बीभत्स रस

bibhats ras kavy mean many nav rasoan mean apana vishisht sthan rakhata hai. isaki sthiti du:khatmak rasoan mean mani jati hai. is drishti se karun, bhayanak tatha raudr, ye tin ras isake sahayogi ya sahachar siddh hote haian. shant ras se bhi isaki nikatata many hai, kyoanki bahudha bibhatsata ka darshan vairagy ki prerana deta hai aur antat: shant ras ke sthayi bhav sham ka poshan karata hai.

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bhayanak ras ka utpadak

'bharat' (tisari shati ee.) ke ‘natyashastr’ mean bibhats ras ko char mukhy utpatti hetu rasoan mean mana gaya hai- ‘bibhatsachch bhayanak:’. isake anusar bibhats ras bhayanak ras ka utpadak hai. bibhats ras ka sthayi bhav 'jugutsa' hai, jo bhayanak ras ke sthayi bhay ka mool prerak rahata hai. bhay yadyapi atank adi anek karanoan se bhi utpann ho sakata hai, par sookshm drishti se bhayajanit palayan ke mool mean aisi kisi n kisi sthiti ki kalpana avashy hi nihit pratit hoti hai, jo bhitar se ghrina ya jugutsa ka bhav jagati hai. 'dhananjay' (dasavian shati. ee.) ne rasoan mean kary karan-sambandh manane ka virodh kiya hai. ye ukt hetu bhav ko ‘sabhed’ ki apeksha dvara siddh manate haian. bibhats ras shrriangar ras ka virodhi samajha jata hai, kyoanki jugutsa utpann karane vale prasang ke a jane se shrriangar ras mean rasabhas ki sthiti a jati hai. shrriangar ‘hridy’ hai aur bibhats ‘ahridy’ arthath hriday dvara agrahy.

utpatti

bibhats ras ka parichay dete hue bharat ne usaki utpatti ahridy, apriyavesh, anisht-shravan, anisht-darshan tatha anisht-parikirtan adi vibhavoan se batayi hai. sarvahar, arthath sab aangoan ki nishkriyata, mukh-netr-vighoornan, arthath mukh-netr ka sankuchit hona, vaman, kampan adi ko anubhav mana gaya hai. sanchari ya vyabhichariyoan mean apasmar, veg, moh, vyadhi, maran, adi ki ganana ki gayi hai. pun: anabhihitadarshanash, rasagandhasparsh-shabdakosh, udvejan adi se bhi bibhats ki utpatti nirdisht ki gayi hai tatha nayananasaprachchhadan, avanamit mukh hone par evan avyakt-pad-patan ke dvara usake abhinay ka adesh diya gaya hai. ‘natyashastr’ mean hi bibhats ras ka devata mahakal tatha varn nil mana gaya hai. shaili ki drishti se usake varnan mean guru aksharoan ka prayog uchit bataya gaya hai. karun ras mean bhi yahi vidhan hai.

samasya

karun ras ki tarah bibhats ras ko lekar bhi anandopalabdhi ki samasya uthayi gayi hai. adhunik marathi lekhakoan mean vatave ka mat to yah hai ki ‘svatantr asvadan ke abhav’ mean ise ras-vyavastha se nikal hi dena chahie. kelakar ne bhi lagabhag isaka samarthan kiya hai. bedekar ki dharana hai ki yah bat bibhats ras ko adhunik manovijnan ki kasauti par taulane aur bharat-pranit ras-vyavastha ka mool adhar n samajhane ke karan hi huee hai. bharat ne rasoan ki kalpana dvandvaroop mean ki hai aur is prakar bibhats ras shrriangar ras ke sath milakar ek avichchhey ‘dvandv’ ki srishti karata hai.

vibhajan

apane natyashastr mean bharat ne bibhats ras ke vibhajan ki bhi vyavastha kar di hai, yatha-

‘bibhats: kshobhaj: shuddh: udvegi syattritiyak:. vishthakrimibhirudvegi kshobhajo rudhiradij:’.

is kathan k anusar bibhats ras ke tin bhed hote haian-

1. kshobhaj
2. shuddh
3. udvegi

kshobhaj ki utpatti rudhiradri ke dekhane se man mean kshobh ka sanchar hone par hoti hai aur udvegi vishtha tatha krimi ke sampark dvara udabhoot hota hai. shuddh bibhats ki vyakhya bharat ke is tarah vibhajan mean nahian milati. jugutsa ka samany bhav hi kadachit usaka utpadak hai, jisamean kisi tatkalik sthool vastu ki apeksha nahian hoti. ‘bhavaprakash’ namak sanskrit ke granth ke rachayita sharadatanay (13vian shati. ee.) ne ukt bhedoan mean se keval ‘kshobhaj’ aur ‘udvegi’ ko hi manyata pradan ki hai. ‘shuddh’ unhean many nahian hua. dhananjay (10vian shati. ee.) ne ‘dasharoopak’ mean bharat ke tinoan bhedoan ko yathavath svikar kar liya hai. bhanudatt (13-14vian shati. ee.) ne ‘rasatarangini’ mean karun ras ki tarah bibhats ras ke bhi ‘svanisht’ aur ‘paranishth’ do roop mane haian. sahity darpanakar vishvanath (14vian shati. ee.) ne bharat dvara nirdisht batoan ko jyoan ka tyoan bibhats ras ke lakshan mean samavisht kar liya hai, par usake bhedoan ka koee ullekh nahian kiya hai.

sthayi bhav

bibhats ras ke sthayi bhav jugutsa ki utpatti do karanoan se mani gayi hai, ek vivek aur doosara avastha bhed. pahale ko ‘vivekaja’ aur dvitiy ko ‘prayaki’ sanjna di jati hai. vivekaja jugutsa se shuddh bibhats tatha prayaki se kshobhaj aur udvegi bibhats ko sambaddh kiya ja sakata hai. adhikaansh hindi kavyacharyoan ne ‘jugutsa’ ke sthan par ‘ghrina’ ko bibhats ras ka sthayi bhav bataya hai. bhikharidas ne likha hai- ‘ghinate haian bibhats ras’. par kahian-kahian kaviyoan ne donoan hi shabdoan ka prayog kiya hai, jaise dev ne-

'vastu ghinauni dekhi suni ghin upaje jiy maanhi.
chhin badhe bibhats ras, chit ki ruchi mit jaanhi.
nindy karm kari nindy gati, sunai ki dekhai koi.
tan sankoch man sambhramaru dvividh jugutsa hoi.'

isase siddh hota hai ki ghrina ya ghin ko kaviyoan ne jugutsa ka paryay samajhakar hi prayukt kiya hai. dev ne yahaan jugutsa ki dvivadh utpatti mani hai, par vah vivekaja aur prayaki ke samantar nahian hai.

chitran

kabhi-kabhi bibhats ras ka kuchh any rasoan se prithakkaran kathin ho jata hai. shant aur bhakti ras ke prasang mean bhi nari ke prati vairagy bhavana vyakt karane ki drishti se athava kshanabhangur sharir ke prati moh kam karane ke lie inaka bibhatsatapoorn chitran kiya jata hai aur sanskrit ke stotroan mean ‘naristanabharanabhiniveshamh.........etanmaansavasadivikaramh’ arthath nari ke vividh aang maans-majja ke vikar matr haian, kaha gaya hai, athava jaise sooradas ne likha hai- ‘ja din man panchhi u di jaihai. ta din maian tanakai vishtha krimi kai hvai khak u daihaian’ aise sthaloan par jugutsa svayan sthayi bhav n hokar sham ka sahayak sanchari jaisa pratit hota hai. atev yahaan bibhats ras nahian mana jayega.

mukhy prayog

hindi kavyoan mean bibhats ras mukhyat: yuddh varnan ke prasangoan mean milata hai. pauranik parampara ki kathaoan ke antargat rakshasoan aur danavoan ke kriya-kalap tatha narak adi ke chitran mean bhi bibhats ras ka vishesh samavesh rahata hai aur kavy mean unaka varnan bhi pray: bibhats ras ki koti mean ata hai. ‘kavitavali ramayan’ mean tulasidas ne bibhats ka ek sthal par achchha chitran kiya hai-

'aujhari ki jhori kaandhe, aantani ki selhi baandhe, mooand ke kamandal, khapar kiye korikai.
jogini jhutund jhund-jhund bani tapas-si, tir-tir baithian so samarasari khori kai.'

vir kavyoan mean yuddhabhoomi ke varnanoan mean isaka vishesh upayog hua hai. isi prakar harishchandr ne apane natak ‘harishchandr’ mean shmashanabhoomi ka chitran kiya hai.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

sanbandhit lekh

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