ke lie bhakti karata hai. aisa prem sadaiv ek ras aur rasamay rahata hai—
stravan kiratan darasanahian jo upajat soi prem.
suddhasuddh bibhed tean, dvaibidh take nem ॥[39]
svarathamool asuddh tyauan suddh svabhav nukool.
naradadi prastar kari, kiyau jahi ko tool॥[40]
rasamay svabhavik, bina svarath achal mahanan
sada ekaras suddh soi, prem ahai rasakhan ॥[41]
bin gun joban roop ghan, bin svarath hit hani.
suddh kamana tean rahit, prem sakal rasakhani॥[42]
ik aangi binu karanahi, ikaras sada saman.
ganai priyahi sarvasv jo, soee prem praman ॥[43]
gyarah asaktiyaan
narad ne apane bhaktisootr mean param prem ki gyarah asaktiyaan batalaee haian. ve is prakar haian-
- gunamahatmyasakti,
- roopasakti,
- poojasakti,
- smaranasakti,
- dasyasakti,
- sakhyasakti,
- kaantasakti,
- vatsalyasakti,
- atmanivedanasakti,
- tanmayatasakti, aur
- paramavirahasakti.[44]
- jahaan par bhakt bhagavan ke gunoan aur mahima ko vishesh roop se drishti mean rakhakar unake prati paramanurakti ka nivedan karata hai, vahaan par gunamahatmyasakti hoti hai. udaharanarth—
gavean guni ganika gandharabb au sarad sesh sabai gun gavat.
nam anant ganant ganes jyauan brahma trilochan par n pavat.
jogi jati tapasi aru siddh nirantar jahi samadhi lagavat.
tahi ahir ki chhohariya chhachhiya bhari chhachh pai nach nachavat॥[45]
- jahaan asakt bhakt ki drishti bhagavan ke ramaniy roop par vishesh roop se keandrit rahati hai: vahaan roopasakti hoti hai. nimnaankit pady mean rasakhan ki isi bhavana ka chitran hua hai—
guanj garean sar morapakha aru chal gayand ki mo man bhavai.
saanvaro nandakumar sabai brajamandali mean brajaraj kahavai.
saj samaj sabai sirataj au chhaj ki bat nahian kahi avai.
tahi ahir ki chhohariya chhachhiya bhari chhachh pai nach nachavai.[46]
- smaranasakti ki kianchit abhivyakti nimnaankit panktiyoan mean dekhi ja sakati haian—
- sankar se sur jahi japaian chaturanan dharm badhavaian.[47]
- jogi jati tapasi aru siddh nirantar jahi samadhi lagavat.[48]
- prem ke kavi hone ke karan rasakhan ne dasyabhakti aur sakhyabhakti ko gaurav nahian diya hai. adholikhit pankti mean dasy ki jhalak matr drishtigochar hoti hai—
mo kar niki karaian karani ju pai kuanj-kutiran dehu buharan.[49]
- rasakhan ke krishna aur gopiyoan ke premavarnan mean gopiyoan ki kaantasakti ki abhivyanjana milati hai. gopiyoan ke viyog-varnan mean unaki paramavirahasakti bhi abhivyakt huee hai. lekin un padyoan ko bhaktikavy ki apeksha shrriangar-kavy manana hi samichin hai. bhakti ke vidhi-vidhan mean astha n rakhane ke karan pooja-archana se bilakul door the. atev unake kavy mean poojasakti ka sarvatha abhav hai.
- balak-roop bhagavan ki bhakti ramabhakti-shakha aur krishna-bhakti-shakha donoan hi kavy-dharaoan mean pratishthit huee hai. *vallabhachary ke prabhav se krishna-bhakti shakha mean isaka vishesh adar hua.
