राजेन्द्र प्रसाद

	rajendr prasad
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poora nam	d aau. rajendr prasad
any nam	rajen baboo
janm	3 disambar, 1884
janm bhoomi	jiradeyoo, bihar
mrityu	28 faravari, 1963
mrityu sthan	sadakat ashram, patana
abhibhavak	mahadev sahay
pati/patni	rajavanshi devi
nagarikata	bharatiy
parti	bharatiy rashtriy kaangres
pad	bharat ke pratham rashtrapati
kary kal	26 janavari, 1950 se 13 mee, 1962
shiksha	snatak, bi. el., qanoon mean mastar digri aur d aauktaret
vidyalay	kalakatta vishvavidyalay, presideansi k aaulej (kalakatta)
puraskar-upadhi	bharat ratn
any janakari	rajendr prasad, bharat ke ekamatr rashtrapati the jinhoanne do karyakaloan tak rashtrapati pad par kary kiya.

d aau. rajendr prasad (aangrezi: Dr. Rajendra Prasad, janm- 3 disambar, 1884, jiradeyoo, bihar; mrityu- 28 faravari, 1963, sadakat ashram, patana) bharat ke pratham rashtrapati the. rajendr prasad behad pratibhashali aur vidvanh vyakti the. rajendr prasad, bharat ke ekamatr rashtrapati the jinhoanne do karyakaloan tak rashtrapati pad par kary kiya.

janm

bihar prant ke ek chhote se gaanv jiradeyoo mean 3 disambar, 1884 mean rajendr prasad ka janm hua tha. ek b de sanyukt parivar ke rajendr prasad sabase chhote sadasy the, isalie vah sabake dulare the. rajendr prasad ke parivar ke sadasyoan ke sambandh gahare aur mridu the. rajendr prasad ko apani mata aur b de bhaee mahendr prasad se bahut sneh tha. jiradeyoo gaanv ki abadi mishrit thi. magar sab log ikatthe rahate the. rajendr prasad ki sabase pahali yad apane hindoo aur musalaman dostoan ke sath 'chikka aur kabaddi' khelane ki hai. kishoravastha mean unhean holi ke tyohar ka iantazar rahata tha aur usamean unake musalaman dost bhi shamil rahate the aur muharram par hindoo taziye nikalate the. 'rajen baboo' (rajendr prasad) ko gaanv ke math mean ramayan sunana aur sthaniy ramalila dekhana b da achchha lagata tha. ghar ka vatavaran bhi eeshvar par poorn vishvas ka tha. rajendr prasad ki mata bahut bar unhean ramayan se kahaniyaan sunatian aur bhajan bhi gati thi. unake charitr ki dridhata aur udar drishtikon ki adharashila bachapan mean hi rakhi gee thi. [[chitr:Rajendra-Prasad-Stamp.jpg|left|thumb|rajendr prasad ke samman mean dak tikat]]

vivah

gaanv ka jivan purani paramparaoan se bharapoor tha. inamean se ek rivaj tha- bal vivah aur parampara ke anusar rajendr prasad ka vivah bhi keval barah varsh ki ayu mean ho gaya tha. yah ek vistrit anushthan tha jisamean vadhoo ke ghar pahuanchane mean gho doan, bailaga diyoan aur hathi ke juloos ko do din lage the. var ek chaandi ki palaki mean, jise char adami uthate the, saje-dhaje baithe the. raste mean unhean ek nadi bhi par karani thi. baratiyoan ko nadi par karane ke lie nav ka istemal kiya gaya. gho de aur bailoan ne tairakar nadi par ki, magar ikalaute hathi ne pani mean utarane se iankar kar diya. parinam yah hua ki hathi ko pichhe hi chho dana p da aur rajendr prasad ke pita ji 'mahadev sahay' ko isaka b da du:kh hua. apane gantavy sthan par pahuanchane se do mil pahale unhoanne kisi any vivah se lautate do hathi dekhe. unase lenaden tay hua aur parampara ke anusar hathi phir vivah ke juloos mean shamil ho ge. kisi tarah se yah juloos madhy ratri ko vadhoo ke ghar pahuancha. lambi yatra aur garmi se sab behal ho rahe the aur var to palaki mean hi so gaye the. b di kathinaee se unhean vivah ki rasm ke lie uthaya gaya. vadhoo, rajavanshi devi, un dinoan ke rivaj ke anusar parde mean hi rahati thi. chhuttiyoan mean ghar jane par apani patni ko dekhane ya usase bolane ka rajendr prasad ko bahut hi kam avasar milata tha.

rajendr prasad bad mean rashtriy aandolan mean shamil ho ge. tab vah patni se aur bhi kam mil pate the. vastav mean vivah ke pratham pachas varshoan mean shayad pati-patni pachas mahine hi sath-sath rahe hoange. rajendr prasad apana sara samay kam mean bitate aur patni bachchoan ke sath jiradeyoo gaanv mean parivar ke any sadasyoan ke sath rahati thian.

chitr:Blockquote-open.gif rajendr prasad ne svikar kiya, "maian brahman ke alava kisi ka chhua bhojan nahian khata tha. champaran mean gaandhi ji ne unhean apane purane vicharoan ko chho d dene ke liye kaha. akhirakar unhoanne samajhaya ki jab ve sath-sath ek dhyey ko lekar kary karate haian to un sabaki keval ek jati hoti hai arthat ve sab sathi karyakarta haian." chitr:Blockquote-close.gif

- rajendr prasad

matribhoomi ke lie samarpit

rajendr prasad pratibhashali aur vidvanh the aur kalakatta ke ek yogy vakil ke yahaan kam sikh rahe the. rajendr prasad ka bhavishy ek suandar sapane ki tarah tha. rajendr prasad ka parivar unase kee ashayean lagaye baitha tha. vastav mean rajendr prasad ke parivar ko un par garv tha. lekin rajendr prasad ka man in sab mean nahian tha. rajendr prasad keval dhan aur suvidhayean pane ke lie age padhana nahian chahate the. ekaek rajendr prasad ki drishti mean in chizoan ka koee mooly nahian rah gaya tha. rashtriy neta gokhale ke shabd rajendr prasad ke kanoan mean bar-bar gooanj uthate the.

