sailens, laits, rol saund, rol kॅmara ऍnd ऍkshan... kat it... sh aaut oke... lekin ek tek aur lete haian.
ye duniya hai sinema ki, jo ab shatayu ho chuka hai hamare desh mean...
kya-kya ho liya in sau saloan mean…?
sinema ka safar ek vaijnanik avishkar se shuroo hua aur manoranjan ka sadhan banane ke bad aj sanskriti ka abhinn hissa ban gaya hai. jo log ye sochate the ki sinema sirf manoranjan ke lie hi hai, ve galat sabit hue. jis tarah sahity, kala, vijnan aur sangit ki ek shreni manoranjan ‘bhi’ hai, usi tarah sinema bhi sirf manoranjan 'hi' nahian hai.
khair... sinema ne vaqt-vaqt par anek roop rakhe haian. sinema ko nam bhi tamam die ge, jaise- kala film, samaantar sinema, sarthak sinema, masala film adi–adi. lekin ek nam bilkul sahi hai, vo hai ‘sarthak sinema’. jo film jis uddeshy se bani hai, yadi vah poora ho raha hai to vah film sarthak film hai. vahi saphal sinema hai.
shuruati daur mook filmoan ka tha. bharat mean 1913 mean dada sahab phalke ke bhagirath prayasoan se 'raja harishchandr' pahali fichar film riliz huee. charli chॅpalin, jinhean vishv sinema mean sarvochch sthan prapt hai, ne ek se ek behatarin film is daur mean banaeean jaise- m aaurdan taims, siti laits, gold rash, d kid adi. is daur mean roosi nirdeshak sargeee aiseansatain ki film 'bॅtalaship potemkin' san 1926 mean aee. is film ka ek mashahoor drishy, jisamean ek aurat apane bachche ko bagghi mean sidhiyoan par le ja rahi hai, bahut mashahoor hua. jisako ‘di pama’ ne apani film ‘anatachebal’ (1987) mean bhi film ke aantim drishy mean istemal karake aiansatain ko shraddhaanjali di.
1931 mean 'alam ara' ke riliz hone se 'savak' yane bolati huee filmoan ka daur shuroo ho gaya tha. t aaukiz ke shuruati daur mean, ashok kumar aur devika rani abhinit 'achhoot kanya' (1936) ne apani achchhi pahachan banaee. yah dvitiy vishvayuddh ka samay tha. is samay 'charli chॅpalin' ki film 'd gret diktetar' aee. is film mean unhoanne manavata par ek behatarin bhashan diya hai. charli chॅpalin ko jagah-jagah is bhashan ke lie bulaya jata tha jisase ki log manavata ka path sikhean. 5-6 minat ke is bhashan ko bolane mean chॅpalin ko kee bar bich mean hi pani pina p da kyoanki bhashan itana bhavukata se bhara tha ki gala avaruddh ho jata tha. janata par isaka bahut gahara asar p da. aj bhi yah bhashan yadagar hai.
1939 mean ‘g aaun vid d viand’ ne klark gॅbal ko bulandiyoan par pahuancha diya. is film ne lagat se sau guni kamaee ki. ab filmoan ke lie bajat koee samasya nahian rah gee thi. bad mean ‘ben-har’ (1959) ne bhi yah sabit kar dikhaya ki bahut mahangi filmean yadi gunavatta se bina samajhauta kie banaee jaean to unaki kamaee sinema udyog ko poori tarah sthapit aur mazaboot karane mean sahayak hoti hai. itali aur fraans ne bahut umda filmean vishv ko di haian. 1948 mean itali ke vitoriyo di sika ki ‘baiskil thivs’ ek behatarin film sabit huee. sari duniya mean isaki sarahana huee aur filmoan ko keval manoranjan ka sadhan n manate hue sanskriti aur samaj ke darpan ke roop mean manyata prapt huee.
pyar-muhabbat ke vishay par h aaulivud mean 'kasablanka' (1942) film ko ek adhoori prem kahani ki bejo d prastuti mana gaya. is film ne iangrid bargamॅn ko abhinetri ke roop mean sinema-akash ke shikhar par pahuancha diya. iangrid bargamॅn ne dhalati umr mean iangar bargamॅn ki svidish film 'aautam sonata' (1978) mean bhi utkrisht abhinay kiya. yah film do vyaktiyoan ke paraspar sanvad, aantardvand, pashchatap, atmasvikriti, arop-pratyarop ka sajivatam chitran thi. isi daur mean vahida rahaman abhinit 'khamoshi' (1969) aee, jisane vahida rahaman ko bharat ki sarvashreshth abhinetri bana diya. vahida rahaman ke abhinay ki ooanchaee ham 'pyasa' mean dekh chuke the.
'pyasa' (1957) gurudatt ne banaee thi. gurudatt sinema jagat mean laitiang ifॅkt ke lie vishvavikhyat haian. sath hi unake dvara kie ge 's aauang pikcharaizeshan' bhi kamal ke haian. s aauang pikcharaizeshan ke lie vijay anand b aaulivud sinema mean sabase behatarin mane jate haian. unhoanne film nirdeshan mean jo prayog kie haian, vo gazab haian. 'gaid' ka gana 'aj phir jine ki tamanna hai' mukh de ki bajay aantare se shuroo hai aur 'jyool thif' (1967) ka gana 'hothoan pe aisi bat maian daba ke chali aee' mean vijay anand ka nirdeshan aur vaijayanti mala ka nrity abhi tak bejo d mana jata hai.
yash chaup da ne prem trikon ko apana priy vishay bana liya to rrishikesh mukharji ne svasth k aaumedi ko. rrishikesh mukharji ne film sampadan se apani shuruat ki thi. donoan ne hi videshi filmoan ki naqal karane ke bajay adhikatar bharatiy maulik kahaniyoan ko chuna.
1954 mean japani film 'd sevan samuraee' bani, jo 'akira kurosava' ne banaee. japan ke akira kurosava 'vishv sinema jagat ke pitamah' kahe jate haian. vishv ki shreshth filmoan mean gini jane vali is film ko adhar bana kar anek filmean bani jinamean ek ramesh sippi ki 'shole' bhi hai. alpayu mean hi svarg sidhare japan ke mahanh kahanikar 'runosuke akootagava' ki do kahaniyoan par adharit adbhut film, 'rashomon' bana kar kurosava pahale hi khyati prapt kar chuke the. is samay bharat mean bhi kee achchhi filmean banian. satyajit ray, 'pather paanchali' (1955) bana rahe the, jisaki shootiang ke lie bar-bar paisa khatm ho jata tha lekin apane pasandida 40 em.em. lens ke sath unhoanne is film se bharat mean hi nahian, balki sari duniya mean shoharat paee. ham bharatiyoan ko garv hona chahie ki kurosava ne satyajit ray ke lie kaha-
"satyajit ray ke bina sinema jagat vaisa hi hai jaise sooraj-chaand ke bina asaman."
satyajit ray ne rajakapoor ki 'mera nam jokar' ke pratham bhag (bachapan vala) ko 10 mahanh filmoan mean se bataya. rajakapoor abhinit 'jagate raho' (1956) aur mahaboob khan ki 'madar iandiya' (1957) jaisi achchhi filmean aeean. 1957 mean hi ek aur achchhi film ‘do aankhean barah hath’ vi. shaantaram ne banaee. ye sinema 1980-90 tak ate-ate shyam benegal ki 'aankur' aur govind nihalani ki 'akrosh' bhi hamean dikha gaya aur 'richard etanabaro' ki mahatma gaandhi par bani utkrisht film 'gaandhi' bhi.
