राणा साँगा

rana saanga (shasanakal 1509 se 1528 ee.) ko 'sangram sianh' ke nam se bhi jana jata hai. vah rana rayamal (shasanakal 1473 se 1509 ee.) ka putr aur uttaradhikari tha. itihas mean sangram sianh meva d ka raja saanga ke nam se prasiddh tha. usane apane shasan kal mean dilli, malava aur gujarat ke viruddh abhiyan kiya.. rana saanga mahanh yoddha tha aur tatkalin bharat ke samast rajyoan mean se aisa koee bhi ullekhaniy shasak nahian tha, jo usase loha le sake.

yuddh ki avashyakata

babar ke bharat par akraman ke samay rana saanga ko asha thi ki vah bhi taimoor ki bhaanti dilli mean loot-pat karane ke uparant svadesh laut jayega. kiantu 1526 ee. mean rana saanga ne dekha ki ibrahim lodi ko 'panipat ke yuddh' mean parast karane ke bad babar dilli mean shasan karane laga hai, tab usane babar se yuddh karane ka nirnay kar liya. malava ke mahamood khilaji ko yuddh mean harane ke bad rana saanga ka prabhav agara ke nikat ek chhoti-si nadi piliya khar tak dhire-dhire badh gaya tha. lekin siandhu-ganga ghati mean babar dvara mugal samrajy ki sthapana se rana saanga ko khatara badh gaya. rana saanga ne babar ko bharat se khade dane aur kam-se-kam use panjab tak simit rakhane ke lie taiyariyaan shuroo kar dian.

babar ka kathan

babar ne rana saanga par sandhi to dane ka dosh lagaya. usaka kahana tha ki- "rana saanga ne mujhe hindustan ane ka nyota diya aur ibrahim lodi ke khilaf yuddh mean mera sath dene ka vayada kiya tha, lekin jab maian dilli aur agara fatah kar raha tha, to usane paanv bhi nahian hilaye."

rana saanga ke sahayak

is bat ki koee janakari nahian hai ki rana saanga ne babar ke sath kya samajhauta kiya tha. ho sakata hai ki usane ek lambi l daee ki kalpana ki ho aur socha ho ki jab tak vah svayan un pradeshoan par adhikar kar sakega, jin par usaki nigah thi. ya shayad usane yah socha ho ki dilli ko rauand kar lodiyoan ki shakti ko kshin karake babar bhi taimoor ki bhaanti laut jayega. babar ke bharat mean hi rukane ke nirnay ne paristhiti ko poori tarah se badal diya. ibrahim lodi ke chhote bhaee mahamood lodi sahit anek afaganoan ne yah soch kar rana saanga ka sath diya ki agar vah jit gaya, to shayad unhean dilli ki gaddi vapas mil jayegi. mevat ke shasak hasan khaan mevati ne bhi rana saanga ka paksh liya. lagabhag sabhi b di rajapoot riyasatoan ne rana ki seva mean apani-apani senaean bhejian.

jihad ka nara

rana saanga ki prasiddhi aur bayana jaisi bahari mugal chhavaniyoan par usaki prarambhik saphalataoan se babar ke sipahiyoan ka manobal gir gaya. unamean phir se sahas bharane ke lie babar ne rana saanga ke khilaf 'jihad' ka nara diya. l daee se pahale ki sham usane apane ap ko sachcha muslim siddh karane ke lie sharab ke gh de ulat die aur surahiyaan pho d di. usane apane rajy mean sharab ki kharid-farokht par rok laga di aur musalamanoan par se sima kar hata diya. babar ne bahut dhyan se ranasthali ka chunav kiya aur vah agara se chalis kilomitar door khanava namak sthan par pahuanch gaya. panipat ki tarah hi usane bahari pankti mean ga diyaan lagava kar aur usake sath khaee khod kar duhari suraksha ki paddhati apanaee. in tin pahiyoan vali ga diyoan ki pankti mean bich-bich mean bandooqachiyoan ke age badhane aur goliyaan chalane ke lie sthan chho d diya gaya.

khanava ka yuddh

1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy

'khanava ki l daee' (1527) mean zabardast sangharsh hua. babar ke anusar saanga ki sena mean 200,000 se bhi adhik sainik the. inamean 10,000 afagan ghu dasavar aur itani sankhya mean hasan khan mevati ke sipahi the. yah sankhya bhi, aur sthanoan ki bhaanti badha-badha kar kahi gee ho sakati hai, lekin babar ki sena niahsandeh chhoti thi. saanga ne babar ki dahini sena par zabardast akraman kiya aur use lagabhag bhed diya. lekin babar ke topakhane ne kafi sainik mar giraye aur saanga ko khade d diya gaya. isi avasar par babar ne kendr-sthit sainikoan se, jo ga diyoan ke pichhe chhipe hue the, akraman karane ke lie kaha. zajiroan se ga diyoan se bandhe topakhane ko bhi age badhaya gaya.

saanga ki parajay

babar ki kushal sainy kshamata aur usake topakhanoan se saanga ki sena bich mean ghir gee aur bahut se sainik mare gaye. rana saanga ki parajay huee. rana saanga bach kar bhag nikala taki babar ke sath phir sangharsh kar sake, parantu usake samantoan ne hi use zahar de diya jo is marg ko khataranak aur atmahatya ke saman samajhate the. is prakar rajasthan ka sabase b da yoddha ant ko prapt hua. saanga ki mrityu ke sath hi agara tak vistrit sanyukt rajasthan ke svapn ko bahut dhakka pahuancha.

'khanava ki l daee' se dilli-agara mean babar ki sthiti sudridh ho gee. agara ke poorv mean gvaliyar aur dhaulapur jaise qiloan ki shrriankhala jit kar babar ne apani sthiti aur bhi mazaboot kar li. usane hasan khaan mevati se alavar ka bahut b da bhag bhi chhin liya. phir usane malava sthit chanderi ke medini ray ke viruddh abhiyan chhe da. rajapoot sainikoan dvara rakt ki aantim booand tak l dakar jauhar karane ke bad chanderi par babar ka rajy ho gaya. babar ko is kshetr mean apane abhiyan ko simit karana p da, kyoanki use poorvi uttar pradesh mean afaganoan ki halachal ki khabar mili.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh