राष्ट्रीय प्रचार समिति, वर्धा -शंकरराव लोंढे
| chitr:Icon-edit.gif | yah lekh svatantr lekhan shreni ka lekh hai. is lekh mean prayukt samagri, jaise ki tathy, aank de, vichar, chitr adi ka, sanpoorn uttaradayitv is lekh ke lekhak/lekhakoan ka hai bharatakosh ka nahian. |
- lekhak- shankararav loandhe
bharat ek vishal desh hai. hajaroan mil tak phaila hua hai. uttar mean himalay se lekar dakshin mean kanyakumari tak lagabhag 2000 mil ka bhoobhag hai aur pashchimi chhor dvarika se lekar poorvi chhor tak lagabhag 1700 mil ka vistar hai. yah svabhavik hai ki itane b de desh mean anek bhashaean tatha boliyaan boli jaean. phir bhi yahaan sada se yah bhavana rahi hai ki yah sara vistrit bhoobhag ek desh hai aur ye vibhinn bhashaean is vishal bhag ki alag-alag kyariyaan haian.
prachinakal mean is sanpoorn bhoobhag ko ekata ki sudridh dor mean baandhane ki bhoomika sanskrit ne nibhaee aur phir badalati paristhitiyoan mean yah sthan hindi ko mila. yah kam ashchary ki bat nahian hai ki hindi dvara is mahatvapoorn bhoomika ko nibhane ki bhavana bhi sarvapratham hinditar bhashi bharatiyoan ke man mean hi utpann huee aur unhoanne anubhav kiya ki samooche desh mean ek bhasha, aur vah bhi sanpark bhasha ke roop mean hindi hi ho sakati hai. sarvapratham 1875 mean apane patr sulabh samachar mean tatkalin bangal ke rajanitijn, samaj sevi keshavachandr sen ne kaha tha:
ek bhasha ke n hone ke karan bharat mean ekata nahian hoti hai, aur chara hi kya hai? tab sare bharatavarsh mean ek hi bhasha ka vyavahar karana hi ekamatr upay hai. hindi ko yadi bharat ki ekamatr bhasha svikar kar liya jae to sahaj hi mean yah ekata sanpann ho sakati hai.
‘vandemataramh’ rashtragit ke rachayita bangala ke prasiddh sahityakar bankim chandr chatarji bhi hindi ke prabal pakshapati the. apaki manyata thi ki ‘hindi ek din bharat ki rashtrabhasha hokar rahegi.’ araviand ghosh, shri bhoodev mukharji, jastis sharadacharan mitr adi ne bhi hindi ko samarthan kiya.
maharashtr ke lokapriy neta shri lokamany tilak ne bhi ek lipi aur ek bhasha prachar kary ko apana samarthan diya. apake hi protsahan se madhavarav sapre hindi patrakarita ke kshetr mean ae the.
gujarat mean svami dayanand sarasvati ne soch-vichar kar hindi bhasha ko hi apane siddhaantoan ke prachar ka madhyam banaya. sabhi gurookuloan mean shiksha ka madhyam hindi bani.
vishvakavi raviandranath thakur, mahatma gaandhi, netaji subhashachandr bos, chakravarti rajagopalachari aur urdoo ke shayar josh malihabadi ne bhi hindi ka hi samarthan kiya.
charls nepiyar ne bhi is desh mean aangreji ko shiksha ke madhyam ke roop mean sthan n dekar hindi ko hi isake upayukt manate hue kaha– hindi jitani adhik aur aangrezi jitani kam kam mean laee jaegi, utani hi shighrata se hindi ka vikas hoga. hindi ka prayog jitana vistar se ho sake hona chahie. shiksha ka madhyam kisi star par aangrezi nahian hona chahie.
sanh 1918 ka varsh tha. indaur mean mahatma gaandhi ke sabhapatitv mean akhil bharatiy hindi sahity sammelan ka adhiveshan hua tha. isi adhiveshan mean sabhapati ke asan se mahatma gaandhi ne sujhav prastut kiya ki bharat ke ahindi bhasha praantoan mean hindi prachar ka prayatn kiya jae jisase ki desh mean vibhinn praantoan ke nivasiyoan mean ekata aur rashtriyata ki bhavana paida ho aur usaki j de bhi majaboot ho sakean. phalasvaroop gaandhiji ki prerana aur prayas se dakshin bharat mean hindi prachar ka kary praranbh kiya gaya. dakshin bharat hindi prachar sabha ki sthapana huee aur usaka pradhan karyalay madras mean rakha gaya.