azadi to hamean tabhi prapt hogi, jabaki ham samajavadi l daee ka marg pak dean. narendr dev

rajendr prasad ki matribhoomi videshi shasan mean jak di huee thi. rajendr prasad usaki pukar ko kaise anasuni kar sakate the. lekin rajendr prasad yah bhi janate the ki ek taraph desh aur doosari or parivar ki nishtha unhean bhinn-bhinn dishaoan mean khianch rahi thi. rajendr prasad ka parivar yah nahian chahata tha ki vah apana kary chho dakar 'rashtriy aandolan' mean bhag lean kyoanki usake lie poore samarpan ki avashyakata hoti hai. rajendr prasad ko apana rasta svayan chunana p dega. yah ulajhan manoan unaki atma ko jhakajhor rahi thi. [[chitr:Nehru-rajendraprasad.jpg|thumb|300px|pandit javahar lal neharoo aur rajeandr prasad]] rajendr prasad ne rat khatm hote-hote man hi man kuchh tay kar liya tha. rajendr prasad svarthi banakar apane parivar ko sambhalane ka poora bhar apane b de bhaee par nahian dal sakate the. rajendr prasad ke pita ka dehant ho chuka tha. rajendr prasad ke b de bhaee ne pita ka sthan lekar unaka margadarshan kiya tha aur uchch adarshoan ki prerana di thi. rajendr prasad unhean akela kaise chho d sakate the? agale din hi unhoanne apane bhaee ko patr likha, "maianne sada apaka kahana mana hai aur yadi eeshvar ne chaha to sada aisa hi hoga." dil mean yah shapath lete hue ki apane parivar ko aur du:kh nahian deange unhoanne likha, "maian jitana kar sakata hooan, karooanga aur sab ko prasann dekh kar prasannata ka anubhav karooanga." lekin unake dil mean uthal-puthal machi rahi. ek din vah apani atma ki pukar suneange aur svayan ko poornataya apani matribhoomi ke lie samarpit kar deange. yah yuvak rajendr the jo char dashak pashchath 'svatantr bharat ke pratham rashtrapati' bane.

ianglaind jane ka sapana

bahut b de parivar mean rahane ke karan shuroo se hi rajendr prasad mean any sadasyoan ka dhyan rakhane aur nissvarthata ka gun a gaya tha. chhatrakal ke dauran unake man mean aee.si.es. ki pariksha dene ke lie ianglaind jane ki b di ichchha thi. lekin unhean bhay tha ki parivar ke log itani door jane ki anumati kabhi nahian deange. isalie unhoanne bahut hi gupt roop se jahaz mean ianglaiannd jane ke lie sit ka arakshan karavaya aur any sab prabandh kie. yahaan tak ki ianglaiannd mean pahanane ke lie do soot bhi silava lie. lekin jisaka unhean bhay tha vahi hua. unake pitaji ne is prastav ka bahut zor se virodh kiya. rajendr prasad ne bahut anichchha se ianglaiannd jane ka vichar chho d diya. any logoan ke vicharoan ke prati samman ka gun poora jivan rajendr prasad ke sath raha. vastav mean rajendr prasad ke bachapan mean vikasit sare gun jivanabhar unake sath rahe aur unhean kathinaiyoan ka samana karane ka sahas dete rahe.

bachapan se hi parishrami

skool ke din parishram aur mauj-masti ka mishran the. un dinoan mean yah parampara thi ki shiksha ka aranbh farasi ki shiksha se kiya jae. rajendr prasad paanch ya chhah varsh ke rahe hoange jab unhean aur unake do chachere bhaiyoan ko ek maulavi sahab padhane ke lie ane lage. shiksha aranbh karane vale din paise aur mithaee baanti jati hai. l dakoan ne apane achchhe svabhav vale maulavi sahab ke sath shaitaniyaan bhi ki magar mehanat bhi kas kar ki. ve subah b di jaldi uth kar kaksha ke kamare mean padhane ke lie baith jate. yah silasila kafi der tak chalata aur bich mean unhean khane aur aram karane ki chhutti milati. vastav mean yah kalpana bhi nahian ki ja sakati thi ki itane chhote bachche bahut der tak dhyan laga kar padhaee kar sakean. ye vishesh gun jivanaparyant rajendr prasad mean rahe aur inhian ne unhean vishishtata bhi dilaee.

vishvavidyalay ki shiksha

rajendr prasad apane nazuk svasthy ke bavazood bhi ek ganbhir evan pratibhashali chhatr the aur skool v k aaulej donoan mean hi unaka parinam bahut hi achchha raha. kalakatta vishvavidyalay ki pravesh pariksha mean rajendr prasad pratham rahe aur unhean tis rupaye mahine ki chhatravritti bhi mili. un dinoan mean tis rupaye bahut hote the. lekin sabase b di bat thi ki pahali bar bihar ka ek chhatr pariksha mean pratham aya tha. unake parivar aur unake lie yah ek garv ka kshan tha. san 1902 ee. mean rajendr prasad ne kalakatta ke presideansi k aaulej mean pravesh liya. yah saral svabhav aur nishkapat yuvak bihar ki sima se pahali bar bahar nikal kar kalakatta jaise b de shahar mean aya tha. apani kaksha mean jane par vah chhatroan ko takata rah gaya. sabake sir nange the aur vah sab pashchimi veshabhoosha ki pataloon aur kamiz pahane the. unhoanne socha ye sab eanglo-iandiyan haian lekin jab haziri boli gee to unhean yah janakar ashchary hua ki sabake nam hindustani the.

rajendr prasad ka nam haziri ke samay nahian pukara gaya to vah bahut himmat karake kh de hue aur pradhyapak ko bataya. pradhyapak unake dehati kap doan ko ghoorata hi raha. vah sada ki tarah kurta-pajama aur topi pahane the.
'thaharo. maianne abhi skool ke l dakoan ki haziri nahian li,' pradhyapak ne tikhe svar mean kaha.
vah shayad unhean ek skool ka l daka samajh raha tha.
rajendr prasad ne hath kiya ki vah presideansi k aaulej ke chhatr haian aur apana nam bhi bataya.
ab kaksha ke sab chhatr unhean ghoorane lage kyoanki yah nam to un dinoan sabaki zuban par tha. us varsh rajendr prasad nam ka l daka vishvavidyalay mean pratham aya tha. galati ko turant sudhara gaya aur is tarah rajendr prasad ka k aaulej jivan arambh hua.

[[chitr:Nehru-bhulabhaidesai-rajendraprasd.png|thumb|220px|pandit javahar lal neharoo, rajeandr prasad aur bhulabhaee desaee]]

atmavishvasi rajendr

varsh ke akhir mean ek bar phir galati huee. jab priansipal ne eph.e. mean uttirn chhatroan ke nam lie to rajendr prasad ka nam soochi mean nahian tha. rajendr prasad ko apane kanoan par vishvas nahian aya. kyoanki is pariksha ke lie unhoanne bahut hi parishram kiya tha. akhir vah kh de hue aur sambhavit galati ki or sanket kiya.

priansipal ne turant uttar diya ki vah fel ho ge hoange. unhean is mamale mean tark nahian karana chahie.
'lekin, lekin sar', rajendr prasad ne hakalakar, ghabarate hue kaha. is samay unaka hriday dhak-dhak kar raha tha.
'paanch rupaya zurmana' krodhit priansipal ne kaha. rajendr prasad ne sahas kar phir bolana chaha.
'das rupaya zurmana', lal-pila hote hue priansipal chillaya.

rajendr prasad bahut ghabara ge. agale kuchh kshanoan mean zurmana badhakar 25 rupaye tak pahuanch gaya. ekaek haid klark ne unhean pichhe se baith jane ka sanket kiya. ek galati ho gee thi. pata chala ki vastav mean rajendr prasad kaksha mean pratham ae the. unake nambar unaki pravesh pariksha se bhi is bar bahut adhik the. priansipal naya tha. isalie usane is pratibhashali chhatr ko nahian pahachana tha. rajendr prasad ki chhatravritti do varsh ke lie badhakar 50 rupaya prati mas kar di gee. usake bad snatak ki pariksha mean bhi unhean vishisht sthan mila. yadyapi rajendr prasad sada vinamr bane rahe magar unhoanne yah mahattvapoorn path padh liya tha ki apane sankoch ko door kar svayan mean atmavishvas paida karana hi hoga. apane k aaulej ke dinoan mean rajendr prasad ko sada yogy adhyapakoan ka samarthan mila, jinhoanne apane chhatroan ko age badhane ki prerana evan uchch achar-vichar ki shiksha di.

chitr:Blockquote-open.gif rashtrapati ke pad par rajendr prasad ne sadabhavana ke lie kee deshoan ki yatrayean bhi ki. unhoanne is anvik yug mean shanti ki avashyakata par zor diya. rajendr baboo ka yah vishvas tha ki atit aur vartaman mean ek mahattvapoorn k di hai. chitr:Blockquote-close.gif

jagarookata

un dinoan bangal mean saanskritik aur samajik jagriti ho rahi thi. bharatiy itihas mean yah sankat ka samay tha. sanh 1905 mean hue bangal ke vibhajan ne janata mean rajanitik jagarookata ka vikasit kar diya tha. rajendr prasad ek bar ki bat smaran karake kahate haian, 'un dinoan ka vatavaran...naye jivan aur nee aankakshaoan se bhara hua tha. maian unake prabhav se bach nahian pa raha tha.' vah d aaun sosaiti ke sadasy ban gaye jo chhatroan ko apani bharatiy virasat par garv karana sikhati thi. isake bad jaldi hi rajendr prasad sarvajanik aur samajik karyoan ki or akarshit hue. rajendr prasad ne kalakatta mean ek 'bihari klab' banaya jisamean aranbh mean bihar ki sthiti sudharane aur vahaan ke chhatroan ki madad karane ka kary kiya. bad ke varshoan mean yah klab kalyan karyoan ka manch bana. vastav mean rajendr prasad ke sarvajanik jivan ke lie yah achchha prashikshan tha.
bangal ka vibhajan logoan mean badhati huee rashtriyata ki bhavana ko janaboojhakar diya gaya dhakka mana gaya. isane tilak, lala lajapat ray aur vipinachandr pal jaise netaoan dvara aranbh kiye ge svadeshi aur bahishkar aandolan (bharatiy chizoan ka istemal aur british chizoan ka bahishkar) ne ag mean ghi ka kam kiya. unhoanne is aandolan ko kuchh pashchaty rang mean range bharatiyoan ke hathoan se nikalakar janata tak pahuanchaya. is aandolan ke karan logoan ne bharatiy vastuoan par garv karana sikha aur log bharatiy udyog ko protsahan dene lage. [[chitr:Rajagopalachari-Rajendra Prasad-Bose-Patel.jpg|thumb|250px|si. rajagopalachari, d aau. rajendr prasad, subhash chandr bos aur saradar vallabh bhaee patel]]

svadeshi aandolan

rajendr prasad bhi naye aandolan ki or akarshit hue. ab pahali bar rajendr prasad ne pustakoan ki taraf kam dhyan dena shuroo kiya. svadeshi aur bahishkar aandolan ne rajendr prasad ke chhatralay ke chhatroan ko bahut prabhavit kiya. unhoanne sab videshi kap doan ko jalane ki qasam khaee. ek din sabake bakse khol kar videshi kap de nikale gaye aur unaki holi jala di gee. jab rajendr prasad ka baksa khola gaya to ek bhi kap da videshi nahian nikala. yah unake dehati palan-poshan ke karan nahian tha. balki svatah hi unaka jhukav deshi chizoan ki or tha. gopal krishna gokhale ne sanh 1905 mean 'sarvents aauf iandiya sosaiti' arambh ki thi. unaka dhyey tha aise rashtriy svayan sevak taiyar karana jo bharat mean sanvaidhanik sudhar karean. is yogy yuva chhatr se vah bahut prabhavit the aur unhoanne rajendr prasad ko is sosaiti mean shamil hone ke liye prerit kiya. lekin parivar ki or se apane kartavy ke karan rajendr prasad ne gokhale ki pukar ko us samay anasuna kar diya. lekin vah yad karate haian,- 'maian bahut dukhi tha.' aur jivan mean pahali bar bi. el. ki pariksha mean kathinaee se pas hue the.