- rasakhan ne bhi krishna ki bal lila ka chitran kiya hai.[50] bhagavan ke prati atmanivedan, sharanagati ya prapatti ko bhaktoan ne bhakti ka avashyak tattv mana hai. nimnaankit savaiye mean rasakhan ne bhagavan ki mahima ka smaran karate hue apane man ko nishchiant ho jane ka ashvasan diya hai.
draupadi aur ganika gaj gidh ajamil soan kiyo so n niharo.
gautam-gehini kaisi tari, prahalad kauan kaise harayau du:kh bharo.
kahe kauan soch karai rasakhani kaha karihai rabinand bicharo.
takhan jakhan rakhiyai makhan-chakhan haro so rakhanaharau.[51]
- krishna mean gopiyoan ki tanmayata to prasiddh hi hai. yah visheshata rasakhan ki gopiyoan mean bhi paee jati hai. anyatr bhi kavi ne kaha hai—
aise hi bhe tau nar kaha rasakhani jo pai
chitt dai n kini priti pit patavare soan.[52]
panchadha bhakti
roop gosvami ne 'haribhaktirasamrit siandhu' mean bhaktiras ke do bhed batalae haian—
- mukhy bhaktiras aur
- gaun bhaktiras.[53]
is vibhajan ka adhar ratibhav ki mukhyata ya gaunata hai. mukhy bhaktiras ke paanch prakar haian-
- shaant-shaant bhaktiras ka sthayi bhav shami (tatvajnani) bhaktoan ki shaantirati hai.[54]
- prit-prit bhaktiras ka sthayi bhav sanbhram priti ya gauravapriti hai.[55] isi ko samanyat: dasy bhakti kaha jata hai.
- preyan- preyan bhaktiras ka sthayi bhav sakhy hai.[56]
- vatsal-vatsal bhaktiras ka sthayi bhav vatsaly hai.[57]
- madhur[58]- madhur bhaktiras ka sthayi bhav madhura rati hai.[59]
is prakar ras-drishti se bhakti ke paanch bhed hue-
- shaant,
- dasy,
- sakhy,
- vatsaly aur
- madhur.
rasakhan ke kavy mean shaanti rati ki vyanjana nahian huee hai. isaka karan yah hai ki rasakhan svayan premamargi the, jnanamargi nahian. unhoanne apane laukik prem ko bhagavan ki or unmukh kar diya tha. ve shastrajn jnani nahian the. aur apani kavita unhoanne sanbhavat: jnaniyoan ke lie likhi bhi nahian thi. premi kavi ki prem-pradhan rachana mean tatvajnan-pradhan bhakti ka niroopan sanbhav nahian tha. dasy aur sakhy ke prati bhi unhoanne koee ruchi nahian dikhalaee. dasy mean premi bhakt aur premapatr bhagavan ke bich doori bani rahati hai. sakhy mean bhi utani tanmayata nahian a pati jitani ki madhury mean ho sakati hai. vatsaly-bhakti ka varnan bhi rasakhan ne adhik nahian kiya hai. nimnalikhit padyoan mean balaroop krishna ke prati rasakhan ke vatsalyapoorn bhaktibhav ki hridayaharini abhivyakti huee hai—
aju gee huti bhor hi hauan rasakhani ree vahi nand ke bhaunahian.
vako jiyo jug lakh karor jasomati ko sukh jat kahyau nahian.
tel lagai lagai kai aanjan bhauanhean banai banai dithaunahian.
dali hamelani har niharat varat jyauan chuchakarat chhaunahian॥
dhoori bhare ati sobhit syamajoo taisi bani sir suandar choti.
khelat khat phirai aangana pag paijani bajati piri kachhauti.
va chhavi koan rasakhani bilokat varat kam kalanij koti.
kag ke bhag b de sajani hari-hath sauan lai gayo makhan roti॥[60]
aantim pankti mean 'hari' shabd ke prayog se krishna ka eeshvaratv aur kavi ki bhakti-bhavana dhvanit hoti hai. rasakhan madhury ke kavi haian. ve yuvavastha mean bhi premi the aur vishay-virakt hone par bhi premi hi rahe. aantar keval itana hi hua ki prem ka alanban badal gaya. samany l dake aur ramani ke prati bahane vali prem-dhara bhagavanh ke prati avichhinn roop se pravahit hone lagi. unaki is prem-pravritti ka prabhav yah hua ki unhoanne shrikrishna ki madhur lilaoan ka hi varnan adhik kiya. gocharan, chiraharan, kuanjalila, rasalila, panaghatalila, danalila, banalila, gorasalila adi ke prasangoan mean gopi-krishna ki vividh shrriangarik lilaoan ka hriday-sparshi chitran kiya gaya hai.
