वेदांग

• vedoan ke arth ko achchhi tarah samajhane mean vedaang kafi sahayak hote haian. vedaang shabd se abhipray hai- 'jisake dvara kisi vastu ke svaroop ko samajhane mean sahayata mile'. vedaango ki kul sankhya 6 hai, jo is prakar hai-

1. shiksha - vaidik vakyoan ke spasht uchcharan hetu isaka nirman hua. vaidik shiksha sambandhi prachinatam sahity 'pratishakhy' hai.
2. kalp - vaidik karmakandoan ko sampann karavane ke lie nishchit kie gaye vidhi niyamoan ka pratipadan 'kalpasootr' mean kiya gaya hai.
3. vyakaran - isake antargat samasoan evan sandhi adi ke niyam, namoan evan dhatuoan ki rachana, upasarg evan pratyay ke prayog adi ke niyam bataye gaye haian. panini ki ashtadhyayi prasiddh vyakaran granth hai.
4. nirookt - shabdoan ki vyutpatti evan nirvachan batalane vale shastr 'nirookt' kahalatean hai. klisht vaidik shabdoan ke sankalan ‘nighantu‘ ki vyakhya hetu yask ne 'nirookt' ki rachana ki thi, jo bhasha shastr ka pratham granth mana jata hai.
5. chhand - vaidik sahity mean mukhy roop se gayatri, trishtup, jagati, vrihati adi chhandoan ka prayog kiya gaya hai. piangal ka chhandashastr prasiddh hai.
6. jyotish - isamean jyotish shastr ke vikas ko dikhaya gaya hai. isakean prachinatam achary 'lagadh muni' hai.

• ved purush ke 6 aang mane gaye haian- kalp, shiksha, chhand, vyakaran, nirukt tatha jyotish. mundakopanishad mean ata hai-

'tasmai s ho vach. dvai vidye veditabye iti h sm yadbrahm vidyau vadanti para chaivopara ch॥
tatrapara rrigvedo yajurved: samavedoarth ved: shiksha kalpo vyakaranan niruktan chhandojyotishamiti. ath para yatha tadaksharamadhigamyate॥'

'arthat manushy ko janane yogy do vidyaean haian-para aur apara. unamean charoan vedoan ke shiksha, kalp, vyakaran, nirukt, chhand, jyotish- ye sab 'apara' vidya haian tatha jisase vah avinashi parabrahm tattv se jana jata hai, vahi 'para' vidya hai.'

• in chh: ko is prakar bataya gaya hai- jyotish ved ke do netr haian, nirukt 'kan' hai, shiksha 'nak', vyakaran 'mukh' tatha kalp 'donoan hath' aur chhand 'donoan paanv' haian-

shiksha ghranan tu vedasy, hastau kalpoath pathyate mukhan vyakaranan smritamh.
nirukt shrautamuchyate, chhand: padautu vedasy jyotishamayanan chakshu:॥

• vaidikamantroan ke svar, akshar, matra evan uchcharan ki vivechana 'shiksha' se hoti hai. shikshagranth jo upalabdh haian-paniniy shiksha (rrigved), vyas shiksha (krishna yajurved), yajnavalky adi 25 shikshagranth (shukl yajurved), gautami, naradiy, lomashi shiksha (samaved) tatha mandooki shiksha (atharvaved).
• bhasha niyamoan ka sthirikaran 'vyakaran' ka kary hai. shakatayan vyakaran sootr tatha paniniy vyakaran yajurved se sambaddh mane jate haian. inake atirikt sarasvat vyakaran, prakrit prakash, prakrit vyakaran, kamadhenu vyakaran, hemachandr vyakaran adi anek vyakaran shastr ke granth bhi haian. sabhi par anek bhashy evan tikaean likhi gayi haian. anek vyakaran-granth lupt ho ge haian.
• vedoan ki vyakhya paddhati batana 'nirukt' ka kary hai. isake anek granth lupt haian. nirukt ko vedoan ka vishvakosh kaha gaya hai. ab yask ka nirukt granth upalabdh hai, jis par anek bhashy rachanaean huee haian.
• 'chhand' ke kuchh granth hi milate haian, jisamean vaidik chhandoan par gargyaprokt upanidan-sootr (samavediy), piangal nag prokt chhand: sootr (chhandovichit) veankat madhav kh d dat chhandoanukramani, jayadev krit chhandasootr ke atirikt laukik chhandoan par chhandashastr (halayudh vritti), chhandomanjari, vritt ratnakar, shrutabodh adi haian.
• jab brahman-granthoan mean yajn-yagadi ki karmakaandiy vyakhya mean vyavaharagat kathinaiyaan aeean, tab kalpasootroan ki 'pratishakha' mean rachana huee. rrigved ke pratishakhy vargadvay vritti mean kaha gaya hai-

'kalpau ved vihitanaan karmanamanupoorvyen kalpanashastramh.'

'arthath 'kalp' ved pratipadit karmoan ka bhali-prakar vichar prastut karane vala shastr hai. kalp mean yajnoan ki vidhiyoan ka varnan hota hai.'

• jyotish ka mukhy prayojan sanskar evan yajnoan ke lie muhoort nirdharan karana hai evan yajnasthali, mandap adi ka nam batalana hai. is samay lagadhachary ke vedaang jyotish ke atirikt samany jyotish ke anek granth hai. narad, parashar, vasishth adi rrishiyoan ke granthoan ke atirikt varahamihir, aryabhat, brahmagupt, bhaskarachary ke jyotish granth prakhyat haian. puratan kal mean jyotish granth charoan vedoan ke alag-alag the-arsh jyotish (rrigved), yajush jyotish (yajurved) aur atharvan jyotish (atharvaved).

sanbandhit lekh

shrutiyaan

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