qanoon mean mastar digri

vah ab vaqalat ki dahalij par kh de the. unhoanne jaldi hi muqadamoan ko achchhi prakar aur eemanadari se karane ke liye khyati pa li. sanh 1915 mean qanoon mean mastar ki digri mean vishtita pane ke lie rajendr prasad ko sone ka medal mila. isake bad unhoanne qanoon mean d aauktaret bhi kar li. ab vah d aau. rajendr prasad ho gaye. in varshoan mean rajendr prasad kee prasiddh vaqiloan, vidvanoan aur lekhakoan se mile. rajendr prasad bharatiy kaangres kameti ke sadasy bhi ban gaye. rajendr prasad ke mastishk mean rashtriyata ne j de jama li thi.

champaran aur british daman

british shasak ke anyay ke prati hamara dabboopan ab virodh mean badal raha tha. sanh 1914 mean pratham vishv yuddh arambh hone par logoan ke liye nee kathinaiyaan utpann ho gee. jaise- bhari kar, khady padarthoan ki kami kimatoan ka badhana aur berozagari. sudhar ka koee sanket nahian mil raha tha. jab kalakatta mean sanh 1917 ke disambar mah mean 'aaul iandiya kaangres kameti' ka adhiveshan hua to bharat mean uthal-puthal machi huee thi. rajendr prasad bhi is adhiveshan mean shamil hue. unake sath hi ek saanvale rang ka dubala-patala adami baitha tha magar usaki aankhean b di tez aur chamakili thi. rajendr prasad ne suna tha ki vah afrika se aya hai lekin apane svabhavik sankoch ke karan vah usase batachit n kar sake. yah vyakti aur koee nahian mahatma gaandhi hi the. vah abhi-abhi dakshin afrika mean sarakari daman ke viruddh sangharsh karake bharat laute the. rajendr prasad ko us samay pata nahian tha ki vah saanvala paini aankhoan vala vyakti hi unake bhavishy ke jivan ko akar dega. thumb|left|250px|chanparan satyagrah aandolan ke dauran d aau. rajendr prasad aur anugrah narayan sinha gaandhi ji ne apana pratham prayog bihar ke champaran zile mean kiya jahaan krishakoan ki dasha bahut hi dayaniy thi. british logoan ne bahut sari dharati par nil ki kheti arambh kar di thi jo unake liye labhadayak thi. bhookhe, nange, krishak kirayedar ko nil ugane ke liye zabaradasti ki jati. yadi ve unaki ajna nahian manate to un par jurmana kiya jata aur kroorata se yatanaean di jati evan unake khet aur gharoan ka nasht kar diya jata tha. jab bhi jhag da haee kort mean pesh hua, tab-tab vastav mean rajendr prasad ne sada bina fis liye in krishakoan ka pratinidhitv kiya. lekin phir bhi vah nirantar janavaroan jaisi sthiti mean rahate a rahe the. gaandhiji ko champaran mean ho rahe daman par vishvas nahian hua aur vastavikata ka pata lagane vah kalakatta adhiveshan ke bad svayan bihar gaye. mahatma gaandhi ke sath champaran ka ek krishak neta tha. jo pahale unhean rajendr prasad ji ke ghar patana mean le aya. ghar mean keval naukar tha. gaandhiji ko ek kisan muvakkil samajhakar usane b di rookhaee se unhean bahar baithane ke liye kaha. kuchh samay bad gaandhi ji apani champaran ki yatra par chal diye. nil kar sahab aur yahaan ke sarakari adhikariyoan ko dar tha ki gaandhiji ke ane se g dab d n ho jaye. isaliye unhean sarakari adesh diya gaya ki tatkal zila chho d kar chalean jayean. gaandhiji ne vahaan se jane se iankar kar diya aur uttar diya ki vah aandolan karane nahian aye. keval poochhatachh se janana chahate haian. bahut b di sankhya mean pi dit kisan unake pas apane du:kh ki kahaniyaan lekar ane lage. ab unhean kachahari mean pesh hone ke liye kaha gaya.

gaandhi ji se bheant

baboo rajendr prasad ki khyati ki vah bahut samarpit karyakarta haian, gaandhi ji ke pas pahuanch chuki thian. gaandhi ji ne rajendr prasad ko champaran ki sthiti batate hue ek tar bheja aur kaha ki vah turant kuchh svayansevakoan ko sath lekar vahaan a jayean. baboo rajendr prasad ka gaandhi ji ke sath yah pahala sampark tha. vah unake apane jivan mean hi nahian balki bharat ki rashtriyata ke itihas mean bhi, ek naya mo d tha. rajendr prasad turant champaran pahuanche aur gaandhi ji mean unaki dilachaspi jagi. pahali bar milane par unhean gaandhi ji ki shakl ya batachit kisi ne bhi prabhavit nahian kiya tha. haan, vah apane naukar ka gaandhi ji se kiye durvyavahar se jisake bare mean unhoanne suna tha, bahut dukhi the. [[chitr:Gandhi-Rajendra-Prasad.jpg|thumb|300px|d aau. rajendr prasad aur mahatma gaandhi]] us rat gaandhi ji ne jagakar vaisar aauy aur bharatiy netaoan ko patr likhe aur kachahari mean pesh karane ke liye apana bayan bhi likha. unhoanne keval ek bar rook kar baboo rajendr prasad aur unake sathiyoan se poochha ki yadi unhean jel bhej diya gaya to ve kya kareange. ek svayansevak ne hansate hue kaha ki tab unaka kam bhi khatm ho jayega aur ve sab apane ghar chale jayeange. is samay is bat ne rajendr prasad ji ke dil ko chhoo liya aur usamean halachal mach gee. yah ek aisa adami hai jo is prant ka nivasi nahian hai aur kisanoan ke adhikaroan ke liye ji-jan se sangharsh kar raha hai. vah nyay ke liye jel jane ko bhi taiyar hai. aur yahaan hamare jaise 'bihari' jo apane kshetr ke kisanoan ki madad karane par garv karate haian lekin phir bhi ham sab ghar chale jayeange. is ajibogarib sthiti ne unhean chauanka diya. vah is chhote se adami ko ashcharyachakit se takate rahe. jin logoan ko vah janate the unamean se kisi ne bhi kabhi jel jane tak ka sapana nahian dekha tha. vakiloan ke lie jel ek ganda shabd tha. jel keval aparadhiyoan ke lie tha. aparadhi bhi jel ki sakhti se bachane ke lie adhikariyoan ko b di-b di rakamean dete the, aur yah adami jane kahaan se akar jel jane ki bat kar raha tha. usaka bhi to ghar aur parivar hoga. agali subah tak gaandhi ji ke ni:svarth udaharan ne baboo rajendr prasad aur unake sathiyoan ka dil jit liya tha. ab ve unake sath jel jane ke lie taiyar the. kachahari mean gaandhi ji ne kaha ki unhoanne champaran chho dane ka adhikariyoan ka adesh apani atma ki avaz sunakar hi nahian mana tha. vah jel jane ko taiyar haian. baboo rajendr prasad aur unake sathi jab tak giraftar nahian kar liye jate aur unaka sthan any neta nahian le lete poochhatachh ka kam jari rakheange. us din door-door ke gaanvoan se itane log kachahari mean gaandhiji ko sunane aye ki vahaan ka daravaza hi toot gaya.