prastut prasang mean ek prashn vicharaniy hai- kya jin padyoan mean rasakhan ne krishna aur gopiyoan ki madhur prem-lilaoan ka niroopan kiya hai unamean bhaktiras hai? yah thik hai ki krishna ko svayan bhagavanh ya bhagavanh ka avatar mana gaya hai. yah bhi sahi hai ki bhaktoan ne gopiyoan ko jivoan ka pratik mana hai. parantu uparyukt prashn ke uttar mean itana kahana hi paryapt nahian hai. anyatr chahe jo kuchh bhi mana gaya ho, ras ke vishay mean use praman nahian mana ja sakata. kavita-vishesh mean patroan ka jo chitran hua hai, vahi praman hai. ras-nirnay ki kasauti bhavak hai. prashn yah hai ki rasakhan dvara kie ge in lila varnanoan ko padhakar bhavuk ke man mean vasana-roop se vidyaman kaun-sa sthayi bhav vikasit hokar use rasanubhooti karata hai. in kavitaoan ke samany pathak ka anubhav yah hai ki vah sthayi bhav kamarati hai. bhaktoan ki bat bhinn hai. ve to ram, krishna adi ki kisi bhi lila ka varnan padhakar ya sunakar bhakti-bhav se gadagad ho jate haian. nishkarsh yah hai ki jahaan abhidha ya vyanjana ke dvara krishna ke eeshvaratv ka sanket nahian hai, vahaan bhakti ka astitv manana anuchit hai. rasakhan ke bhramaragit se uddhrit nimnaankit pady par vichar kijie-
jog sikhavat avat hai vah, kaun kahavat, ko hai, kahaan ko.
janati haian bar nagar hai par nekahu bhed lahyo nahian hyaan ko.
janati na ham aur kachhoo mukh dekhi jiyaian nit nand lala ko.
jat nahian rasakhani hamean taji, rakhanaharo hai morapakha ko॥[61]
in panktiyoan mean gopiyoan ki krishna-vishayak virahasakti ki vyanjana hai. yahaan par gopiyoan ka chitran samany viyogini nayikaoan ke roop mean aur nandalal ka chitran samany nayak ke roop mean hi kiya gaya hai. bhakt aur bhagavan ke svaroop ka koee sanket nahian hai. atev yahaan par vipralanbh shrriangar hai. 'premalakshana bhakti ko madhury bhakti aur shrriangar ras ko ujjval ras ki sanjna dekar chaitany sanpraday ke vidvanh pandit shri roop gosvami ne apane bhakti-granthoan[62] mean shrriangar aur prem ke laukik vishay-vasanamay roop ka unnayan kiya tha. shrriangar aur prem ke saansarik chitroan ke madhyam se unhoanne haribhakti ka ujjval evan divy roop kh da karake shrriangar ki bhog-vritti ka bhali-bhaanti parimarjan bhi kiya. bhakti ke kshetr mean jis shrriangar ko chaitany-sanpraday ke acharyoan ne avatarit kiya tha usaka krishna bhaktiparak paravarti sabhi vaishnav sanpradayoan par gahara prabhav p da aur unamean shrriangaramayi shaili se rasopasana pravartit ho gee. rasikacharyoan ne prem aur shrriangar ka varnan karake jo shaili grahan ki usamean prem ke pratipadan mean kam, manoj, bhar, manasij, manmath adi shabdoan ka prachur pariman mean prayog hua. sath hi bhav vastu ke lie bhi sthool kam-cheshtaoan ka saangopaang varnan kiya gaya. us varnan ke pichhe bhaktoan ki chahe jaisi pavan bhavana rahi ho kiantu samany pathak ko usamean kam-vasana ki gandh ana svabhavik hai.[63]' rasakhan kisi rasopasak sanpraday mean dikshit nahian hue the. phir bhi apani svabhavik aur svachchhand pravritti ke anusar unhoanne uparyukt ujjval ras (jise rasik bhakt madhury-bhakti kahate haian) ki vishad nibandhana ki he. is vishay mean unaka siddhaant bhi spasht hai. poorvokt paanch prakar ke bhaktirasoan mean se vatsal, preyanh aur madhur ka unhoanne adar ke sath smaran kiya hai. vatsaly aur sakhy bhavoan ki tulana mean madhury-bhav ko unhoanne sarvopari mana hai—
jadapi jasoda nand aru gval bal sab dhany.
