रामलीला
ramalila
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| vivaran | 'ramalila' uttari bharat mean paramparagat roop se khela jane vala ram ke charit par adharit natak hai. yah prayah vijay dashami ke avasar par khela jata hai. |
| mukhy patr | ram, sita, lakshman, ravan, meghanad, kuanbhakarn, bharat, shatrughn |
| ayojan tithi | sitanbar aur aktoobar mah mean dashahara parv ke dauran |
| mukhy lila sthal (nagar) | ayodhya, banaras, mathura, vriandavan (sabhi uttar pradesh), dilli, almo da (uttarakhand) aur madhubani (bihar) |
| sanbandhit lekh | ramacharitamanas, vijay dashami, rasalila |
| any janakari | lok naty ke roop mean prachalit is ramalila ka desh ke vividh prantoan mean alag alag tariqoan se manchan kiya jata hai. |
ramalila uttari bharat mean paramparagat roop se khela jane vala ram ke charit par adharit natak hai. yah prayah vijayadashami ke avasar par khela jata hai. dashahara utsav mean ramalila bhi mahatvapoorn hai. ramalila mean ram, sita aur lakshman ki jivan ka vrittaant ka varnan kiya jata hai. ramalila natak ka manchan desh ke vibhinn kshetroan mean hota hai. yah desh mean alag-alag tariqe se manaya jata hai. bangal aur madhy bharat ke alava dashahara parv desh ke any rajyoan mean kshetriy vishamata ke bavajood ek saman utsah aur shauq se manaya jata hai.
itihas
samudr se lekar himalay tak prakhyat ramalila ka adi pravartak kaun hai, yah vivadaspad prashn hai. bhavuk bhaktoan ki drishti mean yah anadi hai. ek kianvadanti ka sanket hai ki treta yug mean shriramachandr ke vanagamanoparaant ayodhyavasiyoan ne 14 varsh ki viyogavadhi ram ki bal lilaoan ka abhinay kar bitaee thi. tabhi se isaki paranpara ka prachalan hua. ek any janashruti se yah pramanit hota hai ki isake adi pravartak megha bhagat the jo kashi ke katuapur muhalle mean sthit phutahe hanuman ke nikat ke nivasi mane jate haian. [[chitr:Ravana-Ramlila-Mathura-2.jpg|thumb|left|dashanan ravan, ramalila, mathura]] ek bar purushottam ramachandr ji ne inhean svapn mean darshan dekar lila karane ka adesh diya taki bhakt janoan ko bhagavanh ke chakshush darshan ho sakean. isase satprerana pakar inhoanne ramalila sanpann karaee. tatparinamasvaroop thik bharat milap ke mangal avasar par aradhy dev ne apani jhalak dekar inaki kamana poorn ki. kuchh logoan ke matanusar ramalila ki abhinay paranpara ke pratishthapak gosvami tulasidas haian, inhoanne hiandi mean jan manoranjanakari natakoan ka abhav pakar isaka shriganesh kiya. inaki prerana se ayodhya aur kashi ke tulasi ghat par pratham bar ramalila huee thi.
ramalila: kitane rang, kitane roop
dakshin-poorv eshiya ke itihas mean kuchh aise praman milate haian jisase jnat hota hai ki is kshetr mean prachin kal se hi ramalila ka prachalan tha. java ke samrat valituang ke ek shilalekh mean ek samaroh ka vivaran hai jisake anusar sijaluk ne uparyukt avasar par nrity aur git ke sath ramayan ka manoranjak pradarshan kiya tha. is shilalekh ki tithi 907 ee. hai. thaee naresh boramatrayi (brahmatrayi) lokanath ki rajabhavan niyamavali mean ramalila ka ullekh hai jisaki tithi 1458 ee. hai. barma ke raja ne 1767 ee. mean syam (thaeelaid) par akraman kiya tha. yuddh mean syam parajit ho gaya. vijeta samrat any bahumooly samagriyoan ke sath ramalila kalakaroan ko bhi barma le gaya. barma ke rajabhavan mean thaee kalakaroan dvara ramalila ka pradarshan hone laga. maikel saimans ne barma ke rajabhavan mean ram natak 1794 ee. mean dekha tha. agney eshiya ke vibhinn deshoan mean ramalila ke anek nam aur roop haian. unhean pradhanat: do vargoan mean vibhajit kiya ja sakata hai-
- mukhauta ramalila
- chhaya ramalila
mukhauta ramalila
[[chitr:Ramlila-Mathura-6.jpg|thumb|250px|dashahara, ramalila maidan mathura]]
mukhota ramalila ke aantargat iandoneshiya aur maleshiya ke 'lakhon', kanpoochiya ke 'lkhonakhol' tatha barma ke 'yamapve' ka pramukh sthan hai. iandoneshiya aur maleshiya mean 'lakhon' ke madhyam se ramayan ke anek prasangoan ko manchit kiya jata hai. kanpoochiya mean ramalila ka abhinay lkhonakhol ke madhyam ke hota hai. 'lkhon' iandoneshaee mool ka shabd hai jisaka arth natak hai. kanpoochiya ki bhasha khamer mean khol ka arth bandar hota hai. isalie 'lkhonakhol' ko bandaroan ka natak ya hasy natak kaha ja sakata hai. 'lkhonakhol' vastut: ek prakar ka nrity natak hai jisamean kalakar vibhinn prakar ke mukhaute lagakar apani-apani bhoomika nibhate haian. isake abhinay mean mukhy roop se gramy parivesh ke logoan ki bhagidari hota hai. kanpoochiya ke rajabhavan mean ramayan ke pramukh prasangoan ka abhinay hota tha.
mukhauta natak ke madhyam se pradarshit ki jane vali ramalila ko thaeelaiand mean 'khaun' kaha jata hai. isamean sanvad ke atirikt nrity, git evan hav-bhav pradarshan ki pradhanata hoti hai. 'khaun' ka nrity bahut kathin aur samay sadhy hai. isamean git aur sanvad ka prasaran parde ke pichhe se hota hai. keval vidooshak apana sanvad svayan bolata hai. mukhauta keval danav aur bandar-bhaloo ki bhoomika nibhane vale abhineta hi lagate haian. devata aur manav patr mukhaute dharan nahian karate.
[[chitr:Ramlila-Mathura-3.jpg|thumb|left|ram janm,ramalila, mathura]]
barma ki mukhauta ramalila ko 'yamapve' kaha jata hai. barma ki ramalila syam se ayi thi. isalie isake git, vady aur nrity par syami prabhav ko nakara nahian ja sakata, kiantu vastavikata yah hai ki barma ane ke bad yah syam ki ramalila nahian rah gayi, balki yah poori tarah barma ke rang mean doob gayi. barma ke log hasyaras ke premi hote haian. isalie yamapve mean vidooshak ki pradhanata hoti hai. aisi sthiti bahut kam hoti hai, jab vidooshak rangamanch par upasthit n ho. ramalila aranbh hone ke poorv ek-do ghante tak has-parihas aur nrity-git ka karyakram chalata rahata hai.
chhaya ramalila
vividhata aur vichitrata ke karan chhaya natak ke madhyam se pradarshit ki jane vali ramalila mukhauta ramalila se bhi nirali hai. isamean java tatha maleshiya ke 'veyaang' aur thaeelaiand ke 'nang' ka vishisht sthan hai. japani bhasha mean 'veyaang' ka arth chhaya hai. isalie yah aangrezi mean 'shaidople' aur hindi mean 'chhaya natak' ke nam se vikhyat hai. isake aantargat safed parde ko prakashit kiya jata hai aur usake samane cham de ki putaliyoan ko is prakar nachaya jata hai ki usaki chhaya parde par p de. chhaya natak ke madhyam se ramalila ka pradarshan pahale tibbat aur mangoliya mean bhi hota tha. thaeelaiand mean chhaya-ramalila ko 'nang' kaha jata hai. nang ke do roop hai-
- 'nangayaee'
- 'nangatuluang'.
nang ka arth charm ya cham da aur yaee ka arth b da hai. 'nangayaee' ka tatpary cham de ki b di putaliyoan se hai. isaka akar ek se do mitar lanba hota hai. isamean do dande lage hote haian. nat donoan hathoan se dande ko pak dakar putaliyoan ke oopar uthakar nachata hai. isaka prachalan ab lagabhag samapt ho gaya hai.
'nang tuluang' dakshini thaeelaiand mean manoranjan ka lokapriy sadhan hai. isaki charm putaliyaan nangayaee ki apeksha bahut chhoti hoti haian. nang tuluang ke madhyam se mukhy roop se thaee ramayan ramakiyen ka pradarshan hota hai. thaeelaiand ke 'nang tuluang' aur java tatha maleshiya ke 'veyaang kulit' mean bahut samanata hai. veyaang kulit ko veyang poorva athava veyaang jav bhi kaha jata hai. yatharth yah hai ki thaeelaiand, malayeshiya aur iandoneshiya mean vibhinn namoan se isaka pradarshan hota hai.
[[chitr:Ravana-Ramlila-Mathura-9.jpg|thumb|250px|ravan dahan, ramalila, mathura]]
veyaang
veyaang pradarshit karane vale mukhy kalakar ko 'dalaang' kaha jata hai. vah natak ka keandr bindu hota hai. vah baje ki dhvani par putaliyoan ko nachata hai. isake atirikt vah gata bhi hai. vah avaz badal-badal kar bari-bari se vibhinn patroan ke sanvadoan ko bhi bolata hai, kiantu jab putaliyaan bolati rahati haian, baje band rahate haian. veyaang mean dalaang ke atirikt samanyat: barah vyakti hote haian, kiantu vyavahar mean inaki sankhya nau ya das hoti hai. 'veyaang' mean samanyat: 148 putaliyaan hoti haian jinamean semar ka sthan sarvochch hai. semar eeshvar ka pratik hai aur usi ki tarah aparibhashit aur varnanatit bhi. usaki gol akriti is tathy ka soochak hai ki usaka n adi hai aur n aant. usake nari ki tarah stan aur purush ki tarah mooanchh haian. is prakar vah arddhanarishvar ka pratik hai. java mean semar ko shiv ka b da bhaee mana jata hai. vah kabhi kayangan (svarg lok) mean nivas karata tha, jahaan usaka nam eesamay tha. veyaang ka sanbandh keval manoranjan se hi nahian, pratyut adhyatmik sadhana se bhi hai.[1]
paranpara aur shailiyaan
ram ki katha ko natak ke roop mean manch par pradarshit karane vali ramalila bhi 'hari anant hari katha ananta' ki tarz par vashtav mean kitani vividh shailiyoan vali hai, isaka khulasa inhduja avashthi ne apane shodh-prabandh 'ramalila : paranpara aur shailiyaan' mean b de vishtar se kiya hai. ianduja avashthi ke is shodh prabandh ki visheshata yah hai ki yah shodh pushtakalayoan mean baithakar n likha jakar vishay ke anuroop (ramalila) maidanoan mean ghoom-ghoom kar likha gaya hai. ramakatha to khhyat katha hai, kiantu jis prakar vah bharat bhar ki vibhinhn bhashaoan mean abhivhyakht huee hai to us bhasha, us shthan aur us samaj ki kuchh niji vishishhtataean bhi usamean anayas hi samahit ho gee haian - ranganath ramayan aur kritivas ya bhavarth ramayan aur asamiya ramayan ki mool katha ek hote hue bhi apane-apane bhasha-bhashi samaj ki 'ramakathaean' ban gee haian. [[chitr:Ravana-Ramlila-Mathura-12.jpg|left|thumb|ravan, ramalila, mathura]] samooche uttar bharat mean aj ramalila ka jo shvaroop vikasit hua hai usake janak goshvami tulasidas hi mane jate haian, aur yah bhi sach hai ki in sabhi ramalilaoan mean ramacharitamanas ka gayan, usake sanvad aur prasangoan ki ek tarah se pramukhata rahati hai. baboo shhyamasuandar das hoan, kuanvar chandraprakash sianh hoan ya phir achary vishhvanathaprasad mishr sabhi ki yah manhyata hai ki ramalila ke vartaman shvaroop ke udghatak, pravartak aur prasarak mahathma tulasidas haian. kiantu yah bhi sach nahian hai ki tulasi ke poorv ramalila thi hi nahian, haan yah avashhy hai ki goshvami tulasidas ke ramacharitamanas ke pashhchath phir ramalilaoan ka adhar yahi ramacharitamanas hi ho gaya. ram ki barat nikalane par us pranhtar ke sabhi nivasi manoan raja janak ke puravasi banakar doolhhe ka sathkar karate haian, ram-vanagaman ke samay ram-lakshman aur sita ke pichhe ashru-vilagit janata apane ko ayodhhyavasi samajhati huee aansoo bahati chalati hai. yah nishchit roop se kaha ja sakata hai ki chahe ram-katha ki mahati sankalhpana ke karan ho, chahe ramacharitamanas ki lok pratishhtha ke karan ho, ramalila mean darshakoan ka jitana sanpoorn sahayog hota hai utana aur kisi bhi natyaroop mean mil pana kathin hi hai, aur yah tathhy is lila natak ko ek abhootapoorv aur sashakht ayam deta hai.[2]
kumaooanni ramalila
[[chitr:Sita-Haran-Ramlila-Mathura-5.jpg|thumb|sita haran, ramalila, mathura]] bhagavan ram ki katha par adharit ramalila natak ke manchan ki paranpara bharat mean yugoan se chali ayi hai. lok naty ke roop mean prachalit is ramalila ka desh ke vividh prantoan mean alag alag tariqoan se manchan kiya jata hai. uttarakhand khasakar kumayooan aanchal mean ramalila mukhyat: git-naty shaili mean prastut ki jati hai. vastutah poorv mean yahaan ki ramalila vishuddh maukhik paranpara par adharit thi, jo pidhi dar pidhi lok manas mean rachati-basati rahi. shastriy sangit ke tamam pakshoan ka jnan n hote hue bhi log sunakar hi in par adharit gitoan ko sahajata se yad kar lete the. poorv mean tab aj ke saman suvidhaean n ke barabar thian sthaniy bujurg logoan ke anusar us samay ki ramalila mashal, lalaten v paitromaiks ki roshani mean manchit ki jati thi. kumayooan mean ramalila natak ke manchan ki shuruat atharahavian sadi ke madhyakal ke bad ho chuki thi. bataya jata hai ki kumayooan mean pahali ramalila 1860 mean almo da nagar ke badreshvar mandir mean huee. jisaka shrey tatkalin dipti kalaiktar sv. devidatt joshi ko jata hai. bad mean nainital, bageshvar v pithauragadh mean kramashah 1880, 1890 v 1902 mean ramalila natak ka manchan prarambh hua. almo da nagar mean 1940-41 mean vikhyat nrity samrat pandit uday shankar ne chhaya chitroan ke madhyam se ramalila mean navinata lane ka prayas kiya. halaanki pandit uday shankar dvara prastut ramalila yahaan ki paranparagat ramalila se kee mayanoan mean bhinn thi lekin unake chhayabhinay, utkrisht sangit v nrity ki chhap yahaan ki ramalila par avashy p di.
visheshata
kumayooan ki ramalila mean bole jane vale sanvadoan, dhun, lay, tal v suroan mean parasi thiyetar ki chhap dikhayi deti hai, sath hi sath braj ke lok gitoan aur nautanki ki jhalak bhi. sanvadoan mean akarshan v prabhavotpadakata lane ke liye kahian-kahian par nepali bhasha v urdoo ki gazal ka sammishran bhi hua hai. kumayooan ki ramalila mean sanvadoan mean sthaniy bolachal ke saral shabdoan ka bhi prayog hota hai. ravan kul ke drishyoan mean hone vale nrity v gitoan mean adhikaanshatah kumayooanni shaili ka prayog kiya jata hai. ramalila ke gey sanvado mean prayukt git dadar, kaharuva, chaanchar v roopak taloan mean nibaddh rahate haian. haramoniyam ki surili dhun aur tabale ki gamakati gooanj mean patroan ka gayan karnapriy lagata hai. sanvadoan mean ramacharitamanas ke dohoan v chaupaeeyoan ke alava kee jagahoan par gady roop mean sanvadoan ka prayog hota hai. yahaan ki ramalila mean gayan ko abhinay ki apeksha adhik tarajih di jati hai. ramalila mean vachak abhinay adhik hota hai, jisamean patr ek hi sthan par khade़ hokar hav-bhav pradarshit kar gayan karate haian. natak manchan ke dauran nepathy se gayan bhi hota hai. vividh drishyoan mean akashavani ki udghoshana bhi ki jati hai. ramalila prarambh hone ke poorv samoohik svar mean ramavandana “shri ramachandr kripalu bhajaman“ ka gayan kiya jata hai. natak manchan mean drishy parivartan ke dauran jo samay khali rahata hai usamean vidooshak (jokar) apane hasy gitoan v abhinay se ramalila ke darshakoan ka manoranjan bhi karata hai. kumayooan ki ramalila ki ek any khas visheshata yah bhi hai ki isamean abhinay karane vale sabhi patr purush hote haian. adhunik badalav mean ab kuchh jagah ki ramalilaoan mean koras gayan, nrity ke alava kuchh mahila patroan mean l dakiyoan ko bhi shamil kiya jane laga hai.[3]
vithika ramalila
- chitr:Ramlila-Mathura-4.jpg
chhappan bhog, ramalila, mathura
- chitr:Ramlila-Mathura-10.jpg
ramalila, mathura
- chitr:Ramlila-Mathura-11.jpg
ramalila, mathura
- chitr:Ramlila-Mathura-13.jpg
ramalila, mathura
tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ ramalila: kitane rang, kitane roop (hiandi) ignca. abhigaman tithi: 5 aktoobar, 2013.
- ↑ avasthi, d aau. ianduja. ramalila paranpara aur shailiyaan (shodhagranth) (hiandi) abhivyakti. abhigaman tithi: 5 aktoobar, 2013.
- ↑ tivari, chandr shekhar. uttarakhand ki ek virasat hai kumaooanni ramalila (hiandi) mera paha d. abhigaman tithi: 5 aktoobar, 2013.
bahari k diyaan
sanbandhit lekh