vishishtadvait darshan roodhivadi bharatiy darshan ke pradhan matoan mean se ek hai. isake pratishthapak ramanujachary the. yah mat satavian shatabdi ke bad dakshin bharat mean mukhy roop se sakriy 'bhakti aandolan[1] se vikasit hua tha.
pratishthapak
vishishtadvait darshan ke pratishthapak ramanujachary the. unaka janm sanvat 1084 ke as-pas hua tha. unaki vicharadhara shankarachary ke advaitavadi nirgun brahm ke viruddh ek pratikriya thi. vishishtadvait darshan mean ramanujachary ne sagun brahm ke sath-sath jagat aur jiv ki satta ki pratishtha ki. unhoanne sharir ko visheshan tatha atmatattv ko visheshy mana.
vaishnav bhakti aandolan ka margadarshan karane vale aranbhik brahmanoan[2] mean se ek nathamuni[3] the, jo shrirangamh (adhunik tamilanadu rajy) ke mandir ke mukhy purohit the. unake bad yamuna[4] ne yah kary sanbhala, jinhoanne kuchh darshanik prabandh likhe, lekin tikaean nahian likhian. unake uttaradhikari ramanuj ya 'ramanujachary'[5]sabase prakhyat hasti the, jinhoanne brahmasootroan[6] aur shrimadbhagavad gita par tikaean; upanishadoan par ek granth 'vedarthasangreh' ki rachana ki.[7]
ramanuj vedaant chiantakoan mean se pahale vyakti the, jinhoanne vyaktigat eeshvar ki upanishadoan tatha vedaant sootroan ke brahm se ekatmata ko apani paddhati ka adhar banaya. vaiyaktik eeshvar ke roop mean brahm mean apani poori sanpoornata ke sath sabhi sadgun hote haian aur ramanuj ne unaka ullekh nahian kiya hai. unhoanne ekatmak aur asimit brahm tatha bahuvadi v simit vishv ke sanbandhoan ki nee tarah se vivechana ki hai, jise upanishadoan ka bhi kuchh samarthan prapt hai. unake lie asimit aur simit ka sanbandh atma aur sharir ke sanbandh ke saman hai. isalie 'advaitavad' ka astitv rahata hai, halaanki inamean vibhed batae ja sakate haian. atma tatha padarth apane astitv ke lie poornat: eeshvar par nirbhar hai, jis prakar sharir atma par nirbhar hai.
vishishtadvait darshan ke anusar- "sharir vishisht hai, jivatma aansh tatha aantaryami paramatma aanshi hai. sansar praranbh hone se poorv 'sookshm chidh chidh vishisht brahm' ki sthiti hoti hai sansar evan jagat ki utpatti ke uparaant 'sthool chidh chidh vishisht brahm' ki sthiti rahati hai. 'tayo ekan iti brahm' apani simaoan ki paridhi se chhoot jana hi moksh hai. muktatmaean eeshvar ki bhaanti ho jati haian- kiantu eeshvar nahian hotian."
paddhatiyaan
eeshvar ke astitv ki do paddhatiyaan haian-
- nimitt (karan)
- phal (parinam)
nimitt ke roop mean vah keval apani sanpoornata ke sapeksh mean apane sar roop mean hai. parinam ke roop mean unaka sharir atma tatha ghatana jagat[8] hai. srijan tatha avashoshan ke in kaloan ke bich ek sajiv samanjasy hai. ramanuj ke lie mukti ya moksh punarjanm se nakaratmak vilagan nahian hai, balki eeshvar ke prati sanpoorn bhakti ke jivan, unaki stuti, mandiroan aur vyaktigat pooja sthaloan mean eeshvar ka gunagan karane tatha usaki sanpoornata par lagatar vishvas karane se prapt kiya ja sakata hai. eeshvar apani anukanpa ke roop mean isaka phal deange, jo bhakt ko mukti prapt karane mean sahayata karega.[7]
prachar-prasar
ramanuj ke bad bhi 'vishishtadvait' phala-phoola aur isaka kafi prachar-prasar bhi hua, lekin eeshvar ki anukanpa ke mahatv ke mudde par isamean phoot p d gee. dakshin bharat ke sanskrit mat 'vadakalai' ke lie mukti prapt karane mean eeshvar ki anukanpa mahattvapoorn hai, lekin manushy ko bhi apani or se poora prayas karana chahie. is vicharadhara ka pratinidhitv chiantak veankatanath karate the, jinhean 'vedaantadeshika'[9] se jana jata tha. uttari tamil mat 'teankalai' ke anusar keval eeshvar ki anukanpa hi avashyak hai. 'vishishtadvait' ka prabhav sudoor uttar tak phaila, jahaan isane vaishnavavad ke punarjagaran mean vishesh bhoomika nibhaee, visheshakar bangal ke bhakt chaitany mahaprabhu (1485-1533) ke netritv mean dakshin bharat mean is darshan ka ab bhi mahattvapoorn bauddhik prabhav hai.
tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ vishnu adharit vaishnav aandolan
- ↑ purohitoan
- ↑ 10vian shatabdi
- ↑ 1 vian shatabdi
- ↑ guru ramanuj, lagabhag 1050-1137
- ↑ shribhashy
- ↑ 7.0 7.1
bharat jnanakosh, khand-5 |lekhak: iandu ramachandani |prakashak: eansaiklopidiya britainika praivet limited, nee dilli aur p aaupyular prakashan, mumbee |sankalan: bharatakosh pustakalay |prishth sankhya: 214 |
- ↑ pratibhasik vishv
- ↑ vedaant ke upadeshak
sanbandhit lekh
shrutiyaan
upaved aur vedaang |
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| upaved |
|
kamandak sootr · kautily arthashastr · chanaky sootr · nitivakyamritasootr · brihaspatey arthadhikarakamh · shukraniti | | |
mukti kalpataroo · vriddh sharangadhar · vaishampayan niti-prakashika · samaraangan sootradhar · adhvaryu | | | | | |
agnigrahasootraraj · ashvinikumar sanhita · ashtaangahriday · indrasootr · charak sanhita · jabalisootr · dalbhy sootr · deval sootr · dhanvantari sootr · dhatuved · brahman sanhita · bhel sanhita · manasootr · shabd kautoohal · sushrut sanhita · soop sootr · sauvari sootr |
| | vedaang |
kalp | | | shiksha |
gautami shiksha (samaved) · naradiy shiksha· paniniy shiksha (rrigved) · bahy shiksha (krishna yajurved) · mandki shiksha (atharvaved) · yajnavalky shiksha (shukl yajurved) · lomashiy shiksha | | vyakaran |
kalp vyakaran · kamadhenu vyakaran · panini vyakaran · prakriti prakash · prakriti vyakaran · mugdhabodh vyakaran · shaktayan vyakaran · sarasvat vyakaran · hemachandr vyakaran | | niruktt |
mukti kalpataroo · vriddh sharangadhar · vaishampayan niti-prakashika · samaraangan sootradhar | | chhand |
gargyaprokt upanidan sootr · chhand manjari · chhandasootr · chhandovichit chhand sootr · chhandoanukramani · chhalapudh vritti · jayadev chhand · janashramaan chhandovichit · vrittaratnakar · veankatamadhav chhandoanukramani · shrutavek | | jyotish |
aryabhatiy jyotish · naradiy jyotish · parashar jyotish · brahmagupt jyotish · bhaskarachary jyotish · varahamihir jyotish · vasishth jyotish · vedaang jyotish |
|
|
upanishad | | rrigvediy upanishad | | | yajurvediy upanishad |
shukl yajurvediy | | | krishna yajurvediy | |
| | samavediy upanishad | | | atharvavediy upanishad | | | | | rrigvediy brahman granth | | | yajurvediy brahman granth |
shukl yajurvediy | | | krishna yajurvediy | |
| | samavediy brahman granth | | | atharvavediy brahman granth | | |
sootr-granth | | rrigvediy sootr-granth | | | yajurvediy sootr-granth |
shukl yajurvediy | | | krishna yajurvediy | |
| | samavediy sootr-granth |
masakasootr · latyayan sootr · khadir shrautasootr · jaiminiy grihyasootr · gobhil grihyasootr · khadir grihyasootr · gautam dharmasootr · drahyayan grihyasootr · drahyayan dharmasootr | | atharvavediy sootr-granth | |
|
shakha | | shakha |
shakal rrigvediy shakha · kanv shukl yajurvediy · madhyandin shukl yajurvediy · taittiriy krishna yajurvediy · maitrayani krishna yajurvediy · kath krishna yajurvediy · kapishthal krishna yajurvediy · shvetashvatar krishna yajurvediy · kauthumi samavediy shakha · jaiminiy samavediy shakha · ranayaniy samavediy shakha · paippalad atharvavediy shakha · shaunakiy atharvavediy shakha | | mantr-sanhita |
