लॉर्ड मिण्टो द्वितीय
l aaurd minto dvitiy (1845-1914 ee.), l aaurd karzan ke bad 1905 se 1910 ee. tak bharat ka vaisaray tatha gavarnar-janaral raha. vah l aaurd minto pratham ka prapautr tha. isaka poora nam 'gilabart j aaun eliet minto' tha, jisaka janm 9 julaee, 1845 ko landan, ianglaind mean hua aur mrityu 1 march 1914 mean, minto r aauksabarg, sk aautalaind mean huee. l aaurd karzan ne bharat mean jo sankatapoorn sthiti utpann kar di thi, usaka samana karane mean tatha tatkalin bharatamantri l aaurd j aaun marle ke sath mil-julakar kary karane mean usane kafi yukti kaushal ka parichay diya. l aaurd karzan aur pradhan senapati l aaurd kichanar ek-doosare se jhag da kar baithe the. usane l aaurd kichanar se jhag da samapt kiya aur afaganistan ke amir ke sambandhoan mean kafi sudhar kiya. amir usase milane ke lie kalakatta aya.
bharat ka vaisaray
yah (1898-1905 ee.) tak kanada ka gavarnar-janaral tatha (1905-1910 ee.) tak bharat ka vaisaray raha. bharat mean isane evan isake sath l aaurd j aaun m aaurle ne m aaurle minto sudhar adhiniyam (1909 ee.) prayojit kiya. is adhiniyam se sarakar mean bharatiy pratinidhitv mean mamooli vriddhi ki gee, lekin hinduoan aur musalamanoan ke lie alag nirvachak mandal banane ke karan bharatiy rashtravadiyoan ne isaki alochana ki, kyoanki unaka vishvas tha ki isase british shasan ke lie rasta saf karane ke lie bharatiyoan mean darar paida ki gee hai.
jivika sadhan
'kaimbriz ke eetan evan traniti k aaulej' mean shikshit minto sk aauts gardas mean sevarat raha (1867-1870 ee.), phir kuchh samay ke lie ghu dasavari ko apani jivika ka sadhan banaya aur bad mean spen evan turki mean samachar patr sanvadadata (1874-1877 ee.) raha. usane 1833 ee. mean seva sachiv ke roop mean kanada jane se pahale 'dvitiy afagan yuddh' (1879 ee.) mean aur misr abhiyan mean hissa liya. 1886 mean vah ianglaind laut gaya, jahaan use 1891 ee. mean virasat mean pita ki upadhiyaan milian. 1898 ee. mean kanada ka gavarnar-janaral niyukt kie jane par usane kanada ke pradhanamantri sar vilafrid laurie aur british aupaniveshik mantri josef chembaralin ke bich ke vivad ko kam karane mean bhoomika nibhaee.
rajanitik sudhar
1905 ee. mean minto ko bharat ka vaisaray aur m aaurle ko rajy sachiv niyukt kiya gaya. ye donoan is bat par sahamat the ki ubharate rashtrravad par qaboo pane, bharatiy rashtriy kaangres ke udaravadi netaoan ko mazaboot banane aur shikshit bharatiyoan ki santushti ke lie kuchh rajanitik sudhar avashyak haian. parinamasvaroop rajy sachiv ki parishad mean do bharatiy sadasyoan aur vaisaray ki karyaparishad mean ek bharatiy ki niyukti ki gee. vidhayi parishad mean bhoo evan vanijyik hitoan evan musalamanoan ke behatar pratinidhitv ko surakshit karane ki minto ki ichchha ke phalasvaroop hindoo aur musalamanoan ke lie alag-alag nirvachak mandaloan ki sthapana huee. unhoanne kaangres ke pratidvandvi ke roop mean muslim lig ki sthapana ko bhi protsahit kiya. unake alochakoan ne ise 'phoot dalo aur raj karo' ki niti ke hisse ke roop mean dekha, jise bharat ke vibhajan ke lie doshi mana jata hai.
- minto ne krantikari lala lajapat ray aur ajit sianh se nipatane ke lie bina muqadama chalae hi nirvasan karane ka sarakar ka adhikar bahal kiya aur british shasan ke sashastr virodh ki vaqalat karane valoan ke khilaf k de upay kie.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
sanbandhit lekh
varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
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