राम प्रसाद बिस्मिल
ram prasad bismil
| |
| poora nam | ram prasad bismil |
| janm | 11 joon, 1897 |
| janm bhoomi | shahajahaanpur, uttar pradesh |
| mrityu | 19 disanbar, 1927 |
| mrityu sthan | gorakhapur (jel mean) |
| abhibhavak | pandit muralidhar aur shrimati moolamati |
| nagarikata | bharatiy |
| prasiddhi | svatantrata senani, kavi, anuvadak, bahubhashavidh |
| dharm | hindoo dharm |
| vishesh yogadan | british samrajy ko dahala dene vale kakori kand ko ramaprasad bismil ne hi aanjam diya tha. |
| any janakari | ram prasad 'bismil ke likhe ‘sarafaroshi ki tamanna’ jaise amar git ne har bharatiy ke dil mean jagah banaee aur aangrezoan se bharat ki azadi ke lie vo chiangari chhe di jisane jvala ka roop lekar british shasan ke bhavan ko lakshagrih mean parivartit kar diya. |
ram prasad 'bismil' (aangrezi: Ram Prasad Bismil, janm- 11 joon, 1897 shahajahaanpur; mrityu- 19 disanbar, 1927 gorakhapur) bharat ke mahanh svatantrata senani hi nahian, balki uchch koti ke kavi, shayar, anuvadak, bahubhashavidh v sahityakar bhi the jinhoanne bharat ki azadi ke liye apane pranoan ki ahuti de di.
jivan parichay
pandit ramaprasad ‘bismil’ kisi parichay ke mohataj nahian. unake likhe ‘sarafaroshi ki tamanna’ jaise amar git ne har bharatiy ke dil mean jagah banaee aur aangrezoan se bharat ki azadi ke lie vo chiangari chhe di jisane jvala ka roop lekar british shasan ke bhavan ko lakshagrih mean parivartit kar diya. british samrajy ko dahala dene vale kakori kand ko ramaprasad bismil ne hi aanjam diya tha.
janm
jyeshth shukl 11 sanvath 1954 san 1897 mean pandit muralidhar ki dharmapatni ne dvitiy putr ko janm diya. is putr ka janm mainapuri mean hua tha. sambhavat: vahaan balak ka nanihal raha ho. is vishay mean shri vyathit hriday ne likha hai- 'yahaan yah bat b de ashchary ki maloom hoti hai ki bismil ke dada aur pita gvaliyar ke nivasi the. phir bhi unaka janm mainapuri mean kyoan hua? ho sakata hai ki mainapuri mean bismil ji ka nanihal raha ho.' is putr se poorv ek putr ki mrityu ho jane se mata-pita ka isake prati chintit rahana svabhavik tha. at: balak ke jivan ki raksha ke lie jisane jo upay bataya, vahi kiya gaya. balak ko anek prakar ke gande tabij adi bhi lagaye ge. balak janm se hi durbal tha. janm ke ek-do mah bad itana durbal ho gaya ki usake bachane ki asha hi bahut kam rah gee thi. mata-pita isase atyant chintit hue. unhean laga ki kahian yah bachcha bhi pahale bachche ki tarah hi chal n base. is par logoan ne kaha ki sambhavat: ghar mean hi koee bachchoan ka rog pravesh kar gaya hai. isake lie unhoanne upay sujhaya. bataya gaya ki ek bilkul safed kharagosh balak ke charoan or ghumakar chho d diya jae. yadi balak ko koee rog hoga to kharagosh turant mar jayega. mata-pita balak ki raksha ke lie kuchh bhi karane ko taiyar the, at: aisa hi kiya gaya. ashchary ki bat ki kharagosh turant mar gaya. isake bad bachche ka svasthy din par din sudharane laga. yahi balak age chalakar prasiddh krantikari amar shahid ramaprasad bismil ke nam se prasiddh hua.
shiksha
sat varsh ki avastha ho jane par balak ramaprasad ko pita pandit muralidhar ghar par hi hindi aksharoan ka jnan karane lage. us samay urdoo ka bolabala tha. at: ghar mean hindi shiksha ke sath hi balak ko urdoo padhane ke lie ek maulavi sahab ke pas makatab mean bheja jata tha. pandit muralidhar putr ki shiksha par vishesh dhyan dete the. padhaee ke mamale mean jara bhi laparavahi karane par balak ramaprasad ko pita ki mar bhi p dati rahati thi. hindi aksharoan ka jnan karate samay ek bar unhean bandook ke lohe ke gaj se itani mar p di thi ki gaj tedha ho gaya tha. apani is mar ka varnan karate hue unhoanne likha hai-
'balyakal se pitaji meri shiksha ka adhik dhyan rakhate the aur jara si bhool karane par bahut pitate the. mujhe ab bhi bhali-bhaanti smaran hai ki jab maian nagari ke akshar likhana sikh raha tha to mujhe 'u' likhana n aya. maianne bahut prayatn kiya. par jab pitaji kachahari chale gaye to maian bhi khelane chala gaya. pitaji ne kachahari se akar mujhase 'u' likhavaya, maian n likh saka. unhean maloom ho gaya ki maian khelane chala gaya tha. is par unhoanne mujhe bandook ke lohe ke gaj se itana pita ki gaj tedha p d gaya. maian bhagakar dadaji ke pas chala gaya, tab bacha.'
isake bad balak ramaprasad ne padhaee mean kabhi asavadhani nahian ki. vah parishram se padhane lage. vah athavian kaksha tak sada apani kaksha mean pratham ate the, kintu kusangati mean p d jane ke karan urdoo midil pariksha mean vah lagatar do varsh anuttirn ho ge. balak ki is avanati se ghar mean sabhi ko bahat du:kh hua. do bar ek hi pariksha mean anuttirn hone par balak ramaprasad ka man urdoo ki padhaee se uth gaya. unhoanne aangrezi padhane ki ichchha vyakt ki, kintu pita pandit muralidhar aangrezi padhane ke paksh mean nahian the. vah ramaprasad ko kisi vyavasay mean lagana chahate the. antat: maan ke kahane par unhean aangrezi padhane bheja gaya. aangrezi mean athavian pas karane ke bad navian mean hi vah ary samaj ke sampark mean aye, jisase unake jivan ki dasha hi badal gee.
dada-dadi ki chhatrachhaya
bachchoan ko ghar mean apane mata-pita se bhi adhik sneh apane dada-dadi se hota hai. balak ramaprasad bhi isake apavad nahian the. pitaji atyant sakht anushasan vale vyakti the. at: pitaji ke gusse se bachane ka upay ramaprasad ke lie apane dada shri narayan lal hi the. dadaji sidhe-sadhe, saral svabhav ke prani the. mukhy roop se sikke bechana hi unaka vyavasay tha. unhean achchhi nasl ki dudharoo gayean palane ka b da shauq tha. door-door se dudharoo gayean kharidakar late the aur pote ko khoob doodh pilate the. gayean itani sidhi thian ki balak ramaprasad jab-tab unaka than muanh mean lekar doodh piya karate the. dadaji ramaprasad ke svasthy par sada dhyan dete the. isake sath hi dadaji dharmik svabhav ke purush the. ve sada saanyakal shiv mandir mean jakar lagabhag do ghante tak pooja-bhajan ityadi karate the, jisaka balak ramaprasad par gahara prabhav p da. dadaji ka dehavasan lagabhag pachapan varsh ki ayu mean hua.
bhaee-bahan
pandit ramaprasad ke janm se poorv hi unake ek bhaee ki janm ke kuchh hi samay bad mrityu ho gee thi. ramaprasad ke bad unake ghar mean paanch bahanoan tatha tin bhaiyoan ka janm hua. inamean se do bhaee tatha do bahanean kuchh hi samay bad mrityu ko prapt ho ge. isake bad parivar mean do bhaee tatha tin bahanean rahian. unake parivar mean kanyaoan ki hatya kar di jati thi. unaki maan ke karan hi pahali bar is parivar mean kanyaoan ka palan-poshan hua. maan ki hi prerana se tinoan putriyoan ko apane samaj ke anusar achchhi shiksha di gee tatha unaka vivah bhi b di dhoom-dham se kiya gaya. pandit ramaprasad bismil ke balidan ke samay unake chhote bhaee sushichandr ki avastha keval das varsh thi. bad mean use tapedik ho gee thi, jo chikitsa ke abhav mean kuchh hi samay bad duniya se chal basa tha. tin bahanoan ka vivah ho gaya tha, jinamean se ek ki vivah ke bad mrityu ho gee thi. ek any bahan b de bhaee ramaprasad ki mrityu ka du:kh sahan nahian kar saki. usane vish khakar atmahatya kar li. keval ek bahan shastridevi hi shesh bachi. is karunakatha ka varnan shrimati shastridevi ne is prakar kiya hai-
do bahanean vivah ke bad mar gayian. ek chhoti bahan to jahar khakar mar gee. bhaee ko phaansi ka hukm hua sunakar usane jahar kha liya. usaki shadi bhaee ne ek zamiandar ke sath ki thi. vah ham se chh: mil ki doori par thi kuchela ke mauje mean. chhota bhaee bimar ho gaya tapedik ho gee thi. pitaji aspatal mean bharti kar aye. daktar ne kaha ki do sau rupaye do, ham thik kar sakate haian. pitaji ne kaha ki mere pas rupaye hote to yahaan kyoan ata. mujhe to gavarnameant ne bheant diya. l daka bhi gaya, paisa bhi gaya. ab to bahut din ho ge. ganesh shankar vidyarthi pandrah rupaye masik dete haian, unase gujar karata hooan. ek hafta aspatal mean raha, use khoon ke dast hue, chaubis ghante mean khatam ho gaya. dasavaan darja pas tha. vah bhi bolane mean bahut achchha tha. log kahate the ki yah bhi ramaprasad ki tarah kam karega. ab is samay mayake ke sare khanadan mean maian hi akeli abhagin rah gee hooan.