is samay tak samooche desh ke lie ekata aur rashtriyata ke prabal niyamak aur sudridh sanyojak sootr ke roop mean ek samany bhasha ka ek manch se prachar ka koee vyapak prayatn nahian hua tha. aangrezi hi parasparik vichar-vinimay ka madhyam thi. at: desh ke ganyamany netaoan ka samoohik dhyan is mahatvapoorn prashn ki or akrisht hua. is manyata ko thos aur sakriy roop dene ka sab se vyapak prayatn aprail 1936 nagapur mean hue akhil bharatiy hindi sahity sammelan mean ek nirnayak kadam uthakar kiya gaya.
is adhiveshan ke sabhapati pad par asin the d aau. rajeandr prasad ji, prastavak the baboo purushottamadas tandan aur anumodak the, shri jamanalal bajaj. prastav ke parinamasvaroop 15 sadasyoan ki ek prachar-samiti bani. yahi aj ki rashtrabhasha prachar samiti, vardha ka poorv roop tha gaandhiji, tandan ji, rajeandr baboo, javaharalalaji, jamanalalaji bajaj, achary nareandr dev ji, kaka kalelakar, shankararav dev, makhanalal chaturvedi, viyogi hari adi desh ke jane-mane chiantak isake janak tatha mukhy sansthapak sadasy the. uparokt prastav ke anusar rashtrabhasha prachar samiti ki sthapana sanh 1936 mean huee aur isaka mukhy karyalay vardha mean rakha gaya.
uddeshy
- hindi prachar ki yah sanstha rashtriy bhavanaoan ko udbuddh karane evan samast bharatiyoan ke hridayoan mean ekatmata prasthapan ka uddeshy lekar sthapit huee. isi uddeshy ko drishti mean rakhakar ‘ek hriday ho bharat janani’ ko usane apana udghosh vaky banaya.
- bharat ke svatantr hone ke bad jab sanvidhan mean usaki 351 vian dhara ke aantargat hindi ke roop ke sanbandh mean jo nidesh diya gaya ki vah bharat ki samasik sanskriti ka pratinidhitv karane vali bhasha hogi, tab samiti ne ise saharsh svikar kiya, kyoanki yahi to usake hindi prachar ke kary mean mool bhavana thi. avashyakata ke anuroop sanskrit se tatha any bhashaoan se shabdoan ko atmasath karane mean use koee hichak ya apatti nahian thi aur n hai.
- sare desh mean tatha avashyakatanusar videshoan mean bhi hindi ke prati anurag utpann karana aur usake prachar karane ka prayatn karana.
kriyanvayan
prachar ki drishti se hi parikshaean chalane ka kary samiti ne hath mean liya. sanh 1938 mean ye parikshaean praranbh hueean jo age chalakar lokapriy banian. vividh avashyakataoan ki drishti se anek parikshaean chalian aur paristhitivash band bhi hueean. adhyapan visharad, batachit aur aj jo parikshaean chal rahi haian ve is prakar haian: rashtrabhasha prathamik, rashtrabhasha praranbhik, rashtrabhasha pravesh, rashtrabhasha parichaiy, rashtrabhasha kovid, rashtrabhasha ratn, rashtrabhasha achary. inamean rashtrabhasha parichay tak ki parikshaean aur kovid se achary tak ki upadhi evan uchch parikshaean haian.
gaandhi janmashatabdi ke nimit ‘gaandhi vichar parichay’ evan ‘gaandhi vichar darshan’ namak do vishesh parikshaean chalaee geean thian jo kafi lokapriy hueean. aj bhi rashtrabhasha (hindi) prachar ke madhyam ke roop mean hi parikshaoan ko chalaya ja raha hai aur pariksha sanchalan samiti ki vibhinn pravrittiyoan mean se matr ek pravritti hai. prati varsh lagabhag 2,50,000 pariksharthi samiti ki vibhinn parikshaoan mean sammilit hote haian. hinditar pradeshoan se lagabhag 12,621 pramanit pracharak apana sakriy sahayog de rahe haian aur lagabhag 4,150 keandroan mean pariksha-vyavastha hoti hai. samiti ke karyakshetr ke aantargat lagabhag 661 rashtrabhasha vidyalay evan 52 mahavidyalay sanchalit hote haian.
samiti ke kary ko sucharu roop se sanchalit karane ke lie akhil bharatiy star ke rashtrabhasha premi sadasyoan ki ek samiti gathit ki gee hai, jis mean danadataoan ke atirikt rashtrabhasha premi, vidvan, pracharak, keandr-vyavasthapak evan samiti ke upadhidhariyoan ko bhi uchit pratinidhitv diya gaya hai.
pariksha-samiti
pariksha-vyavastha ke samuchit sanchalan hetu 28 sadasyoan ki ek pariksha-samiti ka bhi gathan kiya gaya hai.
praantiy karyalay
rashtrabhasha prachar samiti ke kary ko vibhinn pradeshoan mean sabhyak roop se sanchalit karane ke lie 18 praantiy samitiyaan gathit ki gee haian jo karyakshetr se pratyaksh sanpark rakhakar rashtrabhasha hindi ka prachar kary kar rahi haian aur vardha samiti dvara sanchalit parikshaoan ke lie pariksharthi taiyar karavati hai. in samitiyoan ko prachar-kary hetu vardha samiti ki or se lagabhag 4 lakh rupe varshik sahayata di jati hai.
| 1. | banbee praantiy rashtrabhasha prachar sabha | banbee |
| 2. | maharashtr praantiy rashtrabhasha samiti | pune |
| 3. | marathava da praantiy rashtrabhasha samiti | aurangabad |
| 4. | vidarbh praantiy rashtrabhasha samiti | nagapur |
| 5. | gujarat praantiy rashtrabhasha samiti | ahamadabad |
| 6. | madhyapradesh praantiy rashtrabhasha samiti | bhopal |
| 7. | rajasthan praantiy rashtrabhasha samiti | jayapur |
| 8. | kashmir praantiy rashtrabhasha samiti | shrinagar |
| 9. | dilli praantiy rashtrabhasha samiti | dilli |
| 10. | asam praantiy rashtrabhasha samiti | golaghat |
| 11. | meghalay praantiy rashtrabhasha samiti | shilaang |
| 12. | u. poorvaanchal praantiy rashtrabhasha samiti | narth lakhimapur |
| 13. | manipur praantiy rashtrabhasha samiti | imphal |
| 14. | pashchim bangal praantiy rashtrabhasha samiti | kalakatta |
| 15. | utkal praantiy rashtrabhasha sabha samiti | katak |
| 16. | karnatak praantiy rashtrabhasha sabha samiti | hubali |
| 17. | gova praantiy rashtrabhasha sabha samiti | madagaanv |
| 18. | nagalaiand bhasha parishadh rashtrabhasha sabha samiti | kohima |
parikshaoan ki manyata
samiti dvara sanchalit parikshaoan mean parichay, kovid evan rashtrabhasha-ratn parikshaoan ko keandriy sarakar ne, vibhinn pradeshik sarakaroan ne tatha vishvavidyalayoan ne sthayi manyata pradan ki hai.
poorvaanchal mean hindi prachar
pashchimi pradeshoan ki apeksha bharat ke manipur, asam, meghalay, nagalaiand, arunachal, mijoram mean hindi prachar ka kary kafi pichh da hua tha. samiti ka dhyan is or visheansh roop se akrisht hua. samiti apane praangan mean ek rashtrabhasha mahavidyalay ka sanchalan gat anek varshoan se kar rahi hai. nagalaiand ki avashyakata ko dhyan mean rakhakar isamean vishesh roop mean nagalaiand ke vidyarthiyoan ko sanh 1956 se bulana shuroo hua aur unaki shiksha ki samuchit vyavastha ki gee. aise chhatroan ko samiti masik chhatravritti deti rahi. saik doan ki sankhya mean poorvaanchal ke vidyarthi vardha akar rashtrabhasha hindi ka adhyayan kar vapas ge haian aur apane-apane kshetroan mean hindi shikshakoan ke roop mean hindi prachar ka kary kar rahe haian.
svatantrata-prapti se pahale is pradesh mean hindi prachar kary saral nahian tha. tathapi samiti ne vahaan hindi ka prachar kary kiya. svatantrata-prapti ke bad samiti ne is disha mean apane adhik prayatn praranbh kie aur use saphalata mili. vardha akar hindi sikhana jinhean suvidhajanak nahian hai, aise naga chhatroan ko hindi sikhane ki suvidha ki drishti se naga pradesh ke dimapur shahar mean samiti evan rashtrabhasha mahavidyalay ka sanchalan kar rahi hai. is mahavidyalay mean prati varsh lagabhag 30 vidyarthiyoan ko pravesh diya jata hai aur unaki ni:shulk padhaee ki vyavastha ki jati hai.
mijoram kshetr bhi aisa hi doorasth aanchal hai jahaan hindi ka prachar nahian tha. at: 1962 se naga chhatroan ke sthan par is parvatiy aanchal ke lushaee, mijo bhaee-bahanoan ko vardha bulaya jana praranbh hua. unhean bhi naga chhatroan ki hi bhaanti masik chhatravritti dekar padhaee ki vyavastha ki gee. saik doan mijo chhatr vardha se hindi sikhakar ge aur apane-apane kshetroan mean hindi shikshak ke roop mean niyukt hokar hindi padhane ka kam kar rahe haian. mijo chhatroan ki suvidha hetu aijol mean ek rashtrabhasha vidyalay chalaya ja raha hai jahaan lagabhag 20 se 30 ke bich chhatr niyamit roop se rashtrabhasha hindi ka adhyayan kar rahe haian. poorvaanchal ke in kshetroan mean rashtrabhasha hindi ke madhyam se bharat ki samasik sanskriti ki bhavana utpann karana samiti ka ek uddeshy raha hai.
bharat ke kuchh aise bhi kshetr haian jahaan rashtrabhasha hindi ka prachar kary anek samasyaoan se yukt hai, phir bhi samiti ne aise kshetroan ko achhoota nahian chho da hai. kashmir mean hindi prachar ke kary ko vyavasthit kiya gaya hai aur gat 22 varshoan se vahaan ki pradeshik samiti dvara yah kary sucharoo roop se chal raha hai. hajaroan ki sankhya mean bhaee-bahanean samiti ki parikshao mean baithakar hindi ka jnan prapt kar rahe haian. yah ullekhaniy hai ki kashmir ke pariksharthiyoan se koee pariksha-shulk nahian liya jata hai.
laddakh jaise doorasth parvatiy pradesh mean bhi samiti ke sanchalan mean hindi ka prachar kary age badh raha hai. bharat ke atirikt bharat ke jin-jin sthanoan se hindi premiyoan ki maang ati hai, vahaan-vahaan samiti sahayog deti hai. is prakar dakshin aphrika, poorv aphrika, shrilanka, barma, marishas, guyana, soorinam, chekoslovakiya adi deshoan mean bhi hindi ka kary age badh raha hai. japani chhatr sanh 1956 mean vardha mean akar rashtrabhasha ka adhyayan kar rahe haian. is samay do japani chhatr adhyayan rat haian. marishas ki ek chhatra bhi samiti parisar mean rahakar samiti ki parikshaoan ke lie vidhivath adhyayanarat hai.
gat 46 varshoan se vibhinn hindi parikshaoan ke dvara lagabhag ek karo d logoan tak samiti hindi ka sandesh pahuancha chuki hai. jnan ki drishtri se rashtrabhasha achary pariksha ka star vishvavidyalay em. e. se kam nahian hai.
mukhapatr ‘rashtrabhasha’
samiti apane sahastroan rashtrabhasha pracharakoan, keandr-vyavasthapakoan aur hindi premiyoan se sanpark banae rakhane lie ‘rashtrabhasha’ namak ek masik patrika ka prakashan karati hai. isamean parikshopayogi rashtrabhasha hindi sanbandhi vicharatmak lekhoan aur gatividhiyoan ki janakari ke atirikt pariksha sanbandhi janakari evan soochanaean prakashit ki jati haian. ukt masik patrika keandr-vyavasthapakoan evan pracharakoan ko ni:shulk bheji jati hai.
'hindi-divas’
14 sitanbar 1949 ko bharatiy sanvidhan parishadh ne rashtrabhasha ke roop mean hindi ko tatha rashtralipi ke roop mean devanagari ko svikrit kiya tha. is din ki smriti ke roop mean prati varsh samiti ke tatvadhan mean sare desh mean ‘hindi divas’ manaya jata hai. is ayojan ne b di lokapriyata prapt ki hai.
rashtrabhasha prachar sammelan
deshabhar mean samiti ke karyakshetr mean rashtrabhasha prachar ka kary karanevale karyakarta ek sthan par milakar rashtrabhasha ki samasyaoan par vichar-vinimay kar sakean, is drishti se vividh pradeshoan mean rashtrabhasha prachar samiti ke tatvadhan mean rashtrabhasha prachar sammelan ka ayojan kiya jata hai. ab tak ye sammelan vardha, ahamadabad, poona, banbee, nagapur, jagannathapuri, jayapur, bhopal, dilli, tinasukiya, vardha, auanragabad aur ahamadabad mean sanpann ho chuke haian. sammelan ka 11 vaan adhiveshan rajat jayanti mahotsav ke avasar par vardha mean hua tha.
mahatma gaandhi puraskar
samiti dvara hinditar bhashi vidvanoan ki ullekhaniy rashtrabhasha hindi-sevaoan ke lie 1501 rupe ka mahatma gaandhi puraskar tatha ek tamrapatr diya jata hai. ab tak 11 hinditar vidvanoan ko yah puraskar diya jata hai.
pustak-prakashan
apani vibhinn parikshaoan ke lie upayukt pathyapustakoan ka sankalan, sanpadan evan prakashan karati rahi hai. aisi pustakoan ka sankhya lagabhag 100 se kuchh oopar hi pahuanch gee haian. samiti ne pathy-pustakoan ke atirikt bharatiy bhashaoan ke adan-pradan ki drishti se any bharatiy bhashaoan ke granthoan ka hindi mean anuvad tatha maulik granthoan ka bhi pranayan kiya gaya hai.
- gaandhi granthamala
- tandan granthamala
donoan ke aantargat pratyek mean tin-tin is prakar chhah pustakean prakashit huee haian jo kramash: is prakar haian:
- gaandhiji ki atm-sadhana, daandi-yatra, bhoodan-yajn ke praneta-vinoba
- tandan nibandhavali, dariyalal, baradoli ke saradar.
bharatiy bhashaoan ka dainandin kamachalaoo vyavaharik jnan prapt karane ki drishti se ‘bharat bharati pustakamala’ ke atirikt ‘kavishri-mala’ ke nam se pradeshik bhasha ke do-do utkrisht kaviyoan ki shreshth rachanaoan ka anuvad kiya gaya hai. praranbh mean kavi-parichay ke atirikt sanbandhit pradeshik bhasha ke sahity ka parichay in prakashanoan ki apani visheshata hai. hinditar pradesh ke hindi vidyarthiyoan ki avashyakata ke anuroop evan ek ‘brihad rashtrabhasha kosh’ bhi samiti ne prakashit kiya hai. karyalayin kary-pranali ko hindi mean gati dene ki drishti se ‘alekhan tippan’ namak ek pustak prakashit ki gee hai.
samachar bharati
sanh 1949 mean dilli mean hue rashtrabhasha prachar sammelan mean parit vishesh prastav ke anusar bharatiy bhashaoan mean samachar denevali akhil bharatiy star ki nyooj ejeansi ‘samachar bharati’ namak samachar sanstha ki kalpana tatha use moort roop dene mean samiti ne pratham kadam uthaya aur sakriy bhag liya.
rajat jayanti granth
rashtrabhasha hindi ke sath-sath vibhinn pradeshoan dvara hindi ko die ge yogadan ki janakari denevala ek apoorv sandarbh granth hai.
vishv hindi sammelan
bharat aur bharat se bahar chal rahe hindi ke samast karyoan ka moolyaankan karane aur bhavishy ke kary ki disha nirdharit karane ke uddeshy se desh-videsh ke samast hindi seviyoan, vidvanoan aur lekhakoan ke ek sammelan ki avashyakata ka anubhav kiya ja raha tha. at: desh ke pramukh netaoan se anaupacharik vichar-vimarsh ke bad rashtrabhasha prachar samiti, vardha ne isaka pratham ayojan vishv ke sab se b de lokataantrik desh bharat mean isaka pratham ayojan karane ka nishchay kiya. tadanusar yah sammelan janavari 1975 mean vardha ke hi nikat maharashtr pradesh ki dvitiy rajadhani evan desh ke madhy mean sthit nagapur namak nagar mean ayojit kiya gaya. is sammelan ki adhyakshata marishas ke tatkalin pradhanamantri sar shivasagar ramagulam ne ki aur bharat ki pradhanamantri shrimati indira gaandhi ne usaka udghatan kiya. is sammelan mean hindi ki aantarrashtriy sthiti, vishv manav ki chetana, bharat aur hindi tatha adhunik yug aur hindi ki avashyakataoan aur upalabdhiyoan par charcha ki gee aur nirnay kiya gaya ki sanyukt rashtrasangh mean hindi ko bhi adhikarik bhasha ke roop mean sthan diya jae, vardha mean vishv hindi vidyapith ki sthapana ho aur vishv hindi sammelan ki upalabdhiyoan ko sthayitv pradan karane ki drishti se koee thos yojana banaee jae.
nirnayanusar vardha mean vishv hindi vidyapith ki sthapana ki gee. ek chhota bhavan bhi is kary ke lie bana liya gaya hai aur vidyapith ka praranbhik kary shuroo ho gaya hai. dvitiy vishv hindi sammelan ka ayojan hind mahasagar ke moti evan suramy prakriti ki hariyali se yukt pradesh marishas mean agast 1976 mean vyapak paimane par ayojit hua. yah hindi ki vishvayatra ka doosara charan, doosara p dav tha.
hindi ke madhyam se sare vishv ko prem, bandhutv aur adhyatmik nav-jagaran ki dor mean baandhakar samanvay tatha ekata ke manch par avasthit karane ki drishti se bharat ne pun: pahal karate hue tisare vishv hindi sammelan ka ayojan, rajadhani nee dilli mean karane ka nishchay kiya hai. pratham sammelan ki hi bhaanti isaka bhi ayojan rashtrabhasha prachar samiti, vardha ke hi tatvavadhan mean ho raha hai. bharat ki pradhan mantri shrimati indira gaandhi ne is sammelan ka udghatan kar rahi haian. is sammelan mean pratham aur dvitiy vishv hindi sammelan ki upalabdhiyoan ko sthayitv pradan karane ki drishti se thos yojanaoan par vichar kiya jaega tatha hindi rashtriy star se aantarrashtriy star par le jane ki prakriya ko bal dene par vichar hoga. isake atirikt hindi ke madhyam se bharat tatha any deshoan ke maitripoorn sanbandhoan ko dridh karane par upay yojana ke sanbandh mean socha jaega aur ‘vasudhaiv kutumbakam’ ke sandarbh mean jati, dharm, varn aur rashtriyata ki sakuchit sima se pare hindi ko prem, seva aur shaanti ki bhasha ke roop mean pratishthit karane ke lie sabhi hindi premi krit-sankalp hoange.
pichhale 46 varshoan se rashtrabhasha prachar samiti apane samiti sadhanoan se hindi ke prachar-prasar ka rashtriy kary karati a rahi hai. samiti ne hindi ke prachar-prasar se sanbandhit anek yojanaean banaee haian. unaka saphal kriyanvayan hindi premi logoan ke sakriy sahayog par hi nirbhar hai. asha hai samiti ke karyoan ke lie hindi premiyoan tatha sarakar se apekshit sahayog tathy sahayata prapt hogi.
tika tippani aur sandarbh
bahari k diyaan
sanbandhit lekh
| kramaank | lekh ka nam | lekhak |