satyagrah ki pahali vijay

yah ek chamatkar ke saman tha. gaandhi ji ka nidarata se hokar saty aur nyay par a de rahane se sarakar bahut prabhavit huee. muqadama vapas le liya gaya aur vah ab poochhatachh ke lie svatantr the. yahaan tak ki adhikariyoan ko bhi unaki madad karane ke liye kaha gaya. yah satyagrah ki pahali vijay thi. svadhinata sangharsh mean gaandhi ji ka yah mahattvapoorn yogadan tha. satyagrah ne hamean sikhaya ki nirbhay hokar damanakari ke viruddh apane adhikaroan ke lie ahiansatmak tarike se a de raho.

chitr:Blockquote-open.gif rashtrapati banane par bhi unaka rashtr ke prati samarpit jivan chalata raha. vriddh aur nazuk svasthy ke bavajood unhoanne bharat ki janata ke sath apana niji sampark qayam rakha. vah varsh mean se 150 din relaga di dvara yatra karate aur amataur par chhote-chhote steshanoan par rookakar samany logoan se milate.- rajendr prasad chitr:Blockquote-close.gif

asprishyata ka tyag

gaandhiji ke nikat sanbandh ke karan unake purane vicharoan mean ek kranti aee aur vah sab chijoan ko naye drishtikon se dekhane lage. unhoanne mahatma gaandhi ke manaviy vikas aur samaj sudhar karyoan mean bharasak sahayata ki. unhoanne mahasoos kiya, "videshi takatoan ka ham par raj karane ka mool karan hamari kamazori aur samajik dhaanche mean dararean haian." asprishyata ka abhishap jo prachin samay se chala a raha tha bharatiy samaj ki ek aisi kuriti thi jisake dvara nichi jatiyoan ko aise door rakha jata tha manoan ve koee chhoot ki bimari hoan. unhean mandir ke bhitar jane nahian diya jata tha. yahaan tak ki gaanv mean kue se pani bhi nahian bharane dete the.

lekin samaj ke badalane se pahale apane ko badalane ka sahas hona chahiye. "yah bat sach thi," rajendr prasad ne svikar kiya, "maian brahman ke alava kisi ka chhua bhojan nahian khata tha. champaran mean gaandhiji ne unhean apane purane vicharoan ko chho d dene ke liye kaha. akhirakar unhoanne samajhaya ki jab ve sath-sath ek dhyey ke leye kary karate haian to un sabaki keval ek jati hoti hai arthat ve sab sathi karyakarta haian."

gaandhi ji ka harijan aandolan

d aau. rajendr prasad ji ne sada jivan apanaya aur naukaroan ki sankhya kam karake ek kar di. vah smaran karate haian, "sach to yah hai ki ham sab kuchh svayan hi karate the. yahaan tak ki apane kamare mean jha doo lagana, rasoeeghar saf karana, apana bartan maanjana-dhona, apana saman uthana aur ab ga di mean bhi tisare darje mean yatra karana apamanajanak nahian lagata tha." desh ne gaandhi ji ke harijan aandolan mean bahut utsah dikhaya. bihar ne pratijna ki ki vah is kuriti ko aur harijanoan ke kalyan ke liye kiye kary dvara hatayeange. dakshin bharat ko unhoanne "asprishyata ka gadh" kaha. rajendr prasad vahaan si. rajagopalachari ke sath gaye aur bahut prayas kiya ki mandiroan ke dvar harijanoan ke liye khol diye jayean. unhean kuchh saphalata bhi mili. unhoanne gaanv ke kuane ka upayog karane ke adhikar ke lie bhi l daee ki. is suvidha ko bhi any suvidhaoan ke sath svikar kar liya gaya.

bhookamp aur rahat kary

janavari sanh 1934 mean bihar ko ek bhanyakar bhookamp ne jhianjho d diya. jivan aur sampatti ki bahut hani huee. rajendr prasad apani asvasthata ke bad bhi rahat kary mean jut gaye. vah un logoan ke liye jinake ghar nasht ho gaye the, bhojan, kap da aur davaiyaan ikatthi karate. bhookamp ke pashchath bihar mean badh aur maleriya ka prakop hua. jisase janata ki takaliphean aur bhi badh gee. is bhookamp aur badh prabhavit kshetr mean kam karane mean gaandhi ji ne rajendr prasad ka sath diya.

kuchh samay pashchath uttar-pashchim mean koyata nagar mean, mee sanh 1935 mean bhayankar bhookamp aya aur us kshetr mean bhishan vinash lila huee. sarakari pratibandhoan ke karan rajendr prasad turant vahaan pahuanch n sake. unhoanne panjab aur siandh mean rahat kametiyaan bana di jo bhookamp dvara beghar aur vahaan se aye logoan ko rahat dene ka kam karane lagi. rajendr prasad b di himmat se sampradayik tanav ko kam karane, striyoan ki sthiti mean sudhar aur gaanvoan mean khadi aur udyogoan ka vikas evan rashtr ke any nirman kary mean lage rahe. yah kary vah apane jivan ke aantim dinoan tak karate rahe. unaki manavata adami ke bhitar ki achchhaee ko chhoo jati thi.

