वैशेषिक सूत्र

maharshi kanad aur unaka vaisheshikasootr

maharshi kanad vaisheshikasootr ke nirmata, parampara se prachalit vaisheshik siddhantoan ke kramabaddh sangrahakarta evan vaisheshik darshan ke samudbhavak mane jate haian. vah ulook, kashyap, pailuk adi namoan se bhi prakhyat haian maharshi ke ye sabhi nam sabhipray aur sakaran haian.

kanad nam ka adhar

kanad shabd ki vyutpatti aur vyakhya vibhinn acharyoan ne vibhinn prakar se ki hai. unamean se kuchh ke mantavy is prakar haian—

vyomashiv ne 'kananh attiti kanad:'- adi vyutpattiyoan ki samiksha karane ke anantar yah kaha ki ye asad vyakhyan haian. unhoanne 'kechan anye' kahakar nimnalikhit paribhasha ka bhi ullekh kiya- 'asachchodyanirasarthan kananh dadati dayate iti va kanad:.'
shridhar— kanadamiti tasy kapotian vrittimanutishthat: rathyanipatit-tandunaladay pratyahan kritaharanimitta sanjna. niravakash: kananh va bhakshayatu iti yatr tatr upalambhastatrabhavatamh.^[1] shridhar ka yah vichar chintaniy hai ki kanad ki kapoti vritti ke adhar par hi vaisheshikoan ke prati yah upalambh kiya jata hai ki- 'ab koee upay n rahane ke karan kanoan ko khaiye.'
udayan adi acharyoan ka yah mat hai ki maheshvar ki kripa ko prapt karake kanad ne is shastr ka pranayan kiya- 'kananh paramanoonh atti siddhantatvenatmasath karoti iti kanad:.' at: unako kanad kaha gaya.
uparyukt sabhi vyakhyaoan ki samiksha ke bad yah kaha ja sakata hai ki kanad sanjna ek shastriy paddhati ke vaishishtray ke karan hai, n ki kapoti vritti ke karan.

ulook ya aulooky nam ka adhar

vaisheshik sootrakar ko ulook ya aulooky bhi kaha jata hai. inake ulook nam ke sambandh mean yah kianvadanti prachalit hai ki yah din mean granthoan ki rachana karate the aur rat mean ulook pakshi ke saman jivikoparjan karate the.^[2]

vyomashiv bhi is sandarbh mean yah kahate haian- 'anyaistu dharmai: sah dharmin upadesh: krit:. keneti-vina pakshina ulooken'.

nyayalilavati ki bhoomika mean bhi yah ullekh hai- 'munaye kanaday svayamishvar ulookaroopadhari pratyakshibhooy dravyagunakarmasamanyavisheshasamavayalakshanan padarthashatkamupadidesh.'

jainachary abhayadev soori ne bhi sammatitark ki vyakhya mean yah kaha ki 'etadevoktan bhagavata paramarshina aulookyen'. inako aulooky bhi kaha jata hai, aur is sandarbh mean kuchh vidvanoan dvara yah mana jata hai ki ulook inake pita ka nam tha at: ulook ke putr hone ke karan yah aulooky kahalate haian.

liangapuran mean yah sandarbh milata hai ki akshapad muni aur ulook muni shiv ke avatar the. mahabharat mean upalabdh tathyoan ke anusar sharashayya mean p de hue bhishm pitamah ki mrityu ke samay any rrishiyoan ke sath ulook bhi the. vahi ulook ya aulooky muni vaisheshik darshan ke pravartak the.^[3]

naishadhiyacharit mahakavy ki prakash tika ke rachayita narayan bhatt ne kanad aur ulook shabdoan ko ek doosare ka paryayavachi mana hai.^[4]

pailuk nam ka adhar

pailuk nam se bhi kanad ka ullekh kiya jata hai. paramanu ka ek paryayavachi shabd pilu bhi hai. at: paramanu-siddhant ke pravartak ko pailuk aur vaisheshik ko pailukasampraday bhi kaha jata hai.

kashyap nam ka adhar

kashyap gotr mean utpann hone ke karan kanad ko kashyap bhi kaha jata hai. is nam ka ullekh prashastapad ne padarth dharm-sangrah mean is prakar kiya hai- 'viruddhasiddhasandigdhamaliangan kashyapoabravith॥^[5]'

kashyap kanad ka gotranam tha. udayanachary ne bhi is tathy ka ullekh kiya hai.

vayupuran mean yah bataya gaya hai ki kanad prabhas tirth mean rahate the aur shiv ke avatar the.