pai ya jag maian prem kauan gopi bhee anany॥[64]
- tanmayata ki parakashtha madhury-bhav mean hi sanbhav hai. isi ratibhav se krishna ke sath milakar ek ho jane mean vastavik anand hai, jivan phal ki prapti hai—
mohani mohan soan rasakhani achanak bheant bhee ban mahian.
jeth ki gham bhee sukhadham anand hi aang hi aang samahian.
jivan ko phal payau bhatoo rasabatan keli soan torat nahian.
kanh ko hath kandha par hai mukh oopar mor kirit ki chhahian॥[65]
- nimnalikhit savaiye mean bhakti-bhavana ka spasht sanket hai—
mor ke chandan maur banyau din doolah hai ali nand ko nandan.
shri brishabhanusuta dulahi din jori bani bidhana sukhakandan.
avai kahyau n kachhoo rasakhani ri dooo phande chhabi prem ke phandan.
jahi bilokean sabai sukh pavat ve braj jivan haian du:kh dandan॥[66]
navadhabhakti
bhagavat puran mean varnit navadha bhakti ka bhakt samaj mean b da adar hai aur bhakt kaviyoan ne usaka bahudha ullekh kiya hai. ye nau vidhaean haian- shravan, kirtan, smaran, padasevan, archan, vandan, dasy, sakhy aur atmanivedan.[67]
- pratham tin vidhaoan mean bhagavan ke nam aur gun ki pradhanata hai.
- chauthi, paanchavian aur chhathi mean unake roop ka vaishishty hai.
- aantim tin vidhaoan mean bhakt ke bhav par bal diya gaya hai. rasakhan ne in vidhaoan ka kahian bhi vyavasthit niroopan nahian kiya. ve maryadamargi bhakt nahian the. at: unaki rachanaoan mean in sabhi vidhaoan ke anveshan ka prayas nishphal hoga. unaki kavita mean kuchh vidhaoan ki hi saanketik abhivyakti huee hai. shravan, kirtan aur smaran sabhi bhaktoan ko many haian aur rasakhan ne bhi unaka ullekh kiya hai—
stravan kiratan darasanahian jo upajat soi prem.[68]
bain vahi unako gun gai au kan vahi un bain soan sani.
jan vahi un an ke sang au man vahi ju karai manamani.[69]
sankar se sur jahi japaian chaturanan dhyanan dharm badhavaian.
neku hiyean jihi anat hi j d moodh maha rasakhani kahavaian.[70]
- 'padasevan' ka tatpary hai- bhagavan ki paricharya, moorti ka darshan, mandir gaman, tirthayatra adi. unhoanne tirthayatra ka upahas kiya hai-
tirath hazar are boojhat labar ko.[71]
- mandir mean jha doo lagana adi bhi padasevan hi hai. kuanj-kutiroan ko buharane ki kamana mean isi vidha ka abhas milata hai.
