राजस्थानी भाषा

rajasthani bhasha bharatiy-ary bhashaoan tatha boliyoan ka samooh hai, jo bharat ke rajasthan rajy mean boli jati haian. yah bhasha hindi ki ek pramukh upabhasha hai. rajasthani bhasha apani shabdavali ka lagabhag 80% hindi se grahan karati hai, jabaki 20% shabd sthaniy hote haian. isake char pramukh varg haian: poorvottar mevati, dakshini malavi, pashchim marava di, aur poorvi-madhy jayapuri, inamean se marava di bhaugolik drishti se sabase vyapak hai. rajasthan poorv ke hindi kshetroan tatha dakshin-pashchim mean gujarati kshetroan ke bich sthit sankraman kshetr hai. rajasthani bhashaoan ko bharat ke sanvidhan mean sarakari bhasha ke roop mean manyata prapt nahian hai. isake sthan par hindi ka upayog sarakari bhasha ke roop mean hota hai.

rajasthan ki pramukh boliyaan

bharat ke any rajyoan ki tarah rajasthan mean kee boliyaan boli jati haian. vaise to samagr rajasthan mean hindi boli ka prachalan hai lekin lok-bhashaean jan samany par zyada prabhav dalati haian. jarj abraham griyarsan ne rajasthani boliyoan ke parasparik sanyog evan sambandhoan ke vishay mean vargikaran kiya hai. griyarsan ka vargikaran is prakar hai :-

pashchimi rajasthan mean boli jane vali boliyaan - marava di, meva di, dharaki, bikaneri, baang di, shekhavati, khera di, mo davadi, dev davati adi.
uttar-poorvi rajasthani boliyaan - ahiravati aur mevati.
madhy-poorvi rajasthani boliyaan - dhooandha di, toravati, jaipuri, kate da, rajavati, ajameri, kishanagadh, nagar chol, h dauti.
dakshin-poorvi rajasthan - raang di aur soandhava di
dakshin rajasthani boliyaan - nima di adi.

boliyaan jahaan boli jati haian

marava di

REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy

rajasthan ke pashchimi bhag mean mukhy roop se marava di boli sarvadhik prayog ki jati hai. yah jodhapur, jaisalamer, bikaner aur shekhavati mean boli jati hai. yah shuddh roop se jodhapur kshetr ki boli hai. ba damer, pali, nagaur aur jalaur ziloan mean is boli ka vyapak prabhav hai. marava di boli ki kee up-boliyaan bhi haian jinamean thataki, thali, bikaneri, baang di, shekhavati, meva di, khaira di, sirohi, gau davadi, nagauri, dev davati adi pramukh haian. sahityik marava di ko diangal kahate haian. diangal sahityik drishti se sampann boli hai.

meva di

REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy

yah boli dakshini rajasthan ke udayapur, bhilava da aur chittau dagadh ziloan mean mukhy roop se boli jati hai. is boli mean marava di ke anek shabdoan ka prayog hota hai. keval e aur au ki dhvani ke shabd adhik prayukt hote haian.

baang di

REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy

yah boli dooangarapur v baansava da tatha dakshini-pashchimi udayapur ke paha di kshetroan mean boli jati haian. gujarat ki sima ke samip ke kshetroan mean gujarati-baang di boli ka adhik prachalan hai.

dh dauti

is boli ka prayog jhalava d, kota, booandi ziloan tatha udayapur ke poorvi bhag mean adhik hota hai.

mevati

REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy

yah boli rajasthan ke poorvi ziloan mukhyatah alavar, bharatapur, dhaulapur aur savaee madhopur ki karauli tahasil ke poorvi bhagoan mean boli jati hai.

brij

uttar pradesh ki sima se lage bharatapur, dhaulapur, dilli aur alavar ziloan mean yah boli adhik prachalit hai.

malavi

jhalava d, kota aur pratapagadh ziloan mean malavi boli ka prachalan hai. yah bhag madhy pradesh ke malava kshetr ke samip hai.

raang di

rajapootoan mean prachalit marava di aur malavi ke sammishran se bani yah boli rajasthan ke dakshin-poorvi bhag mean boli jati hai.

dhooandhati

rajasthan ke madhy-poorv bhag mean mukhy roop se jayapur, kishanagadh, ajamer, tauank ke samipavarti kshetroan mean dhooandha di bhasha boli jati hai. isaka pramukh up-boliyoan mean ha dauti, kishanagadhi, toravati, rajavati, ajameri, chaurasi, nagar, chaul adi pramukh haian. is boli mean vartaman kal mean 'chhi', 'dvau', 'hai' adi shabdoan ka prayog adhik hota hai.

vachan ka prayog

•ek vachan ke sanjnavachi shabd jo hindi mean akaraant hote haian, rajasthani bhasha mean ye shabd okaraant ho jate haian. jaise, kutta (hindi) - kutto (rajasthani), pomacha (hindi) - pomacho (rajasthani), •rajasthani bhasha mean ek vachan ke jo shabd okaraant hote haian ve bahuvachan mean akaraant ho jate haian. jaise-

gh do—gh da, udaharan— the sagळa gh da bharalyo.
piळo—piळa, pomacho—pomacha, udaharan— the kata piळa pomacha kharid'r lyaya ho.
boळo—boळa, udaharan— mhe boळa sara kak diya lyaya haan.

rajasthani bhasha mean ek vachan ke jo shabd eekaraant hote haian unamean bahuvachan ke lie 'iyaan' laga dete haian.

l daki—l dakyaan, udaharan— tharai kati l dakyaan haian.
k di—k dyaan, udaharan— itihas ki sagळi k dyaan jo do.
gho di—gho dyaan, udaharan— sagळi gho dyaan nai pani pavo.

rajasthani bhasha mean ek vachan ke kuchh shabd eekaraant hote haian unamean bahuvachan ke lie 'yaan' laga dete haian.

lugaee—lugayaan, udaharan— sagळi lugayaan nai pani pavo.
bhojaee—bhojayaan, udaharan— bhojayaan nॅ bolo kॅ git gavॅan.

akshar 'ळ (ḷ)' ka prayog

yah akshar 'ळ' hariyanavi, rajasthani aur marathi bhashaoan mean khoob prayog hota hai. hindi bhasha, jo am taur par lakhanoo aur banaras ke pas boli jati hai, usamean isaka prayog itana nahian hai. baki pradeshoan jaise rajasthan, maharashtr, pashchimi uttar pradesh, panjab, hariyana, dilli adi mean is akshar ka bolane mean khoob prayog hota hai. usaka uchcharan 'l' aur ' d' ke bich ka hai. kuchh namoone niche dekhiye - hindi roop koshth mean likhe ge haian.

phळ (phal)
hळ (hal)
thaळi (thali)
kaळa (kala)
saळa (sala)
h dataळ (h datal)
bhoळa (bhola)
gळa (gala)

akshar "n (ṇ)" ka prayog

rajasthani, harayanavi bhasha mean akshar 'n (ṇ)' ka khoob prayog hota hai, halaanki hindi mean isaka prayog kam hai. hindi mean 'n (ṇ)' ke sthan par 'n (n)' prayog hota hai. kuchh udaharan dekhiye:-

thana (thana)
kana (kana)
pani (pani)
syana (sayana)
dana (dana)
ghana (ghana)
bhan (bahan)
sunao (sunao)
pichhan (pahachan)
bajana (bajana)

akshar 'rh' ka prayog

rajasthani, harayanavi bhasha mean akshar 'rh' ka prayog kriyaoan ke sath bahutayat se hota hai. hindi mean is tarah ka prayog nahian hota hai. hindi mean 'rh' ka prayog hone par ya to isako oopar chadha dete haian jaise 'karm' athava niche jo date haian jaise 'kriya'. kuchh udaharan dekhiye:-

k rh ya
dh rh ya
kha rh ya
pi rh ya
ja rh ya
a rh ya

rajasthani bhasha ki visheshataean

rajasthani bhasha ki samany visheshataean nimn haian-

rajasthani mean 'n', ' d' aur (marathi) 'l' tin vishisht dhvaniyaan (Phonemes) paee jati haian.
rajasthani tadbhav shabdoan mean mool sanskrit 'a' dhvani kee sthanoan par 'i' tatha 'i' 'u' ke roop mean parivartit hoti dekhi jati haian-'minak' (manushy), haran (harin), 'kamar' (kuanbhakar).
mevadi aur malavi mean 'ch', 'chh', 'j', 'jh' ka uchcharan bhili aur marathi ki tarah kramash: 'ts', 's', 'dj', 'z' ki tarah paya jata hai.
sanskrit hindi padadi 's-dhvani' poorvi rajasthani mean to surakshit hai, kiantu meva di-malavi-marava di mean aghosh 'hth' ho jati hai. jaise hi. sas, jaipuri-hadauti 'sasoo', meva di-marava di 'hthaoo'.
padamadhyagat hindi shuddh pranadhvani ya mahapran dhvani ki pranata rajasthani mean pray: padadi vyanjan mean aantarbhukt ho jati hai-hian. kandha, ra. khaando; hi. padhana, ra. phadh-bo.
rajasthani ke sabal puliang shabd hindi ki tarah akaraant n hokar okaraant hai :-hi. gho da, ra. gho di, hian. gadha, ra. g"ddo, hian. mota, ra. moto.
pashchimi rajasthani mean sanbandh karak ke parasarg 'ro-ra-ri' haian, kiantu poorvi rajasthani mean ye hindi ki tarah 'ko-ka-ki' haian.
jaipuri-ha dauti mean 'nai' parasarg ka prayog karmavachy bhootakalik karta ke atirikt chetan karm tatha sanpradan ke roop mean bhi paya jata hai-'chhora nai chhori mari' (l dake ne l daki mari); 'mhooan chhora nai marasyooan' (maian l dake ko pitooanga;-chetan karm); 'yo ladoo chhora nai de do' (yah laddoo l dake ko de do-sanpradan).
rajasthani mean uttam purush ke shrotri-sapeksh 'apaan-apan' or shrotri nirapeksh 'mahe-mhean-me' duhare roop pae jate haian.
hindi ki tarah rajasthani ke vartamanakalik kriya roop sahayak kriyayukt shatripratyayaant vikasit roop n hokar shuddh tadbhav roop haian. 'mooan jaooan chhooan' (maian jata hooan).
sahayak kriya ke roop pashchimi rajasthani mean 'hooan-haan-ho-hai' (vartaman) aur 'tho-thi-tha' (bhootakal) haian, kiantu poorvi rajasthani mean 'chhooan-chhaan-chho-chhai' (vartaman) aur 'chho-chhi-chha' (bhootakal) haian.
rajasthani mean tin prakar ke bhavishyatkalik roop pae jate haian :-javaigo, jasi, javailo. inamean dvitiy roop sanskrit ke bhavishyatkalik tinant roopoan ka vikas haian-'jasi' (yasyati), jasyooan (yasyami).
rajasthani ki any padarachanatmak visheshata poorvakalik kriya ke lie 'r' pratyay ka prayog hai : -'oo-padh-r roti khasi' (vah padhakar roti khaega).
rajasthani ki vakyarachanagat visheshataoan mean pramukh uktivachak kriya ke karm ke sath sanpradan karak ka prayog hai, jabaki hindi mean yahaan 'karan ya apadan' ka prayog dekha jata hai. 'ya bat ooannai kah do' (yah bat usase kah do). poorvi rajasthani mean hindi ke hi prabhav se sanpradanagat prayogake atirikt vikalp se karan-apadanagat prayog bhi sunaee p data hai-'ya bat ooan sooan kah do'.

sanbandhit lekh

varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj

a a i ee u oo e ai o au aan k kh g gh n ch chh j jh n t th d dh n t th d dh n p ph b bh m y r l v sh sh s h ksh tr jn rri rri aau shr aah