chitr:Blockquote-open.gif "apane man mean mujhe poorn vishvas hai ki tumhara vyaktitv ghayal atmaoan par maraham ka kam karega aur avishvas aur g dab d ke vatavaran ko shanti aur ekata ke vatavaran mean badal dega."- ravindranath taigor chitr:Blockquote-close.gif

svadhinata sangram mean

rajendr prasad ne any netaoan ke sath rashtr nirman ka ati vishal kary le liya. us samay unake bhitar jal rahi rashtriyata ki jvala ko koee nahian bujha sakata tha. rajendr prasad gaandhi ji ke bahut nishthavan anuyayi the. unhoanne svayan ko poori tarah svadhinata sangram ke lie samarpit kar diya. unhean aur poore bharat ko gaandhi ke roop mean aandolan ke liye naya neta aur satyagrah v asahayog ke roop mean ek naya astr mila.

vishv itihas mean aisa udaharan nahian milega jahaan itane nirastr log ahiansa apanakar itani bahaduri se l de hoan. saty aur nyay ke adarshoan ko dharan karake unaka british shasan ko hilane ka nishchay dridh hota ja raha tha.

sarakar ne apane damanakari astroan se is utsah ko dabane ka prayas kiya. march sanh 1919 mean r aaulet ekt pas kiya gaya. isake dvara jaj rajanitik muqadamoan ko joori ke bina sun sakate the aur sandehaspad rajanitik logoan ko bina kisi prakriya ke jel mean dala ja sakata tha.

logoan ka asantosh badhata gaya. gaandhiji ne poore desh mean chh aprॅl sanh 1919 ko h datal bulaee. "sara kam thapp ho gaya...yahaan tak ki gaanvoan mean bhi kisanoan ne hal ek or rakh diye", rajendr prasad ne tippani ki.

lekin sarakar ka atyachar badhata hi gaya. amritasar ke jaliyaanvala bag mean 13 aprail, 1919 mean ek virodh sabha mean dher sare nirastr log mare gaye aur kee ghayal hue.

asahayog aandolan

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rajendr prasad is bat se bahut krodhit ho uthe aur unhoanne nirbhikata se bihar ki janata se gaandhiji ke netritv mean asahayog aandolan ko svikar karane ki apil ki. yah aisa samay tha jab desh ke liye koee bhi balidan bahut b da nahian tha. baboo rajendr prasad ne apani phalati-phoolati vakalat chho dakar patana ke nikat sana 1921 mean ek neshanal k aaulej khola. hazaroan chhatr aur profesar jinhoanne sarakari sansthaoan ka bahishkar kiya tha yahaan a gaye. phir is k aaulej ko ganga kinare sadakat ashram mean le jaya gaya. agale 25 varshoan ke liye yah rajendr prasad ji ka ghar tha.

bihar mean asahayog aandolan 1921 mean davanal ki tarah phail gaya. rajendr prasad door-door ki yatrayean karate, sarvajanik sabhayean bulate, jisase sabase sahayata le sakean aur dhan ikattha kar sakean. unake liye yah ek naya anubhav tha. "mujhe ab roz sabhaoan mean bolana p data tha isaliye mera svabhavik sankoch door ho gaya..." sadharanataya qrarib 20,000 log in sabhaoan mean upasthit hote. unake netritv mean gaanvoan mean seva samitiyoan aur panchayatoan ka sangathan kiya gaya. logoan se anurodh kiya gaya ki videshi kap doan ka bahishkar karean aur khadi pahanean v charkha katana arambh karean. [[chitr:Maulana-Azad-Rajendra-Prasad.jpg|thumb|220px|rajendr prasad aur maulana abul kalam azad]] yah anivary tha ki rajaniti ka drishy badale. rajendr prasad ne jagarookata ka varnan is prakar kiya hai, "ab rajaniti shikshitoan aur vyavasayi logoan ke kamaroan se nikalakar dehat ki jhop diyoan mean pravesh kar gee thi aur isamean hissa lene vale the kisan."

sarakar ka daman chakr

sarakar ne isake uttar mean apana daman chakr chalaya. hazaroan log jinamean lala lajapat ray, javahar lal neharoo, deshabandhu chitaranjan das aur maulana abul kalam azad jaise prasiddh neta giraphtar kar liye gaye. aandolan ka anokhapan tha usaka ahiansak hona. lekin faravari sanh 1922 mean gaandhiji ne 'savinay avajna aandolan' ki pukar di kintu chauri chaura, uttar pradesh mean hiansak ghatanayean hone par gaandhi ji ne savinay avajna aandolan sthagit kar diya. unhean laga ki hiansa nyayasangat nahian hai. aur rajanitik saphalata ko kuchh samay ke liye sthagit kiya jana hi achchha hai. jisase naitik asaphalata se bacha ja sake. kee netaoan ne aandolan ko sthagit karane ke liye gaandhi ji ki k di alochana ki lekin rajendr prasad ne dridhata ke sath unaka sath diya. unhean gaandhiji ki buddhimatta par poorn vishvas tha.

namak satyagrah

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namak satyagrah ka arambh gaandhi ji ne samudr tat ki or yatra karake daandi mean kiya. jisase namak qanoon ka ullanghan vah kar sakean. daandi, sabaramati ashram se 320 kilomitar door thi. namak ki zaroorat hava aur pani ki tarah sab ko hai aur unhoanne mahasoos kiya ki namak par kar lagana amanushik kary tha. yah poore rashtr ko sakriy hone ka sanket tha. bihar mean namak satyagrah ka arambh rajendr prasad ke netritv mean hua. pulis akraman ke bavajood namak qanoon ke ullaghann ke liye patana mean nakhas talab chuna gaya. svayansevakoan ke dal utsahapoorvak ek ke bad ek ate aur namak banane ke liye giraphtar kar liye jate. rajendr prasad ne ahiansak rahane ke liye svayansevakoan se apil ki. kee svayansevak gambhir roop se ghayal hue.

chitr:Blockquote-open.gif vah smaran karate haian, "sach to yah hai ki ham sab kuchh svayan hi karate the. yahaan tak ki apane kamare mean jha doo lagana, rasoeeghar saf karana, apana bartan maanjana-dhona, apana saman uthana aur ab ga di mean bhi tisare darje mean yatra karana apamanajanak nahian lagata tha."- rajendr prasad chitr:Blockquote-close.gif

namak satyagrah aur jel yatra

namak satyagrah ke prati pulis ke atyachar itane badh gaye ki janata mean rosh utpann ho gaya kyoanki vah ulat kar pulis ko marati nahian thi aur sarakar ko aant mean pulis ko vahaan se hatana p da. ab svayansevak namak bana sakate the. rajendr prasad ne us nirmit namak ko bechakar dhan ikattha kiya. jis qanoon ko vah nyayasangat nahian samajhate the use to dane se koee bhi chiz unhean rok nahian sakati thi. ek bar to vah pulis ki lathiyoan dvara gambhir roop se ghayal ho gaye the. unhean chhah mahine ki jel huee. yah unaki pahali jel yatra thi.

