विक्रम संवत
vikram sanvat
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| vivaran | 'vikram sanvat' atyant prachin sanvat hai. bharat ke saanskritik itihas ki drishti se sarvadhik lokapriy rashtriy sanvat 'vikram sanvat' hi hai. |
| arambhakarta | samrat chandragupt vikramadity |
| shuruat | lagabhag 2,068 varsh yani 57 eesa poorv mean chaitr shukl pratipada tithi se |
| pauranik mahattv | puranoan ke anusar chaitr mas ke shukl paksh ki pratipada ko brahma ne srishti nirman kiya tha, isalie is pavan tithi ko 'nav sanvatsar' parv ke roop mean bhi manaya jata hai. |
| shastriy manyata | shastriy manyatanusar chaitr shukl pratipada ki tithi ke din prat: kal snan adi se shuddh hokar hath mean gandh, akshat, pushp aur jal lekar om bhoorbhuv: sv: sanvatsar- adhipati avahayami poojayami ch is mantr se nav sanvatsar ki pooja karani chahie. |
| vishesh | chandragupt vikramadity ne desh ke sampoorn rrin ko, chahe vah jis vyakti ka bhi raha ho, svayan chukakar 'vikram sanvat' ki shuruat ki thi. |
| any janakari | samrat chandragupt vikramadity ne deshavasiyoan ko shakoan ke atyachari shasan se mukt kiya tha. usi vijay ki smriti mean chaitr mah ke shukl paksh ki pratipada se 'vikram sanvat' ka arambh hua tha. |
vikram sanvat (aangrezi: Vikram Samvat) atyant prachin sanvat hai. sath hi ye ganit ki drishti se atyant sugam aur sarvatha thik hisab rakhakar nishchit kiye gaye hai. kisi navin 'sanvat' ko chalane ki shastriy vidhi yah hai ki jis naresh ko apana sanvat chalana ho, use sanvat chalane ke din se poorv kam-se-kam apane poore rajy mean jitane bhi log kisi ke rrini hoan, unaka rrin apani or se chuka dena chahiye. 'vikram sanvat' ka praneta samrat vikramadity ko mana jata hai. kalidas is maharaja ke ek ratn mane jate haian. kahana nahian hoga ki bharat ke bahar is niyam ka kahian palan nahian hua. bharat mean bhi mahapurushoan ke sanvat unake anuyayiyoan ne shraddhavash hi chalaye; lekin bharat ka sarvamany sanvat 'vikram sanvat' hi hai aur maharaj vikramadity ne desh ke sampoorn rrin ko, chahe vah jis vyakti ka raha ho, svayan dekar ise chalaya. is sanvat ke mahinoan ke nam videshi sanvatoan ki bhaanti devata, manushy ya sankhyavachak kritrim nam nahian haian. yahi bat tithi tatha aansh (dinaank) ke sambandh mean bhi hai, ve bhi soory-chandr ki gati par ashrit haian. saraansh yah ki yah sanvat apane aang-upaangoan ke sath poornat: vaijnanik saty par sthit hai.
- REDIRECTsaancha:inhean bhi dekhean
shastroan v shilalekhoan mean ullekh
'vikram sanvat' ke udbhav evan prayog ke vishay mean kuchh kahana kathin hai. yahi bat 'shak sanvat' ke vishay mean bhi hai. kisi vikramadity raja ke vishay mean, jo ee. poo. 57 mean tha, sandeh prakat kie ge haian. is sanvat ka arambh gujarat mean kartik shukl pratipada se (navambar, ee. poo. 58) aur uttari bharat mean chaitr krishna pratipada (aprail, ee. poo. 58) se mana jata hai. bita hua vikram varsh eesvi san+57 ke barabar hai. kuchh arambhik shilalekhoan mean ye varsh krit ke nam se aye haian[1].
vidvan matabhed
vikram sanvat ke prarambh ke vishay mean bhi vidvanoan mean matabhed haian. kuchh log eesavi san 78 aur kuchh log eesavi san 544 mean isaka prarambh manate haian. farasi granth 'kalitau dimanah' mean panchatantr ka ek pady 'shashidivakar yorgrahapidanamsh' ka bhav uddhrit hai. vidvanoan ne samanyatah 'krit sanvat' ko 'vikram sanvat' ka poorvavarti mana hai. kintu 'krit' shabd ke prayog ki vyakhya santoshajanak nahian ki ja saki hai. kuchh shilalekhoan mean maval-gan ka sanvat ullikhit hai, jaise- naravarma ka mandasaur shilalekh. 'krit' evan 'malav' sanvat ek hi kahe ge haian, kyoanki donoan poorvi rajasthan evan pashchimi malava mean prayog mean laye gaye haian. krit ke 282 evan 295 varsh to milate haian, kintu malav sanvat ke itane prachin shilalekh nahian milate. yah bhi sambhav hai ki krit nam purana hai aur jab malavoan ne use apana liya to vah 'malav-ganamnat' ya 'malav-gan-sthiti' ke nam se pukara jane laga. kintu yah kaha ja sakata hai ki yadi krit evan malav donoan bad mean ane vale vikram sanvat ki or hi sanket karate haian, to donoan ek sath hi lagabhag ek sau varshoan tak prayog mean ate rahe, kyoanki hamean 480 krit varsh evan 461 malav varsh prapt hote haian.
yah manana kathin hai ki krit sanvat ka prayog kritayug ke arambh se hua. yah sambhav hai ki 'krit' ka vahi arth hai jo 'siddh' ka hai, jaise- 'kritant' ka arth hai 'siddhant' aur yah sanket karata hai ki yah kuchh logoan ki sahamati se pratishthapit hua hai. 8vian evan 9vian shati se vikram sanvat ka nam vishisht roop se milata hai. sanskrit ke jyoti:shastriy granthoan mean yah shak sanvat se bhinnata pradarshit karane ke lie yah samanyatah keval sanvat nam se prayog kiya gaya hai. 'chaluky vikramadity shashth' ke 'vedarave shilalekh' se pata chalata hai ki raja ne shak sanvat ke sthan par 'chaluky vikram sanvat' chalaya, jisaka pratham varsh tha - 1076-77 ee..
nav sanvatsar
'vikram sanvat 2077' ka shubharambh 25 march, san 2020 ko chaitr mah ke shukl paksh ki pratipada se hai. puranoan ke anusar chaitr mas ke shukl paksh ki pratipada ko brahma ne srishti nirman kiya tha, isalie is pavan tithi ko nav sanvatsar parv ke roop mean bhi manaya jata hai. sanvatsar-chakr ke anusar soory is rritu mean apane rashi-chakr ki pratham rashi mesh mean pravesh karata hai. bharatavarsh mean vasant rritu ke avasar par nootan varsh ka arambh manana isalie bhi harshollasapoorn hai, kyoanki is rritu mean charoan or hariyali rahati hai tatha navin patr-pushpoan dvara prakriti ka nav shrriangar kiya jata hai. log navavarsh ka svagat karane ke lie apane ghar-dvar sajate haian tatha navin vastrabhooshan dharan karake jyotishachary dvara nootan varsh ka sanvatsar phal sunate haian.
shastriy manyata ke anusar chaitr shukl pratipada ki tithi ke din prat: kal snan adi ke dvara shuddh hokar hath mean gandh, akshat, pushp aur jal lekar om bhoorbhuv: sv: sanvatsar- adhipati avahayami poojayami ch is mantr se nav sanvatsar ki pooja karani chahie tatha navavarsh ke ashubh phaloan ke nivaran hetu brahma ji se prarthana karani chahie ki 'he bhagavan! apaki kripa se mera yah varsh kalyanakari ho aur is sanvatsar ke madhy mean ane vale sabhi anisht aur vighn shaant ho jaean.' nav sanvatsar ke din nim ke komal pattoan aur rritukal ke pushpoan ka choorn banakar usamean kali mirch, namak, hiang, jira, mishri, imali aur ajavayan milakar khane se rakt vikar adi sharirik rog shaant rahate haian aur poore varsh svasthy thik rahata hai.
rashtriy sanvat
200px|thumb|hindoo narv varsh bharatavarsh mean is samay deshi videshi mool ke anek sanvatoan ka prachalan hai, kiantu bharat ke saanskritik itihas ki drishti se sarvadhik lokapriy rashtriy sanvat yadi koee hai to vah 'vikram sanvat' hi hai. aj se lagabhag 2,068 varsh yani 57 eesa poorv mean bharatavarsh ke pratapi raja vikramadity ne deshavasiyoan ko shakoan ke atyachari shasan se mukt kiya tha. usi vijay ki smriti mean chaitr mah ke shukl paksh ki pratipada tithi se vikram sanvat ka bhi arambh hua tha.
naye sanvat ki shuruat
prachin kal mean naya sanvat chalane se pahale vijayi raja ko apane rajy mean rahane vale sabhi logoan ko rrin-mukt karana avashyak hota tha. raja vikramadity ne bhi isi parampara ka palan karate hue apane rajy mean rahane vale sabhi nagarikoan ka rajyakosh se karz chukaya aur usake bad chaitr shukl pratipada se malavagan ke nam se naya sanvat chalaya. bharatiy kalaganana ke anusar vasant rritu aur chaitr shukl pratipada ki tithi ati prachin kal se srishti prakriya ki bhi puny tithi rahi hai. vasant rritu mean ane vale vasantik 'navaratr' ka prarambh bhi sada isi puny tithi se hota hai. vikramadity ne bharat ki in tamam kalagananaparak saanskritik paramparaoan ko dhyan mean rakhate hue hi chaitr shukl pratipada ki tithi se hi apane navasanvatsar sanvat ko chalane ki parampara shuroo ki thi aur tabhi se samoocha bharat is puny tithi ka prativarsh abhivandan karata hai.
darasal, bharatiy parampara mean chakravarti raja vikramadity shaury, parakram tatha prajahitaishi karyoan ke lie prasiddh mane jate haian. unhoanne 95 shak rajaoan ko parajit karake bharat ko videshi rajaoan ki dasata se mukt kiya tha. raja vikramadity ke pas ek aisi shaktishali vishal sena thi, jisase videshi akramanakari sada bhayabhit rahate the. jnan-vijnan, sahity, kala sanskriti ko vikramadity ne vishesh protsahan diya tha. dhanvantari jaise mahanh vaidy, varahamihir jaise mahanh jyotishi aur kalidas jaise mahanh sahityakar vikramadity ki rajyasabha ke navaratnoan mean shobha pate the. prajavatsal nitiyoan ke phalasvaroop hi vikramadity ne apane rajyakosh se dhan dekar din du:khiyoan ko sahookaroan ke karz se mukt kiya tha. ek chakravarti samrat hone ke bad bhi vikramadity rajasi aishvary bhog ko tyagakar bhoomi par shayan karate the. ve apane sukh ke lie rajyakosh se dhan nahian lete the.
rashtr ki saanskritik pahachan
pichhale do hazar varshoan mean anek deshi aur videshi rajaoan ne apani samrajyavadi akaankshaoan ki tushti karane tatha is desh ko rajanitik ddashti se paradhin banane ke prayojan se anek sanvatoan ko chalaya kiantu bharat rashtr ki saanskritik pahachan keval vikrami sanvat ke sath hi ju di rahi. aangrezi shiksha-diksha aur pashchimi sanskriti ke prabhav ke karan aj bhale hi sarvatr eesvi sanvat ka bolabala ho aur bharatiy tithi-masoan ki kal ganana se log anabhijn hote ja rahe hoan parantu vastavikata yah bhi hai ki desh ke saanskritik parv-utsav tatha ram, krishna, buddh, mahavir, guru nanak adi mahapurushoan ki jayantiyaan aj bhi bharatiy kal ganana ke hisab se hi manaee jati haian, eesvi sanvat ke anusar nahian. vivah-mundan ka shubh muhoort ho ya shraddh-tarpan adi samajik karyoan ka anushthan, ye sab bharatiy panchaang paddhati ke anusar hi kiya jata hai, eesvi sanh ki tithiyoan ke anusar nahian.
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