शब्द (व्याकरण)

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varn aur dhvani ke samooh ko vyakaran mean shabd kaha jata hai.

prakar

shabd do prakar ke hote haian

sarthak shabd

mukhy lekh : sarthak shabd (vyakaran)

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• sarthak shabd ve shabd hote haian, jo kisi nishchit arth ka bodh karate haian.

nirarthak shabd

mukhy lekh : nirarthak shabd (vyakaran)

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• nirarthak shabd ve shabd hote haian jo kisi arth ka bodh nahian karate haian.
• bhasha pray: sarthak shabdoan ka samooh hi hoti hai. isi karan vyakaran mean sarthak shabdoan ka hi vivechan kiya jata hai, nirarthak shabdoan ka nahian.

shabdoan ke bhed

itihas ya srot ke adhar par shabdoan ko char vargoan mean baanta ja sakata hai.

1.)tatsam

• jo shabd aparivartit roop mean sanskrit se lie ge haian, tatsam haian.
• jaise- pushp, pustak, balak, kanya adi.

2.)tadbhav

• sanskrit ke jo shabd prakrit, apabhransh, purani hindi adi se guzarane ke karan aj parivartit roop mean mil rahe haian, tadbhav haian.
• jaise- sat, saanp, kan, muanh adi.

3.)deshi ya deshaj shabd

• yah ve shabd haian, jinaka srot sanskrit nahian hai, kiantu ve bharat mean gramy kshetroan athava janajatiyoan mean boli jane vali, sanskrit se bhinn bhasha parivaroan ke haian.
• jaise- jhadoo, pag di, lota, jhola, taang, theth adi.

4.)videshi shabd

• yah shabd arabi, farasi ya aangrezi se pramukhataya ae haian.
• arabi- pharasi- bazar, saza, bag, barf, kagaz, qanoon, garib, zila, daroga, fakir, begam, qatl, qaidi, zamiandar adi.
• aangrezi- d aauktar, taiksi, dayari, afasar, tikat, digri, parti, k aaulej, motar, gais, hait, pulis, phis, k aauloni, skool, st aaup, desk, tost, ianjan, tim, phutab aaul, k aaupi, nars, mashin, mil adi.
• purtagali- almari, istari, kanastar, kaptan, godam, nilam, padari, santara, balti, sabun adi.
• fraansisi- kajoo, qaratoos, aangrez adi.
• japani- riksha.
• chini- chay, lichi.

rachana ke adhar par

• rachana ke adhar par shabd tin prakar ke hote haian.

1.)roodh

• jin shabdoan ke sarthak khand n ho sakean aur jo any shabdoan ke mel se n bane hoan. jaise- din, ghar, kitab.

2.)yaugik

• ve shabd jinamean roodh shabd ke atirikt ek shabdaansh (upasarg, pratyay) ya ek roodh shabd avashy hota hai.
• jaise- namakin ('namak' roodh aur 'een' pratyay); pustakalay ('pustak' roodh aur 'alay' roodh)

3.)yogaroodh

• jin yaugik shabdoan ka ek roodh arth mean prayog hone laga hai.
• jaise- pankaj (pank +j) arthat 'kich d mean janm lene vala' kiantu isaka prayog keval 'kamal' ke arth mean hota hai.

vyakaranik vivechan ki drishti se

vyakaranik vivechan ki drishti se shabd do prakar ke hote haian.

vikari shabd

mukhy lekh : vikari shabd

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• ve shabd jinamean liang, vachan adi ke adhar par moolashabd ka roopaantaran hota hai.
• jaise- l daka→ l dake→ l dakoan.

avikari shabd

mukhy lekh : avikari shabd

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• jin shabdoan ka prayog mool roop mean hota hai aur liang, vachan adi ke adhar par unamean koee parivartan nahian ata hai.
• jaise- aj, yahaan, aur, athava.

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panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

sanbandhit lekh

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