mamatamayi maan
pandit ramaprasad bismil ki maan poornataya ek ashikshit gramin mahila thian. vivah ke samay unaki avastha keval gyarah varsh ki thi. gyarah varsh ki navavadhoo ko ghareloo kamoan ki shiksha dene ke lie dadiji ne apani chhoti bahin ko bula liya tha. sambhavat: dadiji abhi tak kutaee-pisaee ka kam karati rahati thian, jisase bahoo ko kam sikhane ka samay nahian mil pata tha. kuchh hi dinoan mean unhoanne ghar ka sara kam bhojan banana adi achchhi tarah se sikh liya tha. ramaprasad jab 6 - 7 varsh ke ho gaye to mataji ne bhi hindi sikhana shuroo kiya. unake man mean padhane ki tivr ichchha thi. ghar ke kamoan ko nibatane ke bad vah apani kisi shikshit p dosin se likhana-padhana sikhane lagian. apani tivr lagan se vah kuchh hi samay mean hindi ki pustakean padhana sikh gayian. apani sabhi putriyoan ko bhi svayan unhoanne hi hindi aksharoan ka jnan karaya tha.
deshapremi mahila
balak ramaprasad ki dharm mean bhi ruchi thi, jisamean unhean apani mataji ka poora sahayog milata tha. vah putr ko isake lie nity prat: char baje utha deti thian. isake sath hi jab ramaprasad ki abhiruchi deshaprem ki or huee to maan unhean hathiyar kharidane ke lie yada-kada paise bhi deti rahati thian. vah sachche arthoan mean ek deshapremi mahila thian. bad mean jab ramaprasad ary samaj ke sampark mean aye to unake pitaji ne isaka bahut adhik virodh kiya, kintu maan ne unaki is bhavana ka samman kiya. ary samaj ke siddhaantoan ka un par paryapt prabhav p da. pahale vah ek paramparik brahman mahila thian, kintu ab unake vicharoan mean kafi udarata a gee thi.
sahasi mahila
pandit ramaprasad ki mataji ek sahasi mahila thian. mahanatam vipatti mean bhi dhairy n khona unake charitr ka ek sabase b da gun tha. vah kisi bhi vipatti mean sada apane putr ka utsah badhati rahati thian. putr ke du:khi athava adhir hone par vah apani mamatamayi vani se sada unhean saantvana deti thian. ramaprasad ke parivar mean kanyaoan ko janm lete hi mar dene ki ek kroor parampara rahi thi. is parampara ko unaki mataji ne hi to da tha. isake lie unhean apane parivar ke virodh ka bhi samana karana p da tha. dada aur dadi donoan kanyaoan ko mar dene ke paksh mean the aur bar-bar apani putravadhoo ko kanyaoan ko mar dene ki prerana dete the, kintu mataji ne isaka datakar virodh kiya aur apani putriyoan ke pranoan ki raksha ki. unhian ke karan is parivar mean pahali bar kanyaoan ka palan-poshan tatha vivah hua tha.
maan ke vyaktitv ka prabhav
apani maan ke vyaktitv ka ramaprasad bismil par gahara prabhav p da. apane jivan ki sabhi saphalataoan ka shrey unhoanne apani maan ko hi diya hai. maan ke prati apani shraddha vyakt karate hue unhoanne likha hai- "yadi mujhe aisi mata n milati to maian bhi atisadharan manushyoan ki bhaanti sansar chakr mean phansakar jivan nirvah karata. shikshadi ke atirikt kraantikari jivan mean bhi unhoanne meri vaisi hi sahayata ki, jaisi mejini ki unaki mata ne ki thi. mataji ka mere lie sabase b da upadesh yahi tha ki kisi ki pran n lo. unaka kahana tha ki apane shatru ko bhi kabhi pran dand n dena. unake is adesh ki poorti karane ke lie mujhe majabooran ek-do bar apani pratijna bhang karani p di."
janm datri janani! is jivan mean to tumhara rrin parishodh karane ka prayatn karane ka bhi avasar n mila. is janm mean to kya yadi anek janmoan mean bhi sare jivan prayatn karooan to bhi tumase urrin nahian ho sakata. jis prem tatha dridhata ke sath tumane is tuchchh jivan ka sudhar kiya hai, vah avarnaniy hai. mujhe jivan ki pratyek ghatana ka smaran hai ki tumane kis prakar apani devavani ka upadesh karake mera sudhar kiya hai. tumhari daya se hi maian desh seva mean sanlagn ho saka. dharmik jivan mean bhi tumhare hi protsahan ne sahayata di. jo kuchh shiksha maianne grahan ki usaka bhi shrey tumhian ko hai. jis manohar roop se tum mujhe upadesh karati thian, usaka smaran kar tumhari mangalamayi moorti ka dhyan a jata hai aur mastak nat ho jata hai. tumhean yadi mujhe prata dana bhi deni huee, to b de sneh se har bat ko samajha diya. yadi maianne dhrishtatapoorvak uttar diya, tab tumane prem bhare shabdoan mean yahi kaha ki tumhean jo achchha lage, vah karo, kintu aisa karana thik nahian, isaka parinam achchha n hoga. jivanadatri! tumane is sharir ko janm dekar palan-poshan hi nahian kiya, kintu atmik, dharmik tatha samajik unnati mean tumhian meri sadaiv sahayak rahian. janm-janmaantar paramatma aisi hi mata de.