mo kar niki karaian karani ju pai kuanj-kutiran dehu buharan.[72] rasakhan ki archan, vandan, dasy aur sakhy bhaktiyoan mean pravritti nahian hue aur 'atmanivedan' to bhagavan ke prati atmasamarpan, sharanagati ya prapatti hai. bhakt bhagavan ko sarvashaktiman aur kripalu manata hai. vah poori astha ke sath apane ko bhagavan ki sharan mean samarpit kar deta hai. usaka dridh vishvas hai ki bhagavan ke sanrakshan mean rahane par usaka koir kuchh biga d nahian sakata aur bhagavan usake samast du:khoan ka avashy hi aant kar deange-
kaha karai rasakhani ko kooo chugul labar.
jo pai rakhanahar hai makhan chakhan har॥[73]
des bides ke dekhe naresan rijh ki kooo n boojh karaigau.
tatean tinhaian taji jani girayauan gun, saugun augun gaanthi paraigau.
baansurivaro b do rijhavar hai syam ju naisuk dhar dharaigau.
la dalo chhail vahi tau ahir ko pir hamare hiye ki haraigau॥[74]
mukti aur bhakti ke sadhan
- vicharak acharyoan ne bhavasagar ko par karane ke anek sadhan batalae haian- karm, vairagy, yog, jnan, upasana, bhakti, prapatti adi. rasakhan ke nimnalikhit dohe se nishkarsh nikalata hai ki unake anusar bhav-santaran ke char upay haian- karm, jnan, upasana aur premalakshana bhakti—
jnan karm ru upasana, sab ahamiti ko mool.
dridh nischay nahian hot bin kie prem anukool॥[75]
[[chitr:raskhan-3.jpg|rasakhan ki samadhi, mahavan, mathura|thumb|250px]]
- vairagy, jap, tap, sanyam, pranayam, tirthayatra adi inhian char sadhanoan ke hi sadhan haian. rasakhan ka kahana hai ki bhakti ko chho dakar any sabhi sadhan amogh nahian haian. sansar ko par karane ka ek matr amogh sadhan bhagavan shrikrishna ke prati param prem hi hai—
kaha rasakhani sukhasanpati sumar kaha,
kaha tan jogi hvai lagae aang chhar ko.
kaha sadhe panchanal, kaha soe bich nal,
kaha jiti lae raj siandhu-arapar ko.
jap bar-bar tap sanjam bayar-brat,
tirath hazar are boojhat labar ko.
kinhau nahian pyar, nahian seyau darabar, chit
chahyau n niharayau jo pai nand ke kumar ko॥[76]
- bhakti sadhan aur sadhy donoan hi hai. usake lie any sadhan anivary nahian haian. ve keval sahayak ho sakate haian. bhakti ki shravan adi nau vidhaean vastuean vastut: sadhan bhakti ke nau varg haian. rasakhan ne shravan adi katipay vidhaoan ko premalakshana bhakti ka sadhan mana hai. unaki charcha pahale ki ja chuki hai. unake atirikt, bhakti ke sahayak tattvoan ke roop mean unhoanne kuchh any sadhanoan ka bhi ullekh kiya hai. nimnoddhrit savaiye mean unhoanne is bat ka spasht sanket kiya hai ki man aur vani ke sanyam, sachchaee ke sath kie ge vrat-niyam palan, sabake prati sadbhav, satvik, satsang aur anany bhav se bhagavan aur unaki bhakti prapt ho sakati hai—
suniyai sabaki kahiyai n kachhu rahiyai imi ya man-bagar maian.
kariyai brat-nem sachaee liyean, jin tean tariyai man-sagar maian.
miliyai sab sauan durabhav bina, rahiyai satasang ujagar maian.
rasakhani gubiandahian yauan bhajiyai jimi nagari ko chit gagar maian॥[77]
mukhy pratipady: bhagavan krishna aur unaki lila
bhagavan ki tin pramukh vibhootiyaan mani geean haian- shakti, shil aur saundary. jis prakar tulasidas ne ram ke shil aur shakti ka vistrit niroopan kiya hai vaisa kisi bhi krishna bhakt kavi ne krishna ki in vibhootiyoan ka nahian kiya. unhoanne krishna ki sauandary-vibhootiyoan ke vividh roopoan ko hi apane varnan ka mukhy vishay banaya. rasakhan ka man bhi sauandary ki hi paridhi mean ghoomata raha. unhoanne kuchh gine-chune sthaloan par hi krishna ki shakti aur shil ka chitran kiya hai. kaliy daman aur kuvalaya vadh ke prasang isi prakar ke sthal haian. kaliyadaman ke prasang mean rasakhan ne vyajastuti ke sahare krishna ke shakti-sanpann roop ka b da manohar chitr aankit kiya hai—
log kahaian braj ke rasakhani anandit nand jasomati joo par.
chhohara aju nayo janamyau tum so kooo bhag bharayau nahian bhoo par.
vari ke dam sanvar karau apane apachal kuchal laloo par.
nachat ravaro lala gupal so kal sau byal-kapal ke oopar॥[78]
- kuvalaya-vadh ka virasapoorn varnan bhi ojasvi shabdoan mean kiya gaya hai-
kans ke krodh ki phaili rahi sigare brajamandan maanjh phukar si.
ai ge kachhani kachhikai tabahian nat-nagar nandakumar si.
dvarad ko rad khaianchi liyauan rasakhani hiye mahi lai bichar si.
lini kuthaur lagi lakhi tori kalank tamal tean kirati-dar si॥[79]
- krishna ke shil ki vyanjana rasakhan ne unake gun-kathan ke sandarbhoan mean ki hai—
(k)gotam gehini kaisi teri, prahalad ko kaisaian harayau du:kh bharo.[80]
(kh)baansurivaro b doan rijhavar hai syam ju naisuk dhar dharaigo.
(g)l dalo chhaiv vahi to ahir ko pir hamare hiye ki haraigo॥[81]
bhagavan ke nam, roop, gun, lila aur dham ka varnan sabhi sagun bhaktoan ka priy vishay raha hai. rasakhan ne inaki charcha bahut kam ki hai premamargi ruchi ke karan unaka man krishna ke roop aur lila ke chitran mean adhik rama hai. darshanik drishti se unhoanne krishna ke svaroop ka vishad niroopan nahian kiya. keval kuchh padyoan mean usaka abhas diya hai. vedaanti log jise brahm kahate haian, jo brahma ka sevy hai, sadashiv jisaka dhyan kiya karate haian, vahi krishna haian. jo vaishnavoan ka vishnu hai, jo yogiyoan ki sadhana ka sadhy hai, vahi brajachand krishna haian. brahma, vishnu aur krishna mean svaroopat: koee bhed nahian haian, keval nam ki upadhi bhinn hai. yashoda adi bhaktajanoan ko apani lila ka anand dene ke lie hi bhagavan krishna avatar dharan karate haian—
veee brahm brahma jahi sevat haian rain-din,
sadasiv sada hi dharat dhyan gadhe haian.
veee vishnu jake kaj mani moodh raja rank,
jogi jati hvai ke sit sahyau aang dadhe haian.
koee brajachand rasakhani pran pranan ke,
jake abhilash lakh lakh bhaanti badhe haian.
jasudha ke age basudha ke man-mochan ye,
tamaras lochan kharochan kauan thadhe haian॥[82]
bhagavan ke nam aur gun asankhy haian. ve anadi, anant, akhand aur achhedy haian. ve bhakt-prem ke vashibhoot haian. unaki bhaktavatsalata ka sabase b da praman yah hai ki ve itane mahimashali aur shaktiman hokar bhi ahiroan ki chhokariyoan ko prasann karane ke lie chhachhiya bhar chhachh par nach nachane ko prastut karate haian—
nam anant ganant jyauan brahma trilochan par n pavat.
sesh ganes mahes dines suresahu jahi nirantar gavai.
jahi anadi anant akhad achhed abhed subed batavaian.
narad se suk byas rahaian pachi hare too puni par n pavaian.