vaisheshik sootr ka rachanakal

vaisheshik darshan ka adhar kanadapranit vaisheshik sootr hai. jaise any bharatiy darshanoan aur samagr bharatiy jnan-vijnan ke mool tattv anadi kal se chale a rahe haian aur sanket roop mean vedoan mean upalabdh hote haian, vaisi hi sthiti vaisheshik ke mool siddhantoan ke sambandh mean bhi hai. jaise gautam, kapil, jaimini aur vyas adi rrishi nyay, saankhy, mimaansa, vedant adi darshanoan ke drashta, sootranirmata ya sangrahak achary haian, vaise hi kanad bhi vaisheshik darshan ke sangrahak ya siddhant roop mean poorvaprachalit kathanoan ko sootraroop mean kramabaddh karane vale achary haian. haan, is samay jo vanamay vaisheshik darshan ke roop mean upalabdh hota hai, usaka adhar pramukhataya kanad pranit vaisheshik sootr hi hai. kaha jata hai ki nyay aur vaisheshik donoan maheshvar darshan haian. pahale anvikshiki nam mean sambhavat: donoan ka samavesh hota tha.

vaisheshik sootr ke rachana-kal ke sanbandh mean yah jnatavy hai ki achary kautily dvara tisari shatabdi eesvi poorv mean rachit arthashastr mean vaisheshik shabd ka ullekh nahian hai (yadyapi yah sambhav hai ki unhoanne anvikshiki mean hi vaisheshik ko bhi samahit man liya ho). jabaki charak dvara kanishk ke samay eesviy pratham shatabdi mean rachit charak sanhita mean vaisheshik ke shatpadarthoan ka ullekh hai. is adhar par d aau. uee jaise katipay vidvanoan ne apana yah mat banaya ki vaisheshik sootr ka rachanakal 150 ee. mana ja sakata hai.^[6] kintu mahamahopadhyay kuppoosvami jaise any vidvanoan ki yah dharana hai ki vaisheshik sootr ki rachana 400 ee. poorv huee.^[7]

vaisheshik darshan ka vidhivat ullekh sarvapratham milind pahn mean milata hai. vaisheshik aur bauddh darshan ka ullekh chin ki prachin parampara mean bhi upalabdh hota hai. bauddh achary harivarma (260 ee.) ke lekh se pata chalata hai ki vaisheshik ka sansthapak chalook tha, jisaka samay buddh se 800 varsh poorv tha. yah to pray: sarvasvikrit tathy hai ki nyay darshan ki apeksha vaisheshik darshan prachin hai. d aau. jaikovi ne vaisheshik sootroan ka samay eesviy dvitiy shatabdi se lekar eesviy pancham shatabdi tak ke antaral mean mana hai.^[8]

udayavir shastri ne kanad ka kal mahabharat se poorv mana hai.^[9]

bodats ke anusar kanad ka samay 400 ee. se poorv tatha 500 ee. ke bad nahian rakha ja sakata. pro. garbe aur radhakrishnan prabhriti vidvanoan ka yah mat hai ki vaisheshik sootr ka nirman nyay sootr se pahale hua, kyoanki vaisheshik sootr ka prabhav nyayasootr par parilakshit hota hai; jabaki vaisheshik sootr par nyay sootr ka prabhav nahian dikhaee deta. adhikatar vidvanoan ka yah mat hai ki nyay sootr ka prabhav nahian dikhaee deta. adhikatar vidvanoan ka yah mat hai ki nyay sootr ki rachana doosari shati mean huee. at: vaisheshik sootr ki rachana dvitiy shati se pahale huee. sarvadarshan sangrah prabhriti granthoan mean darshanoan ka udbhav pray: upanishadoan se mana gaya hai, kintu pro. ech. uee jaise vidvanoan ka yah mat hai ki vaisheshik ka udbhav upanishad se nahian, apitu lok ke samany vicharoan se hua. kautily ke arthashastr tatha jain granthoan se bhi isaki pushti hoti hai.^[10]

uparyukt vibhinn matoan par dhyan dete hue yahi kaha ja sakata hai ki vaisheshik sootroan ke rachanakal ke sanbandh mean vidvan ekamat nahian haian. at: is sandarbh mean itana hi kaha ja sakata hai ki adhikatar vidvanoan ke anuroop vaisheshik sootr ki rachana doosari shati se pahale huee. kintu mantavyoan ki drishti se vaisheshik mat atiprachin hai, vaisheshik sootr mean bauddh mat ki charcha nahian hai, at: mere vichar mean kanad buddh se poorvavarti mane ja sakate haian.

vaisheshik sootr path

vaisheshik sootr ki jo vyakhyaean upalabdh haian, unake adhar par hi sootr sankhya, sootr kram aur sootr path ka nirdharan kiya jata raha hai. mithilavritti, chandranandavritti aur upaskaravritti mean upalabdh sootr path hi prachinatam mane jate haian. upaskaravritti ke adhar par yah vidit hota hai ki isamean 10 adhyay haian. pratyek adhyay mean do ahnik haian aur sootroan ki sankhya kul milakar 370 hai. sootroan ke kram, poorvapar sangati, path tatha unake vyakhyan mean vyakhyakaroan ka paryapt matabhed dikhaee deta hai. udaharanataya b dauda (b dodara) se prakashit chandranandavritti sahit vaisheshik sootr mean 384 sootr haian is sanskaran mean vaisheshik sootr ke athavean, navean aur dasavean adhyayoan ka do-do ahnikoan mean vibhajan bhi upalabdh nahian hota. mithila vidyapith se prakashit vaisheshik sootr navam adhyay ke pratham ahnik paryant hi upalabdh haian unamean 321 sootr haian.

vaisheshik darshan ki vyakhya

vaisheshik darshan ki vyakhya sarani do prakar ki dekhi jati hai-

sootravyakhyanaroopa, jaise upaskaravritti aur
padarthavyakhyanaroopa, jaise padarthadharmasangrah.

samay ke sath-sath vaisheshik mean bhi prasthanoan ka pravartan hua, jaise mithilaprasthan, gaudaprasthan aur dakshinaty prasthan. mithilaprasthan mean nyay ke siddhantoan ka pravesh aur kanad ko eeshvar bhi many raha,- is bat ke sanket upalabdh hote haian. any do prasthanoan mean aisa prayas nahian milata, kintu vaisheshik vanamay mean in prasthanabhedoan ko koee manyata nahian mili.

vaisheshik sootr ka pratipady

vaisheshik sootr mean 10 adhyay aur 20 ahnik haian. das adhyayoan mean vishay ka pratipadan nimnalikhit roop se kiya gaya hai-

abhyuday aur ni:shreyas ke sadhanabhoot dharm aur padarthoan ke uddesh, vibhag tatha padarthoan ke sadharmy-vaidharmy ke sandarbh mean kary-karan ke svaroop ka niroopan.
prithivi adi dravyoan ka niroopan.
atma, man aur manogati ka niroopan.
padarthamatr ke moolakaran prakriti tatha shariradi ka niroopan.
utkshepanadi karmoan aur nodanadi sanyogaj karm ka niroopan.
shastrarambh mean pratijnat vedoan ka, dharm aur vaidik anushthanoan ka tatha unake drisht aur adrisht phaloan ka niroopan.
gunoan ke svaroop aur bhedoan ka niroopan.
buddhi ke svaroop aur bhedoan tatha jnan ka niroopan.
asatkaryavad tatha anuman ki prakriya ka vishleshan.
sukh-du:kh ke parasparik bhed tatha karan ke bhedoan ka niroopan.

tika tippani aur sandarbh

↑ nya. kan. pri. 4
↑ Vaisheshik Philosopher, UI, p.6
↑ mahabharat, shanti parv 14.11
↑ dhvantasy vamoru vicharanayaan vaisheshakian charumatan matan me. aulookamahu: khalu darshanan tath ksham: tamastattvaniroopanay॥ nai. ch. 12.35
↑ prashastapadabhashy (shrinivas shastri sampadit sanskaran, pri. 151
↑ Vaisheshik System, p-II
↑ Primer of Indian Logic Introduction, p.XII
↑ Journal of American Oriental Society, Vol. 3
↑ vaisheshik darshan, vidyoday bhashy, bhashyakar ka nivedan, pri. 11
↑ shrinivas shastri, prashastapadabhashyavyakhya, pri. 7

sanbandhit lekh

varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj

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[1] ya. kan. pri. 4

[2] Vaisheshik Philosopher, UI, p.6

[3] rat, shanti parv 14.11

[4] vantasy vamoru vicharanayaan vaisheshakian charumatan matan me. aulookamahu: khalu darshanan tath ksham: tamastattvaniroopanay॥ nai. ch. 12.35

[5] rashastapadabhashy (shrinivas shastri sampadit sanskaran, pri. 151

[6] Vaisheshik System, p-II

[7] Primer of Indian Logic Introduction, p.XII

[8] Journal of American Oriental Society, Vol. 3

[9] vaisheshik darshan, vidyoday bhashy, bhashyakar ka nivedan, pri. 11

[10] shrinivas shastri, prashastapadabhashyavyakhya, pri. 7

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[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

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[9]

[10]