uddand svabhav
ramaprasad bismil apane bachapan mean bahut shararati tatha uddand svabhav ke the. doosaroan ke bagoan ke phal to dane tatha any shararatean karane mean unhean b da anand ata tha. is par unhean apane pitaji ke krodh ka bhi samana karana p data tha. vah buri tarah pitate the, kintu isaka bhi un par koee prabhav nahian p data tha. ek bar kisi ke pe d se a doo to dane par unhean itani mar p di thi ki vah do din tak bistar se nahian uth sake the. apani atmakatha mean is ghatana ka varnan karate hue unhoanne likha hai-
'chhotepan mean maian bahut hi uddand tha. pitaji ke paryapt shasan rakhane par bhi bahut uddandata karata tha. ek bar kisi ke bag mean jakar a doo ke vrikshoan se sab a doo to d dale. mali pichhe dau da, kintu usake hath n aya. mali ne sab a doo pitaji ke samane la rakhe. us din pitaji ne mujhe itana pita ki maian do din tak uth n saka. isi prakar khoob pitata tha, kintu uddandata avashy karata tha. shayad us bachapan ki mar se hi yah sharir bahut kathor tatha sahanashil ban gaya tha.'
kishor avastha mean buri adatean
yah ek katu saty hai ki abhibhavakoan ki har achchhi-buri adatoan ka prabhav bachchoan par avashy hi p data hai. bhale hi abodh bachche apane b doan ki buri adatoan ka virodh nahian kar pate; parantu isase unake achetan man mean ek virodh ki bhavana ghar kar jati hai. kabhi-kabhi bachche svayan bhi un buri adatoan ki or akrisht ho jate haian, kyoanki unaka svabhav hi jijnasu hota hai. isake sath hi bachche ke sath mar-pit aur kathor vyavahar use jiddi bana deta hai. kadachith apane pita ki nashe ki adat tatha kathor vyavahar ka balak ram prasad par bhi dushprabhav p de bina rahian rah saka. pandit muralidhar ke ek mitr chatarji, jo ek kaimist the; unaki aangrezi davaoan ki dukan thi. chatarji mahashay anek prakar ke nashoan ke adi the. ek bar mean adhi chhataank charas pi jana unak lie samany si bat thi. bad mean unhean sharab ki bhi lat p d gee thi. antat: ye nashe unhean le doobe. unhean bimari ne jak d liya aur vah duniya se chal base. inhian chatarji mahashay se pandit muralidhar ka parichay dhire-dhire pragadh prem mean parivartit ho gaya. phalat: mitr ke sabhi durgun unamean bhi a ge. muralidhar bhi charas pine lage, jisase unake svasthy ki bhayankar hani huee. unaka sundar balavan sharir sookhakar kaanta ho gaya. unake mitroan tatha gharavaloan ko isase b di chinta huee. sabhi ne unhean tarah-tarah se samajhaya. tab kahian jakar bahut dinoan ke bad unaki charas pine ki adat chhoot paee.
chori aur sigaret
chaudah varsh ki avastha mean ram prasad urdoo ki chauthi kaksha mean uttirn hokar paanchavian kaksha mean pahuanche. apani is kishor avastha mean unamean anek durgun a ge. vah ghar se paisoan ki chori karana sikh ge. in paisoan se vah upanyas kharidate. upanyas padhana unaka priy shauq ban gaya. isake sath hi shrriangarik sahity tatha urdoo ki gazaloan ka bhi unhean chaska lag gaya. vah sigaret pina bhi sikh ge. yahi nahian bhaang ka bhi svad liya jane laga. inhian buri adatoan ke karan vah urdoo midil pariksha mean do sal anuttirn ho ge. balak ram prasad buri adatoan ke daladal mean phansate chale ge. isase bach pana unake lie kathin ho gaya. vah jis pustak vikreta se upanyas adi kharidate the, vah pandit muralidhar ka parichit tha. ram prasad ka adh:patan dekhakar use du:kh hua. at: usane isaki shikayat ram prasad ke pita se kar di. pita ji savadhan rahane lage. balak ram prasad bhi savadhan the. unhoanne usaki dukan se upanyas kharidana hi band kar diya. sambhavat: bhagavan ko ram prasad ka yah patan svikar nahian tha. ek bar vah bhaang ke nashe mean doobe hue pitaji ke sandook mean hath saf kar rahe the. itane mean asavadhani se sandook ki kundi zor se khatak p di. ise unaki mataji ne sun liya, aur vah range hathoan pak de ge. unhoanne pitaji ke sandook ki doosari chabi banava li thi. is par unake apane sandook mean dekha gaya. usamean anek upanyas, gazaloan ki kitabean tatha rupaye bhi rakhe mile. sabhi pustakean pha dakar jala di geean. isake bad unaki sabhi gatividhiyoan par vishesh dhyan diya jane laga. pitaji ne apane sandook ka tala hi badal diya. ram prasad buri adatoan ke shikar ho chuke the. adatoan ka chhootana itana asan nahian tha. yadyapi vah sudharane ka poora prayatn karate, kintu sigaret chho d pana unake lie b da kathin ho gaya tha. jab bhi unhean mauka milata, vah apani maan ke paisoan par hath saf karane se bhi nahian chookate. parantu maan ke pas itane paise nahian rahate the ki unake pahale ki tarah sabhi shauq poore ho sakean. ab svat: apani buraee ka abhas hone laga ki aisa karana achchha nahian tha.