tahi ahir ki chhohariyaan chhachhiya bhari chhachh pai nach nachavaian॥[83]
- sauandary-premi aur lila-gayak rasakhan ko bhagavan ke nam-jap mean koee vishesh akarshan nahian pratit hua. isalie unhoanne ekadh sthaloan par nam-kirtan ka ullekh kiya hai yatha-
jo rasana ras na bilasai tehi dehu sada nij nam ucharan.[84]
bhagavan krishna ke gunoan ka gan bhi rasakhan ne baranbar kiya hai-
ben vahi unako gun gai au kan vahi un baiann soan sani.[85]
gavaian guni ganika gandharabba au sarad sesh sabai gun gavat.[86]
draupadi au ganika gaj gidh ajamil soan kiyau so n niharo.[87]
rasakhan ka man mukhy roop se shrikrishna ki madhur lilaoan ke gan mean hi rama haian. krishna bhakt kaviyoan ke dvara samanyat: varnit lilaoan ka unhoanne bhi varnan kiya hai. in lilaoan mean balalila[88], gocharan[89], chiraharan[90], kuanjalila[91], rasalila[92], panaghatalila[93], danalila[94], vanalal[95], gorasalila[96], premalila[97], suratalila[98], holi[99] adi pramukh haian. rasakhani ke dvara kie ge krishnalila varnan ke ekadh pady hi aise haian jinhean padhakar samany pathak ko bhaktiras ki anubhooti hoti hai. yah thik hai parantu bhaktajanoan ka anubhav isase bhinn hai. unake lie shrikrishna sadaiv bhagavan hi haian- ve chahe jis vesh mean samane aean, chahe jo lila karean. jis prakar premi ko apana prem patr pratyek dasha mean priy hota hai- vah chahe jo bhi vesh-bhoosha dharan kare, usi prakar bhakto ko bhagavan bhagavan ke hi roop mean, hi aradhy roop mean dikhaee deta hai- vah chahe jo bhi roop dharan kare. usaki pratyek lila bhakt ko apane ishtadev ki hi lila dikhaee deti hai. rasakhan ne krishna ki lila ka gan isi bhakt-drishti se kiya hai. krishna ki makhanachori, panaghatalila, rasalila, suratalila, adi ka varnan karate samay rasakhan ke hriday mean yah bat kabhi tirohit nahian huee ki ve apane aradhy bhagavan krishna ki lila ka varnan kar rahe haian.
rasakhan ne krishna ke dham ka bhi varnan kiya hai. is prasang mean yah bat dhyan dene yogy hai ki unhoanne pauranik bhaktoan ki bhaanti baikunth ya kshirasagar ka koee varnan nahian kiya. unhoanne krishna ki avatar-lila ke dham braj ka hi varnan kiya hai.[100]
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ hindi sahity ka itihas, pri0 86
- ↑ hindi sahity ka itihas, pri0 86
- ↑ prem vatika, 21
- ↑ rasakhani granthavali, prastavana, pri0 21-22
- ↑ rasakhani' granthavali prastavana pri0 22
- ↑ sa para nuraktirishvare.– shaandily bhaktisootr, 1 . 1 . 2
- ↑ satvasminnaparamapremaroopa. - narad-bhaktisootr, 2
- ↑ drutasy bhagavaddharmadh dharavahikataangata
- ↑ tulasi darshan mimaansa, ashtam adhyay
- ↑ kamihi nari piari jimi lobhihi priy jimi dam. timi raghunath nirantar priy lagahu mohi ram॥ -ramacharitamanas, 7. 130