kavi rajendr

san 1934 mean bhookamp pi ditoan ke liye rahat kary karane ke dauran rajendr prasad ke bhaee mahendr prasad ka nidhan ho gaya. rajendr baboo ne likha hai, "is sankat kal mean mere bhaee ke dehant se mujhe bhari dhakka laga aur apane man ko saantvana dene ke lie maianne gitoan ka sahara liya."

bharatiy rashtriy kaangres ke adhyaksh

rajendr prasad bharatiy rashtriy kaangres ke ek se adhik bar adhyaksh rahe. aktoobar sanh 1934 mean bambee mean hue iandiyan neshanal kaangres ke adhiveshan ki adhyakshata rajendr prasad ne ki thi. unhoanne gaandhi ji ki salah se apane adhyakshiy bhashan ko antim roop diya. sahi bat ka samarthan karana sabha ki karravaee mean pratibimbit hota hai. jab gaandhiji ne unase poochha ki unhoanne pandit madanamohan malaviy jaise ganamany neta ko doosari bar bolane se kaise mana kar diya to unhoanne uttar mean kaha ki aisa nirnay unhoanne kaangres ke adhyaksh hone ke nate liya tha n ki rajendr prasad ke roop mean.

apane adhyakshiy bhashan mean unhoanne sakriy, gatishil, aanhisatmak, samoohik kary aur aantahin balidan ko svadhinata ka mooly batate hue un par zor diya. apani bimari ke bavajood kaangres adhyaksh ki haisiyat se unhoanne bahut daure kie.

kaangres ki svarn jayanti (san 1885-1935) manaee gee aur kaangres adhyaksh ne apane sandesh mean kaha, "yah din smaran karane aur apane nishchay ko doharane ka hai ki ham poorn svarajy leange, jo svargiy tilak ke shabdoan mean hamara janm siddh adhikar hai."

subhashachandr bos ke aprail sanh 1939 mean kaangres adhyakshata (tripuri) se tyagapatr dene ke bad rajendr prasad phir adhyaksh chune gaye. vah apana bahut sara samay kaangres ke bhitari jhag doan ko nibatane mean lagate. kavi ravindranath taigor ne unhean likha, "apane man mean mujhe poorn vishvas hai ki tumhara vyaktitv ghayal atmaoan par maraham ka kam karega aur avishvas aur g dab d ke vatavaran ko shanti aur ekata ke vatavaran mean badal dega."

svadhinata ki or

hamare svatantrata ke itihas mean sanh 1939-47 tak ke varsh b de mahattvapoorn the. ham dhire-ghire sv-prashasan ki or badh rahe the. is samay sampradayik durbhavanaoan ke roop mean ek upadravi tattv utpann ho gaya tha. yah dekhakar rajendr prasad ko bahut nirasha huee ki yah bhavana badhati ja rahi hai. jiradeee mean unhoanne apane sangharsh ke antim daur ke dauran donoan sampradayoan ko shant rahane ki prarthana karate hue kaha, "yah to anivary hai ki daloan mean vicharoan ki bhinnata ho lekin isaka arth yah nahian ki ham ek-doosare ka sir pho d dean."

muhammad ali jinna ne pakistan ko apani parti, muslim lig ka dhyey ghoshit kar diya tha. lekin vibhajan ka vichar rajendr prasad ke siddhaantoan aur drishtikon ke bilkul viruddh tha. unhean is vichar mean koee aisa vyavaharik hal nahian mila. jab bhi bihar mean sampradayik dange hote, rajendr prasad turant vahaan pahuanchate. unhean vahaan ke hriday vidarak drishy dekhakar b da dhakka laga. vah hamesha vivekapoorn batean karate.

shanti ka svar

dvitiy vishvayuddh ki samapti par briten ne mahasoos kiya ki ab bharat ke sath aur adhik samay chipake rahana kathin hai. british pradhanamantri klimeant etali ne ghoshana ki ki vah bharatiy netaoan ke sath desh ke vidhan aur satta ki tabadili ke bare mean vichar-vimarsh kareange. svadhinata nikat hi dikhaee de rahi thi.

san 1946 mean bharat ane vale british kaibinet mishan ke prayas asaphal rahe the. yadyapi kendriy aur praantiy vidhan mandaloan ke chunav aur ek aantarim rashtriy sarakar banane ka prastav svikar kar liya gaya tha.
san 1946 mean javahar lal neharoo ke netritv mean barah mantriyoan ke sath ek aantarim sarakar bani. rajendr prasad krishi aur khady mantri niyukt hue. yah kam unhean pasand tha aur vah turant kam mean jut gaye. desh mean is samay khady padarthoan ki bahut kami thi aur unhoanne khady padarthoan ka utpadan badhane ke liye ek yojana banaee.
lekin saanmpradayikata ki samasya ko sulajhaya nahian ja saka. sanh 1946 mean, kalakatta mean sampradayik dange arambh huye aur phir poore bangal aur bihar mean phail gaye. rajendr prasad ne javahar lal neharoo ke sath dangagrast kshetroan ka daura karate hue, logoan se apana manasik santulan evan vivek banae rakhane ki apil ki, "manavata ki maang hai ki pagalapan, lootamar v agajani aur hatyakaand ko turant band kiya jaye..."

svatantrata ki prapti

lambe varshoan tak khoon pasina ek kar ke aur du:kh uthane ke pashchath 15 agast, sanh 1947 ko azadi mili, yadyapi rajendr prasad ke akhand bharat ka sapana vibhajan se khandit ho gaya tha.

sanvidhan sabha ke adhyaksh

hamane apani svatantrata prapt kar li thi parantu abhi hamean naye qanoon banane the jisase naye rashtr ka shasan chalaya ja sake.