rahasy-romaanch aur dar ka vishay bhi sinema mean khoob chala. 'alfred hichak aauk' isake visheshajn the. unhoanne tamam filmean isi vishay par banaeean jaise- d 39 steps, dayal em f aaur mardar, vartigo adi, lekin 'saiko' unaki sabase prasiddh kriti thi. duniya bhar mean hichak aauk ki filmoan ki aur drishyoan ki naqal huee.
h aaulivud mean 'vॅstarns' (kau b aauy kalchar vali filmean) ka zor bhi chal nikala. sarajo liyone ki 'vans ap aaun e taim in d vॅst' ek shreshth film bani. sarajo liyone ne kliant eestavud ke sath kee filmean banaeean. in filmoan mean 'ainnyo morikone' ke sangit diya aur sari duniya mean prasiddh hua. 'nino rota' bhi filmoan mean lajavab sangit de rahe the jisaka istemal itali ke filmakaroan ne khoob kiya.
fॅdariko fॅlini ne 1963 mean 81/2 film banaee to vah vishv ki das sarvakalik sarvashreshth filmoan mean jagah pa gee. is film mean sangit 'nino rota' ne hi diya aur film ki pak d itani zabardast bani ki ham film se dhyan hata hi nahian sakate. ford k aaupola ne bhi 'mariyo puzo' ke upanyas par adharit film 'd g aaudafadar' ke lie 'nino rota' ko hi chuna. filmoan mean achchhe sangit ki bhoomika ab pramukh ho gee. sangit ke badashah 'motzart' par mail aaus foramॅn ne 'amadius' banaee. vulfagॅng amadius motzart aur antoniyo sॅliri ki kahani par bani yah film, foramॅn ke us karishme se b da karishma thi, jo ve 1975 mean 'van flyoo ovar d kukkooz nest' bana kar kar chuke the.
pachas ke dashak mean ke.asif ne mashahoor film 'mugal-e-azam' shuroo ki, jo qarib nau sal ka samay lekar 1960 mean pradarshit huee. yooan to mugal-e-azam se ju de hue hazar afasane haian, lekin ustad b de gulam ali khaan ka thumari gane ka aandaz sabase rochak hai. is film ke sangitakar naushad, ke. asif ko lekar b de gulam ali khaan ke ghar pahuanche aur unase film mean gane ke lie kaha. b de gulam ali khaan ne donoan ko talane ke lie 25 hazar rupaye maange kyoanki us samay filmoan mean gana shastriy gayakoan ke lie ochhi bat mani jati thi. ke. asif ko chutaki bajakar bat karane ki adat thi, unhoanne chॅk buk nikalakar 10 hazar ki raqam likhi aur khaan sahab ko chॅk thama diya aur chutaki bajakar bole "ye lijie edavaans maian apako 25 hazar hi dooanga." pachas ke dashak mean filmoan mean gana gane ke hazar, do hazar rupaye mila karate the.
akhirakar b de gulam ali khaan rik aaurdiang stoodiyo pahuanche. vahaan unhoanne auroan ki tarah kh de hokar gane se mana kar diya to zamin par gadda, chaandani aur masanad ki vyavastha ki gee. itane par bhi khaan sahab gane ko raji n hue aur unhoanne pahale us drishy ko filmane ke lie kaha, jis par ki unaki thumari chalani thi. isake bad dilip kumar aur madhubala ka vo drishy filmaya gaya, jisamean dilip kumar, madhubala ke chehare par pankh se halke-halke se sahala rahe haian. yah drishy stoodiyo mean parde par projektar se chalaya gaya aur isako dekhate hue khaan sahab ne apani mashahoor thumari gayi. rag sohani mean ‘prem jogan banake’ thumari, jitani bar bhi sun lean, achchhi hi lagati hai. thumari ga kar khaan sab bole-
"vaise ye l daka aur ye l daki haian to achchhe..."
is saptah itana hi... agale saptah kuchh aur...
-adity chaudhari
sansthapak evan pradhan sampadak