- ↑ sujan rasakhan, 213
- ↑ sujan rasakhan, 5
- ↑ sujan rasakhan, 4
- ↑ sujan rasakhan, 6
- ↑ sujan rasakhan, 3
- ↑ premavatika 10
- ↑ prem vatika, 14
- ↑ vinayapatrika, 123.2
- ↑ kabir, pri0 35
- ↑ prem vatika, 13
- ↑ prem vatika,18
- ↑ prem vatika, 19
- ↑ prem vatika, 25
- ↑ prem vatika, 28
- ↑ prem vatika, 35
- ↑ tulasidas ne bhi kaha hai-bhavavasy bhagavan sukhanidhan karuna bhavan.-dohavali,135,ramacharitamanas,7.92
- ↑ prem vatika, 36
- ↑ prem vatika, 37
- ↑ prem vatika, 47
- ↑ prem agam anupam amit, sagar saris bakhan. jo avat yahi dhig bahuri jat nahian rasakhan॥-prem vatika,3
- ↑ prem-baruni chhani kai barun bhe jal dhis. premahi tean vishapani kari, pooje jat giris. -prem vatika, 4
- ↑ prem vatika, 20
- ↑ ramacharitamanas, 5/48/2-4
- ↑ sujan rasakhan, 16
- ↑ sujan rasakhan, 17
- ↑ prem vatika, 24
- ↑ prem vatika, 17
- ↑ prem vatika, 6
- ↑ premavatika, 40
- ↑ premavatika, 41
- ↑ premavatika, 42
- ↑ premavatika, 15
- ↑ premavatika, 21
- ↑ narad-bhaktisootr, 82
- ↑ sujan rasakhan, 12
- ↑ sujan rasakhan, 15
- ↑ sujan rasakhan, 14
- ↑ sujan rasakhan, 12
- ↑ sujan rasakhan, 2
- ↑ sujan rasakhan, 20,21 adi
- ↑ sujan rasakhan, 18
- ↑ sujan rasakhan, 11
- ↑ haribhaktirasamritasiandhu, dakshin vibhag, 5 . 94-95
- ↑ haribhaktirasamritasiandhu, pashchim vibhag, 1 . 4
- ↑ haribhaktirasamritasiandhu, pashchim vibhag, 1 . 3-4
- ↑ haribhaktirasamritasiandhu, pashchim vibhag, 1 . 1
- ↑ haribhaktirasamritasiandhu, pashchim vibhag, 1 . 1
- ↑ haribhaktirasamritasiandhu, dakshin vibhag, 5 . 96
- ↑ haribhaktirasamritasiandhu, pashchim vibhag, 1 . 1
- ↑ sujan rasakhan, 20-21
- ↑ sujan rasakhan, 203
- ↑ ye granth haian- haribhaktirasamritasiandhu aur ujjval nilamani
- ↑ radhavallabh sampraday: siddhaant aur sahity, pri0 161
- ↑ prem vatika, 38
- ↑ sujan rasakhan, 185
- ↑ sujan rasakhan, 190
- ↑ shravanan kirtananvishno: smaranan padasevanamh. arjanan bandanan dasyan sakhyamatmanivedanamh॥ -bhagavatapuran, 7. 5. 23
- ↑ prem vatika, 40
- ↑ sujan rasakhan, 4
- ↑ sujan rasakhan, 14
- ↑ sujan rasakhan, 9
- ↑ sujan rasakhan, 2
- ↑ sujan rasakhan, 19
- ↑ sujan rasakhan, 7
- ↑ premavatika, 12
- ↑ sujan rasakhan, 9
- ↑ sujan rasakhan, 8
- ↑ sujan rasakhan, 201
- ↑ sujan rasakhan, 202
- ↑ sujan rasakhan, 18
- ↑ sujan rasakhan, 7
- ↑ sujan rasakhan, 10
- ↑ sujan rasakhan, 12-13
- ↑ sujan rasakhan, 2
- ↑ sujan rasakhan, 4
- ↑ sujan rasakhan, 12
- ↑ sujan rasakhan, 18
- ↑ sujan rasakhan,20-21
- ↑ sujan rasakhan, 22-26
- ↑ sujan rasakhan, 27
- ↑ sujan rasakhan, 28-31
- ↑ sujan rasakhan, 32-35
- ↑ sujan rasakhan, 36-37
- ↑ sujan rasakhan, 38-39
- ↑ sujan rasakhan, 40
- ↑ sujan rasakhan, 41
- ↑ sujan rasakhan, 101
- ↑ sujan rasakhan, 120
- ↑ sujan rasakhan, 191-93
- ↑ sujan rasakhan, 1, 3
sanbandhit lekh