buraiyoan se mukti
apani in buri adatoan ke karan ram prasad midil kaksha mean do varsh anuttirn ho ge. unaki ichchha par unhean aangrezi skool mean pravesh dilava diya gaya. unake ghar ke pas hi ek mandir tha. inhian dinoan is mandir mean ek naye pujari ji a ge; jo b de hi udar aur charitravan vyakti the. ram prasad apane dada ji ke sath pahale se hi mandir mean jane lage the. naye pujariji se bhi ram prasad prabhavit hue. vah nity mandir mean ane-jane lage. pujari ji ke sampark mean vah pooja-path adi bhi sikhane lage. pujari ji pooja-path ke sath hi unhean sanyam-sadachar, brahmachary adi ka bhi upadesh dete the. in sabaka ram prasad par gahara prabhav p da. vah samay ka sadupayog karane lage. unaka adhikatar samay padhane tatha eeshvar ki upasana mean hi bitane laga. unhean is kary mean anand ane laga. isake sath hi vah vyayam bhi niyamit roop se karane lage. unaki sabhi buri adatean chhoot geean, kintu sigaret chho dana kathin lag raha tha. is samay vah pratidin lagabhag pachas-sath sigaret pi jate the. is buraee ko n chho d pane ka unhean du:kh tha. vah samajhate the, sambhavat: unaki yah buri adat kabhi nahian chhoot payegi. urdoo skool chho dakar unhoanne mishan skool ki paanchavian kaksha mean nam likha liya. yahaan unaka apane sahapathi sushilachandr sen se vishesh prem ho gaya. apane isi sahapathi ke sampark mean ane par unaki sigaret pine ki adat bhi chhoot gee.
naya vishvas-naya jivan
jin dinoan ram prasad apane ghar ke pas vale mandir mean eeshvar ki aradhana karate the, tabhi unaka parichay muanshi indrajit se hua, jo ary samaji vicharadhara ke the. unaka mandir ke pas hi rahane vale kisi sajjan ke ghar ana jana tha. ram prasad ki dharm mean abhiruchi dekhakar muanshi indrajit ne unhean sandhya upasana karane ka paramarsh diya. ram prasad ne sandhya vishay mean unase vistar se poochha. muanshi ji ne sandhya ka mahatv tatha upasana ki vidhi unhean samajhaee. isake bad unhoanne ram prasad ko ary samaj ke siddhantoan ke bare mean bhi bataya aur padhane ke lie satyarth prakash diya. satyarth prakash padhane par ram prasad ke vichar mean ek abhootapoorv parivartan aya. unhean vaidik dharm ko janane ka suavasar prapt hua. isase unake jivan mean naye vicharoan aur vishvasoan ka janm hua. unhean ek naya jivan mila. unhean saty, sanyam, brahmachary ka mahatv adi samajh mean aya. unhoanne akhand brahmachary vrat ka pran kiya. isake lie unhoanne apani poori jivanacharya hi badal dali.
kumar sabha ki sadasyata
ary samaj se prabhavit yuvakoan ne ary samaj mandir mean kumar sabha ki sthapana ki thi. pratyek shukravar ko kumar sabha ki ek baithak hoti thi. yah sabha dharmik pustakoan par bahas, nibandh lekhan, vad-vivad adi ka ayojan karati thi. ram prasad bhi isake sadasy the. yahian se unhoanne sarvajanik roop mean bolana prarambh kiya. kumar sabha ke sadasy shahar tatha as-pas lagane vale meloan mean ary samaj ke siddhantoan ka prachar karate the tatha bazaroan mean bhi is vishay mean vyakhyan dete the. is prakar ka prachar kary musalamanoan ko sahan nahian hua. sampradayik vaimanasy badhane ka khatara dikhaee dene laga. at: bazaroan mean vyakhyan dene par pratibandh laga diya gaya. ary samaj ke b de-b de neta log kumar sabha ke sadasyoan ko apane sanketoan par nachana chahate the, parantu yuvak unaka niyantran svikar karane ko kisi prakar taiyar n the. at: kumar sabha ke lie ary samaj mean tala laga diya gaya. unhean mandir mean sabha n karane ke lie badhy kar diya gaya. sath hi chetavani di gee ki unhoanne mandir mean sabha ki to unhean pulis dvara bahar nikalava diya jayega. isase yuvakoan ko b di nirasha huee, unhean aisi asha nahian thi. phir bhi ve do-tin mahinoan tak maidan mean hi apani saptahik baithak karate rahe. sada aisa karana sambhav nahian tha. at: kumar sabha samapt ho gee. bujurg ary samajiyoan ne apani netagiri dikhane ke lie yuvakoan ki bhavanaoan ki hatya kar di.