svadhinata se pahale julaee sanh 1946 mean hamara sanvidhan banane ke lie ek sanvidhan sabha ka sangathan kiya gaya.
rajendr prasad ko isaka adhyaksh niyukt kiya gaya tha. yah unaki nissvarth rashtr seva ke prati shraddhaanjali thi jisake vah svayan moortaroop the.
bharatiy sanvidhan sabha ka pratham adhiveshan 9 disambar sanh 1946 ko hua.
sanvidhan sabha ke parishram se 26 navambar sanh 1949 ko bharat ki janata ne apane ko sanvidhan diya jisaka adarsh tha nyay, svadhinata, barabari aur bandhutv aur sabase oopar rashtr ki ekata jisamean kuchh moolabhoot adhikar nihit haian. bhavishy mean bharat ke vikas ki disha, pichh de varg, mahilaoan ki unnati aur vishesh kshetroan ke lie vishesh pravadhan haian. jisase vyakti ki pratishtha aur aantarrashtriy shanti ko badhava dena bhi sammilit hai.
bharat 26 janavari sanh 1950 mean ganatantr bana aur rajendr prasad usake pratham rashtrapati bane.

janata ke niji sampark

rashtrapati banane par bhi unaka rashtr ke prati samarpit jivan chalata raha. vriddh aur nazuk svasthy ke bavajood unhoanne bharat ki janata ke sath apana niji sampark qayam rakha. vah varsh mean se 150 din relaga di dvara yatra karate aur amataur par chhote-chhote steshanoan par rookakar samany logoan se milate.

shiksha ka prasar aur rachanayean

jnan ke prati lagav hone ke karan rajendr prasad "dhani aur daridr donoan ke gharoan mean prakash lana chahate the." shiksha hi aisi chabi thi jo mahilaoan ko svatantrata dila sakati thi. shiksha ka arth tha vyaktitv ka poorn vikas n ki kuchh pustakoan ka ratana. vah manate the ki shiksha janata ki matribhasha mean honi chahie. yadi hamean adhunik vishv ke sath apani gati banaye rakhani hai to aangrezi ki upeksha nahian karani chahie. unhoanne svayan bhi kee vishisht pustakean likhian. jinamean

unaki atmakatha (1946),
champaran mean satyagrah (1922),
iandiya divaided (1946),
mahatma gaandhi eand bihar,
sam reminisansej (1949),
bapoo ke qadamoan mean (1954) bhi sammilit haian.

chitr:Blockquote-open.gif bangal ka vibhajan logoan mean badhati huee rashtriyata ki bhavana ko janaboojhakar diya gaya dhakka mana gaya. isane tilak, lala lajapat ray aur vipinachandr pal jaise netaoan dvara aranbh kiye ge svadeshi aur bahishkar aandolan (bharatiy chizoan ka istemal aur british chizoan ka bahishkar) ne ag mean ghi ka kam kiya. unhoanne is aandolan ko kuchh pashchaty rang mean range bharatiyoan ke hathoan se nikalakar janata tak pahuanchaya. is aandolan ke karan logoan ne bharatiy vastuoan par garv karana sikha aur log bharatiy udyog ko protsahan dene lage. chitr:Blockquote-close.gif

rashtrapati rajendr

ve bharat ke ekamatr rashtrapati the jinhoanne do kary-kaloan tak rashtrapati pad par kary kiya.
rashtrapati ke pad par rajendr prasad ne sadabhavana ke lie kee deshoan ki yatrayean bhi ki. unhoanne is anvik yug mean shanti ki avashyakata par zor diya. rajendr baboo ka yah vishvas tha ki atit aur vartaman mean ek mahattvapoorn k di hai.
prachin sabhyata virasat mean milane ke karan vah atit ko hamari vartaman samasyaoan ko sulajhane ke lie prerana ka srot samajhate the. hamari virasat naitik aur adhyatmik moolyoan se paripoorn haian aur hamean bhavishy mean adhunik samay ki chunautiyoan ka samana karane mean sahayata kar sakati haian. prachin aur naitik moolyoan mean samanjasy to karana hi hoga.

rashtrapati bhavan unaka ghar

barah varshoan ke lie rashtrapati bhavan unaka ghar tha. usaki rajasi bhavyata aur shan suruchipoorn sadagi mean badal gee thi.
rashtrapati ka ek purana naukar tha, tulasi.
ek din subah kamare ki jha dapoanchh karate hue usase rajendr prasad ji ke desk se ek hathi daant ka pen niche zamin par gir gaya.
pen toot gaya aur syahi kalin par phail gee.
rajendr prasad bahut gussa hue.
yah pen kisi ki bheant thi aur unhean bahut hi pasand thi.
tulasi age bhi kee bar laparavahi kar chuka tha.
unhoanne apana gussa dikhane ke liye turant tulasi ko apani niji seva se hata diya.

us din vah bahut vyast rahe. kee pratishthit vyakti aur videshi padadhikari unase milane aye. magar sara din kam karate hue unake dil mean ek kaanta sa chubhata raha tha. unhean lagata raha ki unhoanne tulasi ke sath anyay kiya hai. jaise hi unhean milane valoan se avakash mila rajendr prasad ne tulasi ko apane kamare mean bulaya.

purana sevak apani galati par darata hua kamare ke bhitar aya.
usane dekha ki rashtrapati sir jhukaye aur hath jo de usake samane kh de haian.
unhoanne dhime svar mean kaha, "tulasi mujhe maph kar do."
tulasi itana chakit hua ki usase kuchh bola hi nahian gaya.
rashtrapati ne phir namr svar mean doharaya, "tulasi, tum kshama nahian karoge kya?"
is bar sevak aur svami donoan ki aankhoan mean aansoo a gaye.

bharat ratn

san 1962 mean avakash prapt karane par rashtr ne unhean "bharat rath‍n" ki sarvashreshth upadhi se sammanit kiya. yah us putr ke liye kritajnata ka pratik tha jisane apani atma ki avaz sunakar adhi shatabdi tak apani matribhoomi ki seva ki thi.

nidhan

apane jivan ke akhiri mahine bitane ke liye unhoanne patana ke nikat sadakat ashram chuna. yahaan par 28 faravari 1963 mean unake jivan ki kahani samapt huee. yah kahani thi shreshth bharatiy moolyoan aur parampara ki chattan sadrishy adarshoan ki. hamako in par garv hai aur ye sada rashtr ko prerana dete raheange.

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bharat ke pradhanamantri

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poorvadhikari

rajendr prasad

uttaradhikari
sarvapalli radhakrishnan