विश्व की प्रमुख भाषाओं में हिन्दी का स्थान -डॉ. रामजीलाल जांगिड
| chitr:Icon-edit.gif | yah lekh svatantr lekhan shreni ka lekh hai. is lekh mean prayukt samagri, jaise ki tathy, aank de, vichar, chitr adi ka, sanpoorn uttaradayitv is lekh ke lekhak/lekhakoan ka hai bharatakosh ka nahian. |
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- lekhak- d aau. ramajilal jaangid
vishv bhar mean bolachal ke lie lagabhag 3,500 bhashaoan aur boliyoan ka prayog kiya jata hai, kiantu ek manushy se doosare manushy tak likhakar bat pahuanchane mean inamean se 500 se adhik bhashaoan ya boliyoan ka istemal nahian hota. maukhik aur likhit donoan prakar ke sanchar ke lie kam ane ane vali bhashaoan mean se lagabhag 16 bhashaean aisi haian, jinaka vyavahar 5 karo d se adhik log karate haian. vishv ki ye 16 pramukh bhashaean haian: arabi, aangreji, italavi, urdoo, chini parivar ki bhashaean, jarman, japani, tamil, telugu, purtagali, phraansisi, baangala, malay-bahasa (bhasha), roosi, speni aur hindi.
yah gaurav ki bat hai ki bharat hi aisa ekamatr desh hai, jisaki paanch bhashaean vishv ki 16 pramukh bhashaoan ki soochi mean shamil haian. bharatiy bhashaean bolane vale vyakti bharat sahit 137 deshoan mean phaile hue haian. lekin yah du:kh ki bat hai ki is soochi mean shamil bharatiy bhashaoan mean pramukh hindi ka vyavahar karane valoan ki pramanik sankhya ab tak nahian jani ja saki hai.
vishv ki pramukh bhashaoan ka vyavahar karane valoan ke bare mean pashchimi deshoan ke kee vidvanoan ne sarvekshan kie haian, kiantu in sab ke nishkarshoan mean hajaroan ka aantar hai. durbhagyavash ek bhi pashchimi vidvan aisa nahian hai, jisane bharat ki janaganana mean matribhashaoan ke bare mean ekatr kie ge aank doan ka vishleshan karake aur any deshoan ke hindi bhashiyoan ke aank doan ka vishleshan karake aur any deshoan ke hindi bhashiyoan ke aank de jama karake vishv ki pramukh bhashaoan ki soochi mean hindi ka sahi sthan nirdharit kiya ho. any deshoan ke vidvanoan ko hi kyoan dosh dean, jab svayan bharat aur any 136 deshoan mean rahane valean karo doan bharatavasiyoan mean se kisi ne bhi ab tak is disha mean vaijnanik dhang se shodh nahian kiya hai. vishv bhashaoan mean hindi ka sahi sthan talashane ka kam tritiy vishv hindi sammelan se hi shuroo kar diya jae to achchha rahega.
vashiangatan vishvavidyalay ke prophesar sidani kulabart dvara 1970 mean jama kie ge aank doan ke anusar bolane valoan ki sankhya ki drishti se vishv ki pramukh bhashaoan mean (chin aur aangreji ke bad) hindi ka tisara sthan tha. amarika aur phraans ke kuchh vidvanoan ne (chini, aangreji aur roosi ke bad) hindi ko speni ke sath chautha sthan diya hai. kintu meri manyata hai ki vishv ki pramukh bhashaoan mean (chini ke bad) hindi ka doosara sthan hai. mujhe lagata hai ki pashchimi vidvanoan ne bharatiy bhashaean balane valoan ke aank doan ka gaharaee se vishleshan nahian kiya. maian apane ukt nishkarsh par do dhangoan se pahuancha hooan: pahale, bharat ke rajyoan aur sangh kshetroan ki 1971 ki janasankhya ka vishleshan karake, doosare vibhinn bharatiy bhashaoan aur boliyoan ka vyavahar karane valoan ki sankhya ki jaanch-p datal karake.
videshi vidvanoan ne bharati ki janaganana (1971) ke aank doan ke adhar par apani talikaean banaee haian, isalie pahale yah jaanch karana zaroori hai ki bharat ki janaganana (1971) mean hindi v any bharatiy bhashaoan ke sath kya bartav kiya gaya hai? janaganana karane valoan ne yah prashn poochha hota ki kya matribhasha ke alava ap hindi janate, bolane ya samajhate haian to hindi ka vyavahar karane valoan ki sahi sthiti samane a jati. kiantu janaganana vibhag ne bhashaoan aur boliyoan ke aank de taiyar karate samay kee vichitr bharatiy bhashaoan ki hi khoj kar dali hai. udaharan ke lie janaganana vibhag dvara prakashit aankadoan ke anusar 1971 mean bharat mean 73,847 log ‘kisan’ bhasha, 25,066 log ‘kshatriy’ bhasha, 24,624 log ‘islami’ aur 5,111 vyakti ‘rajapooti’ bhasha bolate haian. vastav mean kisan kheti karane vale ko kahate haian, jabaki kshatriy ya rajapoot jatisoochak shabd haian aur islam ek sanpraday hai. vyavasay, jati ya dharm ko matribhasha bana dena kaise uchit kaha ja sakata hai? in aank doan ka khokhalapan isase jyada kya prakat hoga ki rajasthani ke vibhinn roopoan— marava di, dhooandhari, meva di aur ha dauti ko svatantr matribhashaean manate hue, inaka vyavahar karane valoan ke alag aank de die ge haian. rajasthan mean sarakari kamakaj, janasanchar, vyapar aur shiksha ka madhyam hindi hai, isalie inhean hindi parivar mean hi shamil kiya jana chahie tha. yahi vyavahar braj, avadhi, bihari, bhojapuri, maithili, magahi, poorvi, nagari aur hindustani ke aantargat die ge aank doan ke sath kiya jana chahie tha. kuchh shaharoan ke nam se bhi ‘bhashaean’ de di gee haian. jaise: bhagalapuri, vilasapuri, nagapuri, mujaphpharapuri, hajaribag aur jayapuri.
is doshapoorn soochana ya nasamajhi ka parinam yah hua ki 1971 ki janaganana mean 54.78 karo d se kuchh adhik bharatiyoan mean hindibhashiyoan ki sankhya ghatakar keval 15.37 karo d se kuchh jyada rah gee. jabaki us samay vastav mean hindi ka vyavahar karane valoan ki sankhya 40 karo d thi.
hindi ko chautha sthan dene vale vidvan chini, aangreji, roosi, aur hindi ka vyavahar karane valoan ki sankhya kramash: 70,30,20 aur 16.5 karo d manate haian. isi soochi mean bihari, rajasthani, bhili aur goandi bolane valoan ki sankhya kramash: 4 karo d, 1.5 karo d, 20 lakh aur 15 lakh di gee hai. jin rajyoan mean in boliyoan ka vyavahar hota hai, unamean rajakaj, janasanchar, shiksha, vyapar aur ghar ke bahar sanpark ki bhasha hindi hi hai. isalie jis tarah chini ke vibhinn roopoan ko ‘chini bhasha parivar’ ke aantargat gina gaya hai, usi tarah se in boanliyoan ko ‘hindi bhasha parivar’ ke aantargat shamil kiya jana chahie. in boliyoan ka vyavahar karane valoan ki sankhya hindi bhashiyoan ki oopar di gee sankhya (16.5 karo d) mean shamil hone se yog roosi bhashiyoan ki sankhya (20 karo d) aur gujarati bolane valoan ki sankhyaoan ka yog 16.6 karo d hai. in bhashaoan ka istemal karane vale bhi hindi philmoan, hindi prasaranoan, hindi patr-patrikaoan aur pustakoan se asani se labh uthate haian. dasare shabdoan mean inake dainik vyavahar mean hindi ki paith hai. yadi inhean hindi parivar mean shamil kar liya jae, to yog aangreji ka vyavahar karane valoan (30 karo d) se 8.95 karo d adhik pahuanch jata hai. in kshetroan mean hindi kshetroan ke log bhi kafi sankhya mean base hue haian. isalie yadi poori tarah inhean shamil karane mean hichakichahat ho to inake adhe (8.3 karo d) logoan ko bhi hindi janane samajhane valoan ki soochi mean rakh liya jae tab bhi yog aangreji bhashiyoan se age chala jata hai.
ab ham rajyoan ki drishti se vichar karate haian. himachal pradesh, hariyana, chandigadh, dilli, rajasthan, uttar pradesh, madhy pradesh aur bihar ki 1971 mean sanyukt janasankhya 22.99 karo d se kuchh adhik thi. yah sankhya bhi hindi-bhashiyoan ki sankhya 16.5 karo d manane ke marg mean badha hai. jammoo-kashmir, panjab, gujarat, maharashtr, gova, daman v div tatha aandaman v nikobar dvip samooh mean kul janasankhya 9.61 karo d se kuchh adhik thi. in kshetroan mean hindi se aparichit shayad hi koee ho, yadi hindi ka vyavahar karane valoan mean inaki sankhya mila dean to yog 32.60 karo d ho jata hai. bharat ki 1971 ki janasankhya (54.79 karo d se kuchh adhik) mean yah sankhya ghatane par 22.19 karo d ka aank da bachata hai. ye log 15 rajyoan aur sangh kshetroan mean bikhare hue the. jinake nam is prakar haian: 1. mijoram, 2. manipur, 3. nagalaiand, 4. arunachal, 5. asam, 6. meghalay, 7. tripura, 8. pashchimi bangal, 9. o disha, 10. tamilanadu, 11. paandicheri, 12. laksh dvip v minikoy dvip samooh, 13. keral, 14. karnatak aur 15. aandhr pradesh. inamean se ek tihaee log bhi hindi bolane v samajhane vale mane jaean to bharat mean hi hindi bolane valoan ki sankhya 40 karo d ho jati hai. o disha, tamilanadu, karnatak, aandhrapradesh aur pashchimi bangal mean hindi kshetroan ke kafi log base hue haian. yah bat bhi dhyan mean rakhi jani chahie. is tarah hindi ka vyavahar karane valoan ki sankhya 1971 mean roosi ka vyavahar karane valoan se duguni aur aangreji ka upayog karane valoan se sava guni mani ja sakati hai.
pashchimi vidvanoan ne chini bhasha ka mukhy kshetr chin, aangreji ka amarika, kanada, ianglaiand, ayaralaiand, astreliya aur nyoojilaiand, roosi ka soviyat sangh tatha hindi ka keval bharat mana hai. 15 julaee 1980 ke aank doan ke anusar ek karo d 10 lakh bharatiy 136 deshoan mean bikhare hue the. inamean nepal, shrilanka, maleshiya aur m aaurishas mean bharatavanshiyoan ka vishesh jamav tha. udaharan ke lie keval nepal mean hi 38 lakh bharatiy base hue the. isalie hindi janane valoan ki sahi sankhya nirdharit karate samay in deshoan ko bhool jana thik nahian hoga. isi prakar pakistan aur bangala desh mean urdoo tatha bangala rajabhashaean hone ke bavajood hindi ya hindustani am taur par samajhi jani vali videshi bhasha hai. yadi aangreji ke prabhav kshetr mean oopar die ge deshoan ke alava aangrejoan ke bhootapoorv upaniveshoan ke do pratishat aangreji bolane ya samajhane valoan ko bhi jo d liya jae tab bhi aangreji ka vyavahar karane valoan ki sankhya hindi janane-samajhane valoan ki tulana mean kam hi rahegi. ham log stetsamain iyarabuk ke 119 vean sanskaran (1982-83) ko adhar manean tab pata chalata hai ki aangreji ke mool kshetr mane jane vale deshoan amarika (1980 ki janasankhya 22.65), gret-briten (1981 ki janasankhya 5.593 karo d), kanada (1981 ki janasankhya 2.42 karo d), astreliya (1980 ki janasankhya 1.462 karo d), ayaralaiand (1979 ki janasankhya 33.7 lakh), aur nyoojilaiand (1981 ki janasankhya 32 lakh) ki sanyukt janasankhya 1981 ke as-pas 32.782 karo d thi. jabaki isi varsh bharat ki janasankhya 68.39 karo d thi. bharat ke lagabhag 70 pratishat log rajakaj, janasanchar, shiksha, vyapar ya ghar ke bahar sanpark ke lie hindi ka prayog karate haian. yah manane par hindi ka vyavahar karane valoan ki sankhya 47.87 karo d ban jati hai. jo vishv bhar mean aangreji ke gadh deshoan ki kul janasankhya ke lagabhag dedh guna ke barabar hai. yadi bharat mean adhe logoan ko bhi hindi vyavahar karane valoan mean gina jae tab bhi aangreji ki tulana mean hindi ka hi pal da bhari p data hai aur hindi vishv ki doosari pramukh bhasha ban jati hai.
tika tippani aur sandarbh
bahari k diyaan
sanbandhit lekh
| kramaank | lekh ka nam | lekhak |
varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
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