akhil bharatiy kumar sabha ka sammelan
kumar sabha ke toot jane par bhi usaka shahar ki janata par achchha prabhav p d chuka tha. lakhanoo mean sampann hone vale kaangres ke adhiveshan ke sath hi ‘akhil bharatiy kumar sabha’ ka bhi varshik sammelan hone vala tha. ram prasad isamean bhag lene ke ichchhuk the. isamean bhag lene par kaangres ka adhiveshan dekhane ka bhi avasar mil jata. unhoanne apani yah ichchha apane ghar valoan ke samane rakhi, kintu unake pitaji tatha dadaji isase sahamat nahian hue. donoan ne isaka prabal virodh kiya, keval unaki mataji ne hi unhe vahaan bhejane ka samarthan kiya. unhoanne putr ko vahaan jane ke lie kharcha bhi diya, jisake karan unhean pati ki daant-phatakar ka bhi samana karana p da. ram prasad lakhanoo ge tatha akhil bharatiy kumar sammelan mean bhag liya. is sammelan mean lahaur tatha shahajahaanpur ki kumar sabhaoan ko hi sabase adhik puraskar prapt hue. desh ke sabhi pramukh samachar patroan ne is samachar ko prakashit kiya tha.
astr-shastroan se lagav
pandit ram prasad bismil jin dinoan mishan skool mean vidyarthi the, tatha kumar sabha ki baithakoan mean bhag lete the, unhian dinoan mishan skool ke ek any vidyarthi se unaka parichay hua. vah vidyarthi bhi kumar sabha ki baithakoan mean ata tha. ram prasad bismil ke bhashanoan ka us par prabhav p da. donoan ka parichay dhire-dhire gahari mitrata mean badal gaya. vah bhi ram prasad bismil ke p dos mean hi rahata tha aur pas ke hi kisi gaanv ka rahane vala tha. vah jis gaanv ka rahane vala tha, us gaanv mean pratyek ghar mean bina laisens ke hathiyar rahate the. isi prakar ke bandooq, tamanche adi gaanv mean hi banate the. sabhi hathiyar topidar hote the. is mitr ke pas bhi gaanv mean hi bana ek nali ka ek chhota-sa pistaul tha, jise vah apane pas hi rakhata tha. usane vah pistaul, ram prasad bismil ko rakhane ke lie de diya. ram prasad bismil ke man mean bhi hathiyar rakhane ki tivr ichchha thi. unake pita pandit muralidhar ki kee logoan se shatruta thi, jisake karan unake shatruoan ne un par kee bar lathiyoan se prahar kiya tha. kishor ram prasad isaka badala lena chahate the. is pistaul ke mil jane par unhean b di prasannata huee. unhoanne use chalakar dekha, kintu vah kisi kam ka bhi n tha. at: unhoanne use yoan hi dhar ke kisi kone mean pheank diya. is mitr se ram prasad bismil ka prem atyant badh gaya. donoan sath-sath uthate-baithate aur khana khate. sham ko ram prasad apane ghar se khana lekar usi ke pas pahuanch jate. ek din us mitr ke pitaji gaanv se usase milane ae. unhean in donoan ki itani gahari mitrata pasand nahian aee. unhoanne ram prasad ko vahaan n ane ki chetavani di aur kaha ki yadi vah n mane to unako gaanv se gunde bulavakar buri tarah pitava diya jayega. phalat: isake bad ram prasad bismil ne us mitr ke pas jana chho d diya, parantu vah unake ghar barabar ata raha.
hathiyar kharidane ki ichchha
hathiyar kharidane ki unaki ichchha din-pratidin badhati hi gee. vah hathiyar kharidane ke lie nirantar prayatn karate rahe, kintu koee saphalata nahian mili. isi bich unhean apani bahin ke vivah par gvaliyar jane ka avasar mila. unhoanne suna tha ki gvaliyar rajy mean hathiyar saralata se mil jate haian. isake lie unhoanne apani maan se paise maange. maan ne unhean lagabhag 125 rupaye die. ram prasad bismil hathiyaroan ki khoj mean chal die. vah is avasar ko hath se jane dena nahian chahate the. hathiyaroan ki khoj mean vah kee jagahoan par ghoome. topi vale pistaul tatha bandooqean to bahut mil jati thi, kintu karatoosi hathiyar nahian dikhaee dete the. vastut: unhean hathiyaroan ki pahachan bhi nahian thi. ant mean unaki mulakat ek vyakti se huee, jisane unhean asali rivalvar dene ka vayada kiya. ram prasad bismil us vyakti ke sath gaye. usane unhean paanch goliyoan vala rivalvar diya aur usaki qimat 75 rupaye lagaee. ram prasad bismil ne yah rivalvar kharid liya. isase vah b de prasann the. yah rivalvar bhi topi se chalata tha. isamean barood bhari jati thi. us vyakti ne rivalvar ke sath tho di-si barood aur kuchh topiyaan bhi di thian. rivalvar lekar ram prasad bismil shahajahaanpur ae. rivalvar kitane kam ka hai, yah dekhane ke lie unhoanne usaka parikshan karana chaha. barood uttam shreni ki nahian thi. pahali bar usamean barood bharakar unhoanne fayar kiya, kintu goli keval 15-20 gaj ki doori par hi giri. unhean isase b di nirasha huee. spasht tha ki vah thag liye ge the. gvaliyar se lautane par mataji ne poochha, ‘kya laye ho?’ to ram prasad bismil ko apani asaphalata se sab batane ka sahas nahian hua, at: unhoanne bat tal di aur shesh paise maan ko lauta die.
videshi rajy ke viruddh pratijna
lahaur sh dayantr ke mamale mean san 1915 mean prasiddh krantikari bhaee paramanand ko phaansi suna di gee. ramaprasad bismil bhaee paramanand ke vicharoan se prabhavit the aur unake hriday mean is mahanh deshabhakt ke lie apar shraddha thi. is phaisale ka samachar padhakar bismil ka deshanurag jag p da. unhoanne usi samay aangrezoan ke atyacharoan ko mitane tatha matribhoomi ki svatantrata ke lie satat prayatn karane ki pratijna li. yadyapi bhaee paramanand ki phaansi ki saza ko bad mean mahamana madanamohan malaviy tatha deshabandhu endryooj ke prayatnoan se ajanm karavas mean badal diya gaya, kintu ramaprasad bismil jivan paryant apani pratijna par atal rahe. is pratijna ke bad unaka ek naya jivan prarambh hua. pahale vah ek samany madhyamavargiy parivar ke putr the, isake bad vah aryasamaj se prabhavit hue aur ek sachche sattvik aryasamaji bane tatha is pratijna ke bad unaka jivan matribhoomi ke lie samarpit ho gaya. yah unake hriday mean desh prem ke bij ka pratham aankuran tha.
kraantikariyoan se sanpark
lakhanoo kaangres adhiveshan mean bhag lene ke lie jane par ramaprasad bismil kuchh kraantikari vicharoan vale yuvakoan ke sampark mean ae. in yuvakoan ka mat tha ki desh ki tatkalin durdasha ke ekamatr karan aangrez hi the. ramaprasad bhi in vicharoan se prabhavit hue. at: desh ki svatantrata ke lie unake man kuchh vishesh kam karane ka vichar aya. yahian unhean yah bhi jnat hua ki kraantikariyoan ki ek gupt samiti bhi hai. is samiti ke mukhy uddeshy kraantikari marg se desh ki svatantrata prapt karana tha. vah sab jnat hone par bismil ke man mean bhi is samiti ka sadasy banane ki tivr ichchha huee. vah samiti ke karyoan mean sahayog dene lage. apane ek mitr ke madhyam se isake sadasy ban ge aur tho de hi samay mean vah samiti ki karyakarini ke sadasy bana liye ge. is samiti ke sadasy banane ke bad bismil phir apane ghar shahajahaanpur a ge. samiti ke pas ay ka koee srot n hone se dhan ki bahut kami thi. at: isake lie kuchh dhan sangrah karane ke lie unake man mean ek pustak prakashit karane ka vichar aya. pustak prakashit karane ke lie bhi rupayoan ki avashyakata thi. at: unhoanne ek chal chali. apani maan se kaha ki vah kuchh kam karana chahate haian, isase avashy labh hoga, at: isake lie pahale kuchh rupayoan ki avashyakata hai. maan ne unhean do sau rupaye die. unhoanne 'amerika ko svatantrata kaise mili' nam ki ek pustak pahale hi likh li thi. pustak ko prakashit karane ka prabandh kiya gaya. isake lie phir se do sau rupayoan ki avashyakata p di. is bar bhi maan se do sau rupaye aur lie. pustak prakashit huee. isaki kuchh pratiyaan bik gee, jinase lagabhag chh: sau rupayoan ki ay huee. pahale maan se lie hue char sau rupaye lauta die ge. phir 'matridevi' samiti ki or se ek parcha prakashit kiya gaya, jisaka shirshak tha- 'deshavasiyoan ke nam sandesh'. samiti ke sabhi sadasy aur bhi adhik utsah se kam karane lage. yah parcha sanyukt praant ke anek ziloan mean chipakaya gaya aur vitarit kiya gaya. shighr hi sarakar chaukanni ho gee, at: sanyukt praant ki sarakar ne is parche tatha poorv likhit pustak, donoan ko jabt kar liya.
kakori kand
[[chitr:Bismil-Ashfaqua-stamp.jpg|thumb|ram prasad bismil aur ashafaq ulla khaan ke samman mean jari dak tikat]]
- REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy
ram prasad bismil ke netritv mean 10 logoan ne suniyojit karravaee ke tahat yah kary karane ki yojana banaee. 9 agast, 1925 ko lakhanoo ke kakori namak sthan par deshabhaktoan ne rel vibhag ki le jaee ja rahi sangrahit dhanarashi ko loota. unhoanne tren ke gard ko bandook ki noank par kaboo kar liya. gard ke dibbe mean lohe ki tizori ko to dakar akramanakari dal char hazar rupaye lekar pharar ho ge. is dakaiti mean ashaphakulla, chandrashekhar azad, rajendr lahi di, sachindr sanyal, manmathanath gupt, ram prasad bismil adi shamil the. kakori shadyantr muqadame ne kafi logoan ka dhyan khiancha. isake karan desh ka rajanitik vatavaran aveshit ho gaya.
mahaprayan
sabhi prakar se mrityu dand ko badalane ke lie ki gayi daya prarthanaoan ke asvikrit ho jane ke bad bismil apane mahaprayan ki taiyari karane lage. apane jivan ke aantim dinoan mean gorakhapur jel mean unhoanne apani atmakatha likhi. phaansi ke takhte par jhoolane ke tin din pahale tak vah ise likhate rahe. is vishay mean unhoanne svayan likha hai-
'aj 16 disambar, 1927 ee. ko nimnalikhit panktiyoan ka ullekh kar raha hooan, jabaki 19 disambar, 1927 ee. somavar (paush krishna 11 sanvat 1984) ko sadhe chh: baje prat: kal is sharir ko phaansi par lataka dene ki tithi nishchit ho chuki hai. atev niyat sima par ihalila sanvaran karani hogi.'
unhean in dinoan gorakhapur jel ki nau phit lambi tatha itani hi chau di ek kothari mean rakha gaya tha. isamean keval chh: phit lamba, do phit chau da daravaza tha tatha do phit lambi, ek phit chau di ek khi daki thi. isi kothari mean bhojan, snan, sona, nity karm adi sabhi kuchh karana p data tha. mushkil se ratri mean do char ghante niand a pati thi. mitti ke bartanoan mean khana, kambaloan ka bistar, ekadam ekantik jivanacharya yahi unake aantim din the. is sabaka unhoanne apani atmakatha mean b da hi marmik varnan kiya hai.
phaansi se ek din poorv
phaansi ke ek din poorv bismil ke pita aantim mulakat ke lie gorakhapur aye. kadachith maan ka hriday is aghat ko sahan n kar sake, aisa vichar kar vah bismil ki maan ko sath nahian laye. bismil ke dal ke sathi shiv varma ko lekar aantim bar putr se milane jel pahuanche, kintu vahaan pahuanchane par unhean yah dekhakar ashcharyachakit rah jana p da ki maan vahaan pahale hi pahuanchi thian. shiv varma ko kya kahakar aandar le jaean, aisa kuchh soch pate, maan ne shiv varma ko chup rahane ka sanket kiya aur poochhane par bata diya. 'meri bahin ka l daka hai.' sab log aandar pahuanche, maan ko dekhate hi bismil ro p de. unaka matri sneh aankhoan se um d p da, kintu vir janani maan ne ek viraangana ki tarah putr ko usake kartavy ka bodh karate hue ooanche svar mean kaha-
'maian to samajhati thi ki mera beta bahadur hai, jisake nam se aangrez sarakar bhi kaanpati hai. mujhe nahian pata tha ki vah maut se darata hai. yadi tumhean rokar hi marana tha, to vyarth is kam mean kyoan ae.'
tab bismil ne kaha, 'ye maut ke dar ke aansoo nahian haian. yah maan ka sneh hai. maut se maian nahian darata maan tum vishvas karo.' isake bad maan ne shiv varma ka hath pak dakar age kar daya aur kaha ki parti ke lie jo bhi sandesh dena ho, inase kah do. maan ke is vyavahar se jel ke adhikari bhi atyant prabhavit hue. isake bad unaki apane pita ji se batean hueean, phir sab laut p de.
phaansi ka din
19 disambar, 1927 ki prat: bismil nity ki tarah char baje uthe. nityakarm, snan adi ke bad sandhya upasana ki. apani maan ko patr likha aur phir mahaprayan bela ki pratijna karane lage. niyat samay par bulane vale a ge. 'vande mataram' tatha 'bharat mata ki jay' ka udghosh karate hue bismil unake sath chal p de aur b de manoyog se gane lage-
malik teri raja rahe aur too hi too rahe.
baki n maian rahooan n meri arajoo rahe..
jab tak ki tan mean jan ragoan mean lahoo rahe.
tera hi zikr ya teri hi justajoo rahe..
phaansi ke takhte ke pas pahuanche. takhte par chadhane se pahale unhoanne apani aantim ichchha vyakt ki-
I Wish the downfall of British Empire
arthat 'maian british samrajy ka nash chahata hooan' isake bad unhoanne paramatma ka smaran karate hue nimnalikhit vaidik mantroan ka path kiya-
ooan vishvani dev savitarduritani parasuv.
yadh bhadran tann a suv..
'he paramatma! sabhi achchhaiyaan hamean pradan karo aur buraiyoan ko hamase door karo' ityadi mantroan ka path karate hue vah phaansi ke phande par jhool gaye.
aantim sanskar
jis samay ramaprasad bismil ko phaansi lagi us samay jel ke bahar vishal janasamuday unake aantim darshanoan ki pratiksha kar raha tha. jel ke charoan or pulis ka k da pahara tha. shav janata ko de diya gaya. janata ne bismil ki arthi ko samman ke sath shahar mean ghumaya. logoan ne us par sugandhit padarth, phool tatha paise barasaye. hazaroan log unaki shavayatra mean sammilit hue. unaka aantim sanskar vaidik mantroan ke sath kiya gaya.
- REDIRECTsaancha:inhean bhi dekhean
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ramaprasad bismil lekhak:- d aau. bhavanasianh rana prakashak:- dayamand paket buks