rrigved mantr-sanhita · shukl yajurved mantr- sanhita · samaved mantr-sanhita · atharvaved mantr-sanhita | | aranyak | | |
pratisakhy evan anukramanika | | rrigvediy pratisakhy |
shaankhayan pratishakhy · brihad pratishakhy · arshanukramanika · ashvalayan pratishakhy · chhandonukramanika · rrigpratishakhy · devatanukramanika · sarvanukramanika · anuvakanukramanika · brihadvatanukramanika · rrigh vijnan | | yajurvediy pratisakhy |
shukl yajurvediy |
katyayan shulvasootr · katyayanukramanika · vajasaneyi pratishakhy | | krishna yajurvediy |
taittiriy pratishakhy |
| | samavediy pratisakhy |
shaunakiya chaturdhyapika |
|
|
smriti sahity |
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| smritigranth | | | puran | | | mahakavy | | | darshan | | | nibandh |
jimootavahan krit : dayabhag · kalavivek · vyavahar matrika · aniruddh krit : pitridayita · haralata · ballalasen krit :acharasagar · pratishthasagar · adbhutasagar · shridhar upadhyay krit : kalamadhav · dattakamimaansa · parasharamadhav · gotr-pravar nirnay · muhoortamadhav · smritisangrah · vratyastom-paddhati · nandapandit krit : shraddh-kalpalata · shuddhi-chandrika · tattvamuktavali · dattak mimaansa · · narayanabhatat krit : tristhali-setu · antyeshti-paddhati · prayog ratnakar · kamalakar bhatt krit: nirnayasindhu · shoodrakamalakar · danakamalakar · poortakamalakar · vedaratn · prayashchittaratn · vivad tandav · kashinath upadhyay krit : dharmasindhu · nirnayamrit · purusharth-chintamani · shoolapani krit : smriti-vivek (apoorn) · raghunandan krit : smriti-tattv · chandeshvar krit : smriti-ratnakar · vachaspati mishr : vivad-chintamani · devan bhatat krit : smriti-chandrika · hemadri krit : chaturvarg-chintamani · nilakandabhatat krit : bhagavant bhaskar · mitramishr krit: vir-mitroday · lakshmidhar krit : krity-kalpataru · jagannath tarkapanchanan krit : vivadarnav | | agam |
vaishnavagam |
ahirbudhny-sanhita · eeshvar-sanhita · kapilajanli-sanhita · jayakhy-sanhita · padmatantr-sanhita · parashar-sanhita · brihadbrahm-sanhita · bharadvaj-sanhita · lakshmi-sanhita · vishnutilak-sanhita · vishnu-sanhita · shriprashn-sanhita · sattvat-sanhita | | shaivagam |
tattvatray · tattvaprakashika · tattvasangrah · tatpary sangrah · nareshvar pariksha · nadakarika · paramoksh-nirashakarika · pashupat sootr · bhogakarika · mokshakarika · ratnatray · shrutisooktimala · soot-sanhita | | shaktagam |
vamagam |
advaitabhavopanishad · arunopanishad · kalikopanishad · kaulopanishad · taropanishad · tripuropanishad · brahichopanishad · bhavanopanishad | | mishramarg |
kalanidhi · kularnav · kuleshvari · chandrak · jyotsravati · durvasas · barhaspaty · bhuvaneshvari | | samayachar |
vasishthasanhita · shukrasanhita · sanakasanhita · sanatkumarasanhita · sanandanasanhita | | tantrik sadhana |
kalivilas · kularnav · kool-choo damani · jnanarnav · tantraraj · tripura-rahasy · dakshinamoorti-sanhita · namakeshvar · prapanchasar · mantr-maharnav · mahanirvan · rudrayamal · shaktisangam-tantr · sharada-tilak |
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varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj